Propofol in Emergency Medicine: Pushing the Sedation Frontier

Annals of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 792-797

  Green, Steven M ^a   Krauss, Baruch ^b  

^a LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETIDRONIC ACID; FENTANYL; FLUMAZENIL; KETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; OPIATE; PROPOFOL;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANALGESIA; APNEA; ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; ASSISTED VENTILATION; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BRADYCARDIA; CAPNOGRAPHY; CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST; CARDIOVERSION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SAFETY; EDITORIAL; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; HYPOXIA; INJECTION PAIN; MYOCLONUS; PAIN; PATIENT MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; REFLEX; RESPIRATION DEPRESSION; SEDATION;

EID: 0344395161     PISSN: 01960644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0196-0644(03)00746-7     Document Type: Editorial

References (38)

1. Swanson ER, Seaberg DC, Stypula RW, et al. Propofol for conscious sedation: a case series [letter]. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:661-663.
2. Swanson ER, Seaberg DC, Mathias S. The use of propofol for sedation in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3:234-238.
3. Havel CJ, Strait RT, Hennes H. A clinical trial of propofol vs midazolam for procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:989-997.
4. Guenther-Skokan E, Pribble C, Bassett KE, et al. Use of propofol sedation in a pediatric emergency department: a prospective study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2001;40:663-671.
5. Miner JR, Heegaard W, Plummer D. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during procedural sedation. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:275-280.
6. Godambe SA, Elliot V, Matheny D, et al. Comparison of propofol/fentanyl versus ketamine/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2003;112:116-123.
7. Miner JR, Biros MH, Heegaard W, et al. Bispectral electroencephalographic analysis of patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:638-643.
8. Miner JR, Krieg S, Johnson C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of propofol versus methohexital for procedural sedation during fracture and dislocation reduction in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:931-937.
9. Ducharme J. Propofol in the emergency department: another interpretation of the evidence. Can J Emerg Med. 2001;3:311-312.
10. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Sedation and Anesthesia Care standards. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 2003.
11. Green SM, Krauss B. Pulmonary aspiration risk during ED procedural sedation: an examination of the role of fasting and sedation depth. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:35-42.
12. Green SM. Propofol for emergency department procedural sedation: not yet ready for prime time. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6:975-978.
13. Lowrie L, Weiss AH, Lacombe C. The pediatric sedation unit: a mechanism for pediatric sedation. Pediatrics. 1998;102:e30.
14. Means LJ, Ferrari L, Mancuso TJ, et al. The pediatric sedation unit: a mechanism for safe pediatric sedation [letter]. Pediatrics. 1999;103:199-201.
15. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:459-471.
16. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:1004-1017.
17. Coll-Vinent B, Sala X, Fernandez C, et al. Sedation for cardioversion in the emergency department: analysis of effectiveness in four protocols. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:767-772.
18. Bassett KE, Anderson JL, Pribble CG, et al. Propofol for procedural sedation in children in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:773-782.
19. Pena BMG, Krauss B. Adverse events of procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34:483-490.
20. Guenther E, Pribble CG, Junkins EP Jr, et al. Propofol sedation by emergency physicians for elective pediatric outpatient procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:783-791.
21. Patel R, Lenczyk M, Hannallah RS, et al. Age and the onset of desaturation in apnoeic children. Can J Anaesth. 1994;47:771-774.
22. Poirier MP, Gonzalez Del-Rey JA, McAneney CM, et al. Utility of monitoring capnography, pulse oximetry, and vital signs in the detection of airway mishaps: a hyperoxemic animal model. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:350-352.
23. Kaneko Y. Clinical perspectives on capnography during sedation and general anesthesia in dentistry. Anesthesia Progress. 1995;42:126-130.
24. 2 monitoring when comparing three methods of procedural sedation for children undergoing painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997;13:189-193.
25. Anderson JA, Vann WF. Respiratory monitoring during pediatric sedation: pulse oximetry and capnography. Pediatr Dent. 1988;10:94-101.
26. Weingarten M. Respiratory monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen: a ten-year retrospective. J Clin Monit. 1990;6:217-225.
27. Cote CJ, Liu LM, Szyfelbein SK, et al. Intraoperative events diagnosed by expired carbon dioxide monitoring in children. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1986;33:315-320.
28. Vargo JJ, Zuccaro G, Dumot JA, et al. Automated graphic assessment of respiratory activity is superior to pulse oximetry and visual assessment for the detection of early respiratory depression during therapeutic upper endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:826-831.
29. Croswell RJ, Dilley DC, Lucas WJ, et al. A comparison of conventional versus electronic monitoring of sedated pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dentistry. 1995;17:332-329.
30. Muttitt SC, Finer NN, Tierney AJ, et al. Neonatal apnea: diagnosis by nurse versus computer. Pediatrics. 1988;82:713-720.
31. Farmery AD, Roe PG. A model to describe the rate of oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during apnoea. Br J Anaesth. 1996;76:284-291.
32. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics. 1992;89:1110-1115
33. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: addendum. Pediatrics. 2002;110:836-838.
34. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring. Available at: http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/standards/02.html. Accessed July 22, 2003.
35. Green SM. Fasting is a consideration - not a necessity - for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:647-650.
36. Agrawal D, Manzi SF, Gupta R, et al. Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:636-646.
37. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology. 1999;90:896-905.
38. Green SM, Li J. Ketamine in adults: what emergency physicians need to know about patient selection and emergence reactions. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7:278-281.