Cumulus Cloud Formulations for Longwave Radiation Calculations

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 837-851

  Han, Dejiang ^a   Ellingson, Robert G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPECT RATIO; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CLIMATOLOGY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

CLIMATE MODELS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER;

CLOUDS;

EID: 0344241108     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0837:CCFFLR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Avaste, O. A., Yu. R. Mullamaa, Kh. Yu. Niylisk, and M. A. Sulev, 1974: On the coverage of sky by clouds, Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere, Y. M. Feygelson and L. R. Tavang, Eds., NASA Tech. Transl. TT-F-790, 173-181.
2. Cahalan, R. F., 1986: Nearest neighbor spacing distributions of cumulus clouds. Proc. Third Int. Conf. on Statistical Climatology, Vienna, Austria, Amer. Meteor. Soc. and WMO.
3. _, and J. H. Joseph, 1989: Fractal statistics of cloud fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 261-272.
4. _, and J. B. Snider, 1989: Marine stratocumulus structure. Remote Sens. Environ., 28, 95-107.
5. Ellingson, R. G., 1982: On the effects of cumulus dimensions on longwave irradiance and heating rate calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 886-896.
6. _, and J. C. Gille, 1978: An infrared radiative transfer model. Part I: Model description and comparison of observations with calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 523-545.
7. _, and G. N. Serafino, 1984: Observations and calculations of aerosol heating over the Arabian Sea during MONEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 875-889.
8. _, D. J. Yanuk, and A. Gruber, 1989: Effects of the choice of meteorological data on a radiation model simulation of the NOAA technique for estimating outgoing longwave radiation from satellite radiance observations. J. Climate, 2, 761-765.
9. Han, D., 1996: Studies of longwave radiative transfer under broken cloud conditions: Cloud parameterizations and validations. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Maryland at College Park, 163 pp.
10. Harshvardhan, and J. A. Weinman, 1982: Infrared radiative transfer through a regular array of cuboidal clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 431-439.
11. Joseph, J. H., and R. F. Cahalan, 1990: Nearest neighbor spacing of fair weather cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 793-805.
12. Killen, R., and R. G. Ellingson, 1994: The effect of shape and spatial distribution of cumulus clouds on longwave irradiance. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2123-2136.
13. Lee, F. Y. P., 1988: Statistical parameters of a cloud field. IRS'88: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, J. Lenoble and J. Geleyn, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 91-94.
14. Lopez, R. E., 1977: The lognormal distribution of cumulus cloud population. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 865-872.
15. Lovejoy, S., 1982: Area-perimeter relation for rain and cloud areas. Science, 216, 185-187.
16. _, and D. Schertzer, 1986: Scale invariance, symmetries fractals, and stochastic simulation of atmospheric phenomena. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 21-32.
17. _, and _, 1990a: Multifractals, universality classes and satellite and radar measurements of cloud and rain fields. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2021-2034.
18. 6 m scaling. Fractals and Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics, D. Schertzer and D. Lovejoy, Eds., Kluwer, 111-144.
19. McClatchey, R., R. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. Volz, and J. Garing, 1971: Optical properties of the atmosphere. Rep. AFCL-71-0279, 85 pp. [Available from Geophysics Directorate, 29 Randolf Rd., Hanscom AFB, MA 01731.]
20. Naber, P. S., and J. A. Weinman, 1984: The angular distribution of infrared radiances emerging from broken fields of cumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1249-1257.
21. National Academy of Sciences, 1982: Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Second Assessment. National Academy of Science, 72 pp.
22. Niylisk, Kh. Yu., 1968: Atmospheric thermal radiation in partly cloudy regions. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 4, 383-396.
23. _, 1972: Cloud characteristics in problems of radiation energetics in the earth's atmosphere. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 8, 270-281.
24. Plank, V., 1969: The size distribution of cumulus clouds in representative Florida populations. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 46-67.
25. Schertzer, D., and S. Lovejoy, 1987: Physically based rain and cloud modeling by anisotropic, multicative turbulent cascades. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9693-9714.
26. Sengupta, S. K., R. M. Welch, M. S. Navar, T. A. Berendes, and D. W. Chen, 1990: Cumulus cloud field morphology and spatial patterns derived from high spatial resolution LANDSAT imagery. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 1245-1267.
27. Takara, E. E., and R. G. Ellingson, 1996: Scattering effects on long-wave fluxes in broken cloud fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1464-1476.
28. Webster, P. J., and G. L. Stephens, 1980: Tropical upper-tropospheric extended clouds: Inferences from winter MONEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1521-1541.
29. Weger, R. C., J. Lee, T. Zhu, and R. M. Welch, 1992: Clustering, randomness and regularity in cloud fields: 1. Theoretical considerations. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20519-20536.
30. Welch, R. M., and B. A. Wielicki, 1984: Stratocumulus cloud field reflected fluxes: The effect of cloud shape. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3085-3103.
31. _, K. S. Kuo, B. A. Wielicki, S. K. Sengupta, and L. Parker, 1988: Marine stratocumulus cloud fields off the coast of southern California observed using LANDSAT imagery. Part 1: Structural characteristics. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 341-362.
32. Wielicki, B. A., and R. M. Welch, 1986: Cumulus cloud properties derived using LANDSAT satellite data. J. Appl. Meteor., 25, 261-276.
33. Zhu, T. J. Lee, R. C. Weger, and R. M. Welch, 1992: Clustering, randomness, and regularity in cloud fields: 2. Cumulus cloud fields. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20 537-20 558.