Assessment of the hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated base-course materials: A practical method for pavement engineers

Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 121-136

  Cote J ^a   Konrad, J M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Base course; Drainage; Fines; Hydraulic conductivity; Pavement; Soil water characteristic curve

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROSITY;

GRANULAR BASE-COURSES;

GRANULAR MATERIALS;

BASE COURSE; BEARING CAPACITY; DRAINAGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PAVEMENT; POROSITY; SOIL WATER;

EID: 0344088383     PISSN: 00083674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/t02-084     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alonso, E.-E. 1998. Suction and moisture regimes in roadway bases and subgrades. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Subdrainage in Roadway Pavements and Subgrades. PIARC Granada, 11-13 Nov. Edited by Asociación Técnica de Carreteras Monte Easquinza, pp. 57-104.
2. ASTM. 2001a. Standard test method for capillary-moisture relationships for coarse and medium textured soils by porous plate apparatus (D 2325). In 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08. ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., pp. 225-230.
3. ASTM. 2001b. Standard test method for density of soil and soil-aggregate in place by nuclear methods (shallow depth) (D 2922). In 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., pp. 300-304.
4. Babic, B., Prager, A., and Rukavina, T. 2000. Effect of fine particles on some characteristics of granular base courses. Materials and Structures, 33(231): 419-424.
5. Barber, E.-S., and Sawyer, C.-L. 1952. Highway subdrainage. Public Roads, 26(12): 251-268.
6. Barbour, S.L. 1998. Nineteenth Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: The soil-water characteristic curve: a historical perspective. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35: 873-894.
7. Barbour, S.L., Fredlund, D.G., Gan, J.-K.-M., and Wilson, G.W. 1992. Prediction of moisture movement in highway subgrade soils. In Proceedings of the 45th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Toronto, Ont., 26-28 Oct., The Canadian Geotechnical Society, Alliston, Ont.
8. Brooks, R.-H., and Corey, A.-T. 1964. Hydraulic properties of porous media. Hydrology Paper 3, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.
9. CAN/BNQ. 1982a. Granulats - Analyse granulométrique par tamisage. Canadian Standards Association (Ottawa, Ont.) and Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Québec, Que.). CAN/BNQ 2560-040.
10. CAN/BNQ. 1982b. Granulats - Essai au bleu de méthylène. Canadian Standards Association (Ottawa, Ont.) and Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Québec, Que.). CAN/BNQ 2560-255.
11. CAN/BNQ. 1983. Granulats - Détermination de la densité et de l'absorptivité du gros granulat. Canadian Standards Association (Ottawa, Ont.) and Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Québec, Que.). CAN/BNQ 2560-067.
12. CAN/BNQ. 1986. Sols - Détermination de la relation teneur en eau - masse volumique - essai Proctor modifié. Canadian Standards Association (Ottawa, Ont.) and Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Québec, Que.). CAN/BNQ 2501-255.
13. CAN/BNQ. 1989. Granulats - Détermination de la densité et de l'absorptivité du granulat fin. Canadian Standards Association (Ottawa, Ont.) and Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Québec, Que.). CAN/BNQ 2560-065.
14. Cedergren, H.-R. 1974. Drainage of highway and airfield pavements. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.
15. Childs, E.-C., and Collis-George, E. 1950. The permeability of porous materials. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 201(1066): 392-405.
16. Côté, J. 1997. Conductivité hydraulique de matériaux de fondation de chaussées partiellement saturés. Mémoire de maîtrise. Université Laval, Québec.
17. Elsayed, A.-S., and Lindly, J.-K. 1996. Estimating permeability of untreated roadway bases. Transportation Research Record No. 1519. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 11-18.
18. Flon, P., and Poulin, J.-F. 1987. Influence du pourcentage des particules fines sur la portance d'une chaussée à partir d'essais en laboratoire. Études et Recherches en Transports, Matériaux et Essais, Ministère des Transports du Québec, ISBN-2-550-17670-7.
19. Floss, R., and Berner, U. 1989. A new method of the determination of horizontal and vertical permeability of cohesionless basecourse material. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR3), University of Nottingham. Edited by R.-H. Jones and A.-R. Dawson. Butterwoths, London, pp. 78-85.
20. Fragaszy, R.-J., Su, W., and Siddiqi, F.-H. 1990. Effect of oversize particles on the density of clean granular soils. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 13(2): 106-114.
21. Fragaszy, R.-J., Su, J., Siddiqi, F.-H., and Ho, C.-L. 1992. Modeling strength of sandy gravel. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 118(6): 920-935.
22. Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H. 1993. Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Wiley, Interscience Publications, Toronto, Ont.
23. Fredlund, D.G., and Xing, A. 1994. Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31(4): 521-532.
24. Fredlund, D.G., Xing, A., and Huang, S. 1994. Predicting the permeability function for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31: 533-546.
25. Garcia-Bengochea, I., Lovell, C.-W, and Altschaeffl, A.-G. 1979. Pore distribution and permeability of silty clays. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. In Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 105(GT7): 839-856.
26. Gardner, W.-R. 1958. Some steady state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Journal of Soil Science, 85: 228-232.
27. Hazen, A. 1892. Some physical properties of sands and gravels with special reference to their use in filtration. Massachusetts State Board of Health 24th Annual Report, pp. 541-556.
28. Hoppe, E.-J. 1996. The influence of fines on strength and drainage characteristics of aggregate bases. Report VTRC 96-R35RB, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, Va.
29. Jones, H.-A., and Jones, R.-H. 1989. Horizontal permeability of compacted aggregates. In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR3), University of Nottingham. Edited by R.-H. Jones and A.-R. Dawson. Butterwoths, London, pp. 70-77.
30. Jones, R.-H. 1995. The horizontal and vertical permeabilities of granular material. In Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR4), University of Nottingham. Edited by A.-R. Dawson and R.-H. Jones. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham. pp. 51-60.
31. Kenney, T.C., Lau, D., and Ofoegbu, G.I. 1984. Permeability of compacted granular materials. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 21(4): 726-729.
32. Kézdy, A. 1979. Soil physics, selected topics, developments in geotechnical engineering 25, Elsvier Scientific Publication Company, New York, N.Y.
33. Konrad, J.-M. 1999. Frost susceptibility related to soil index properties. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36(3): 403-417.
34. Kuerbis, R., Negussey, D., and Vaid, Y.P. 1988. Effect of gradation and fines content on the undrained response of sand. Geotechnical Special Publication, No. 21, Hydraulic Fill Structures, ASCE, Geotechnical Engineering Division, 15-18 Aug., Fort Collins, Colo., pp. 330-345.
35. Kunze, R.-J., Uehara, G., and Graham, K. 1968. Factors important in the calculation of hydraulic conductivity. In Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, Vol. 32, pp. 760-765.
36. Lambe T.W., and Whitman, R.V. 1979. Soil mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.
37. Loudon, A.-G. 1952. The computation of permeability from simple soil tests. Géotechnique, 3: 165-183.
38. Marshall, T.-J. 1958. A relation between permeability and size distribution of pores. Journal of Soil Science, 9(1): 1-8.
39. Ministère des Transports du Québec. 1987. Mesure de la perméabilité d'un sol granulaire dans un moule Proctor ou CBR (LC-22-322). Procédure de laboratoire, Ministère des Transports du Québec.
40. Ministère des Transports du Québec. 1993. Potentiel de succion (LC-22-330). Procédure du laboratoire des chaussées, Ministère des Transports du Québec.
41. Moulton, L.-K. 1980. Highway subdrainage design, Report No. FHWA-TS-80-224. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
42. Moulton, L.-K., and Seals, R.-K. 1979. Determination of the in situ permeability of base and subbase courses, Final report, Report No. FHWA-RD-79-88. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
43. Mualem, Y. 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research, 12: 593-622.
44. Murray, E.-J. 1995. Prediction of permeability of granular material. In Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR4), University of Nottingham. Edited by A.-R. Dawson and R.-H. Jones. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham. pp. 61-70.
45. Raimbault, G. 1986a. Cycles annuels d'humidité dans une chaussée souple et son support. Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussée, 145: 79-84.
46. Raimbault, G. 1986b. Diffusivité et conductivité hydrauliques de matériaux ou sols non saturés en eau. Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussée, 145: 61-68.
47. Ridgeway, H.-H. 1982. Pavement sub-surface drainage systems. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Synthesis of Highway Practice 96, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C.
48. Sherard, J.-L., Dunnigan, L.-P., and Talbot, J.-R. 1984. Basic properties of sand and gravel filters. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 110(6): 684-700.
49. Vallejo, L.E. 2001. Interpretation of the limits in shear strength in binary granular mixtures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 38: 1097-1104.
50. van Genuchten, M.T. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. In Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, Vol. 30, pp. 156-162.
51. Watabe, Y., Leroueil, S., and Le Bihan, J.-P. 2000. Influence of compaction conditions on pore-size distribution and saturated hydraulic conductivity of a glacial till. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37(6): 1184-1194.
52. Wolf, M. 2000. Possibilities to achieve a high permeability of unbound aggregates and aspect for testing. In Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR5), University of Nottingham. Edited by A.-R. Dawson. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 69-76.