What to Expect from Immersive Virtual Environment Exposure: Influences of Gender, Body Mass Index, and Past Experience

Human Factors

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 504-520

  Stanney, Kay M ^a   Hale, Kelly S ^a   Nahmens, Isabelina ^a   Kennedy, Robert S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

^b RSK Assessments Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASES; LEARNING SYSTEMS; MILITARY APPLICATIONS; NAVIGATION; VIRTUAL REALITY;

BODY MASS INDEX; PAST EXPERIENCE;

HUMAN ENGINEERING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARMY; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; COMPUTER; COMPUTER INTERFACE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISORIENTATION; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH; MALE; NAUSEA; NORMAL HUMAN; OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM; TIME; VIRTUAL REALITY; VOMITING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY IMAGE; BODY MASS INDEX; COHORT STUDIES; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HALLUCINATIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MOTION SICKNESS; POSTURE; PROPRIOCEPTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SELF CONCEPT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SLEEP STAGES; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 0344236184     PISSN: 00187208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1518/hfes.45.3.504.27254     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Baltzley, D. R., Kennedy, R. S., Berbaum, K. S., Lilienthal, M. G., & Gower, D. W. (1989). The time course of post flight simulator sickness symptoms. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 60, 1043-1048.
2. Biocca, F. (1992). Will simulation sickness slow down the diffusion of virtual environment technology? Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 334-343.
3. Calvert, S. L. (2002). The social impact of virtual environment technology. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 663-680). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Casali, J. G. (1986). Vehicular simulation-induced sickness: Volume I. An overview (Tech. Report NTSC TR 86-010). Orlando, FL: Naval Training Systems Center.
5. Dembert, M. L., Jekel, J. F., & Mooney, L. W. (1984). Weight-height indices and percent body fat among U.S. Navy divers. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 55, 391-395.
6. DiZio, P., & Lackner, J. R. (1992). Spatial orientation, adaptation, and motion sickness in real and virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 319-328.
7. DiZio, P., & Lackner, J. R. (1997). Circumventing side effects of immersive virtual environments. In M. Smith, G. Salvendy, & R. Koubek (Eds.), Design of computing systems: Social and ergonomic considerations (pp. 893-896). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
8. DiZio, P., & Lackner, J. R. (2002). Proprioceptive adaptation and aftereffects. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 751-771). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Dobie, T., May, J., McBride, D. & Dobie, T., Jr. (2001). The effects of age and sex on susceptibility to motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 72, 13-20.
10. Draper, M. H., Viirre, E. S., Furness, T. A., & Gawron, V. J. (2001). Effects of image scale and system time delay on simulator sickness in head-coupled virtual environments. Human Factors, 43, 129-146.
11. Fowlkes, J. E., Kennedy, R. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1987). Postural disequilibrium following training flights. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting (pp. 488-491). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
12. Fricke, T. R. (1997). Stereopsis, stereotests, and their relation to vision screening and clinical practice. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 80, 165-172.
13. Graeber, D. A. (2001a). Application of the Kennedy and Graybiel Motion History Questionnaire to predict optokinetic induced motion sickness: Creating a scoring key for circular vection (Tech. Report TR-2001-03). Orlando, FL: Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division.
14. Graeber, D. A. (2001b). Use of incremental adaptation and habituation regimens for mitigating optokinetic side effects: Relevance to counteracting the adverse effects of long-duration exposure. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida, Orlando.
15. Graybiel, A., &. Knepton, J. (1976). Sopite syndrome: A sometimes sole manifestation of motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 47, 873-882.
16. Greenfield, P. M. (1994). Video games as cultural artifacts. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 15, 3-12.
17. Griffin, M. J. (1991). Motion sickness: Significance in aerospace operations and prophylaxis (AGARD Lecture Series 175). Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development.
18. Held, R. (1965). Plasticity in sensory-motor systems. Scientific American, 213(5), 84-94.
19. Hettinger, L. (2002). Illusory self-motion in virtual environments. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 471-491). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Hettinger, L. J., & Riccio, G. E. (1992). Visually induced motion sickness in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 306-310.
21. Hixon, W. C., Niven, J. I., & Correia, M. J. (1966). Kinematics nomenclature for physiological accelerations (Monograph 14). Pensacola, FL: Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, Naval Aerospace Medical Center.
22. Howard, I. P. (1986). The perception of posture, self motion, and the visual vertical. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance: Volume I. Sensory processes and perception (pp. 18:1-18:35). New York: Wiley.
23. Howarth, P. A., & Finch, M. (1999). The nauseogenicity of two methods of navigating within a virtual environment. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 39-45.
24. Kennedy, R. S. (1994. October-November). The relevance of motion effects on sustained operational performance: Sleep and vestibular pathways. Paper presented at the 33rd Meeting of the Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, Orlando, FL.
25. Kennedy, R. S., Berbaum, K. S., Dunlap, W. P., & Smith, M. G. (1995). Correlating visual scene elements with simulator sickness incidence: Hardware and software development (Phase 2 Final Report, Contract N00019-92-C-0157). Washington, DC: Naval Air Systems Command.
26. Kennedy, R. S., & Fowlkes, J. E. (1992). Simulator sickness is polygenic and polysymptomatic: Implications for research. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2, 23-38.
27. Kennedy, R. S., & Frank, L. H. (1985). A review of motion sickness with special reference to simulator sickness (Report No. NAVTRAEQUIPCEN 81-C-0105-16; NTIS No. AD A 155-975). Orlando, FL: Naval Training Equipment Center.
28. Kennedy, R. S., & Graybiel, A. (1965). The Dial test: A standardized procedure for the experimental production of canal sickness symptomatology in a rotating environment (Report No. 113, NSAM 930). Pensacola, FL: Naval School of Aerospace Medicine.
29. Kennedy, R. S., Hettinger, L. J. & Lilienthal, M. G. (1990). Simulator sickness. In G. H. Crampton (Ed.), Motion and space sickness (pp. 317-341). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
30. Kennedy, R. S., Kennedy, K. E., & Bartlett, K. M. (2002). Virtual environments and products liability. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 543-553). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Kennedy. R. S., Lane, N. E., Berbaum, K. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1993). Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3, 203-220.
32. Kennedy. R. S., Lane, N. E., Grizzard, M. C., Stanney, K. M., Kingdon, K., Lanham, S., et al. (2001, September). Use of a motion history questionnaire to predict simulator sickness. Presented at the Driving Simulation Conference 2001, Sophia-Antipolis (Nice), France.
33. Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N. E., Lilienthal, M. G., Berbaum, K. S., & Hettinger, L. J. (1992). Profile analysis of simulator sickness symptoms: Application to virtual environment systems. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 295-301.
34. Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N. E., Stanney, K. M., Kingdon, K. S., & Lanham, S. (2001). Use of a motion experience questionnaire to predict simulator sickness. In M. J. Smith, G. Salvendy, D. Harris, & R. J. Koubek (Eds.), Usability evaluation and interface design: Cognitive engineering, intelligent agents and virtual reality (Vol. 1, pp. 1061-1065). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Kennedy, R. S., Lanham, D. S., Drexler, J. M., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1995). A method for certification that aftereffects of virtual reality exposures have dissipated: Preliminary findings. In A. C. Bittner & P. C. Champney (Eds.) Advances in industrial ergonomics safety VII (pp. 263-270). London: Taylor & Francis.
36. Kennedy, R. S., & Stanney, K. M. (1996). Postural instability induced by virtual reality exposure: Development of a certification protocol. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 8, 25-47.
37. Kennedy, R. S., Stanney, K. M., & Dunlap, W. P. (2000). Duration and exposure to virtual environments: Sickness curves during and across sessions. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 9, 466-475.
38. Kennedy, R. S., Stanney, K. M., Dunlap, W. P., & Jones, M. B. (1996). Virtual environment adaptation assessment test battery (Final Report, Contract NAS9-19453). Houston, TX: NASA Johnson Space Center.
39. Kingdon, K., Stanney, K. M., & Kennedy, R. S. (2001). Extreme responses to virtual environment exposure. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45th Annual Meeting (pp. 1906-1910). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
40. Knerr, B. W., Lampton, D. R., Singer, M. J., Witmer, B. G., Goldberg, S. L., Parsons, K. J., & Parsons, J. (1998). Virtual environments for dismounted soldier training and performance: Results, recommendations, and issues (ARI Tech. Report 1089). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
41. Kohl, R. L. (1985). Endocrine correlates of susceptibility to motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 56, 1158-1165.
42. Kohl, R. L. (1990). Endocrinology of space/motion sickness. In G. H. Crampton (Ed.), Motion and space sickness (pp. 65-86). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
43. Kolasinski, E. M. (1995). Simulator sickness in virtual environments (ARI Tech. Report 1027). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
44. Lampton, D. R., Knerr, B. W., Goldberg, S. L., Bliss, J. P., Moshell, J. M., & Blau, B. S. (1994). The Virtual Environment Performance Assessment Battery (VEPAB): Development and evaluation. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute.
45. Lawson, B. D., Graeber, D. A., Mead, A. M., & Muth, E. R. (2002). Signs and symptoms of human syndromes associated with synthetic experiences. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 589-618). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
46. Lawson, B. D., & Mead, A. M. (1997, June). The sopite syndrome revisited: Drowsiness and mood changes during real or apparent motion. Invited paper presented at the 12th Annual Man in Space Symposium on the Future of Humans in Space, Washington, DC.
47. McCauley, M. E., & Sharkey, T. J. (1992). Cybersickness: Perception of self-motion in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 311-318.
48. McFarland, R. A. (1953). Human factors in air transportation: Occupational health and safety. New York: McGraw-Hill.
49. Mirabile, C. S. (1990). Motion sickness susceptibility and behavior. In G. H. Crampton (Ed.), Motion and space sickness (pp. 391-410). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
50. Money, K. E. (1970). Motion sickness. Psychological Review, 50, 1-39.
51. Money, K. E. (1990). Motion sickness and evolution. In G. H. Crampton (Ed.), Motion and space sickness (pp. 1-7). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
52. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (1998). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Bethesda, MD: NHLBI Information Center. Retrieved July 11, 2003, from http://www. nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_exsum.pdf
53. Owen, D. H., Wolpert, L., & Warren, R. (1983). Effects of optical flow acceleration, edge acceleration, and viewing time on the perception of egospeed acceleration. In D. H. Owen (Ed.), Optical flow and texture variables useful in detecting decelerating and accelerating self-motion (AFHRL-TP-84-4; NTIS AD-A 148 718). Williams Air Force Base, AZ: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory.
54. Pausch, R., Crea, T., & Conway, M. (1992). A literature survey for virtual environments: Military flight simulator visual systems and simulator sickness. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. 1, 344-363.
55. Pierson, W. R., & Eagle, E. L. (1969). Nomogram for estimating body fat, specific gravity and lean body weight from height and weight. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 40, 161-164.
56. Reason, J. T. (1978). Motion sickness adaptation: A neural mismatch model. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, 819-829.
57. Reason, J. T., & Brand, J. J. (1975). Motion sickness. New York: Academic.
58. Riccio, G. E., & Stoffregen, T. A. (1991). An ecological theory of motion sickness and postural instability. Ecological Psychology. 3, 195-240.
59. Rolland, J. P., Biocca, F. A., Barlow, T., & Kancherla, A. (1995). Quantification of adaptation to virtual-eye location in see-thru head mounted displays. In Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium '95 (pp. 56-66). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society.
60. So, R. H. Y., Lo, W. T., & Ko, A. T. K. (2001). Effects of navigation speed on motion sickness caused by an immersive virtual environment. Human Factors, 43, 452-461.
61. Stanney, K. M., Champney, R., Hash, P., Kennedy, R. A., & Compton, D. (2003). Recovery from virtual environment exposure: Expected time-course of symptoms and potential readaptation mechanisms. Manuscript submitted for publication.
62. Stanney, K. M., & Hash, P. (1998). Locus of user-initiated control in virtual environments: Influences on cybersickness. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7, 447-459.
63. Stanney, K. M., & Kennedy, R. S. (1998). Aftereffects from virtual environment exposure: How long do they last? In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting (pp. 1476-1480). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
64. Stanney, K. M., Kennedy, R. S., & Drexler, J. M. (1997). Cybersickness is not simulator sickness. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 41st Annual Meeting (pp. 1138-1142). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
65. Stanney, K. M., Kennedy, R. S., Drexler, J. M., & Harm, D.L. (1999). Motion sickness and proprioceptive aftereffects following virtual environment exposure. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 27-38.
66. Stanney, K. M., Salvendy, G., Deisigner, J., DiZio, P., Ellis, S., Ellison, E., et al. (1998). Aftereffects and sense of presence in virtual environments: Formulation of a research and development agenda. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 10, 135-187.
67. Stone, R. J. (2002), Applications of virtual environments: An overview. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 827-856), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
68. Stott, J. R. R. (1990). Adaptation to nauseogenic motion stimuli and its application in the treatment of air sickness. In G. H. Crampton (Ed.), Motion and space sickness (pp. 373-390). Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
69. Swann, G. M. P., & Stone, R. J. (2002). Virtually a market? Selling practice and the diffusion of virtual reality. In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp, 555-579). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
70. Thornton, W. E., Linder, B. J., Moore, T. P., & Pool, S. L. (1987). Gastrointestinal motility in space motion sickness. Aviation, Space. and Environmental Medicine, 58(9, Suppl.), A 16-A21.
71. Treisman, M. (1977). Motion sickness: An evolutionary hypothesis. Science, 197, 493-495.
72. Uliano, K. C., Kennedy, R. S., & Lambert, E. Y. (1986). Asynchronous visual delays and the development of simulator sickness. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 30th Annual Meeting (pp. 422-426). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
73. Welch, R. B. (1978). Perceptual modification: Adapting to altered sensory environments. New York: Academic.
74. Welch, R. B. (2002). Adapting to virtual environments, In K. M. Stanney (Ed.), Handbook of virtual environments: Design, implementation, and applications (pp. 619-636). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.