The contribution of anisotropic conductivity in the ionosphere to lightning flash bearing deviations in the ELF/ULF range

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1109-1112

  Füllekrug, Martin ^a   Sukhorukov, Alexander I ^b  

^a GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC IONIZATION; GEOMAGNETISM; LIGHTNING; MAGNETIC FIELDS; IONOSPHERE; IONOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT; LIGHTNING PROTECTION; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY; LIGHTNING FLASH BEARING DEVIATIONS;

IONOSPHERE; ANISOTROPY;

IONOSPHERE;

ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY; DIURNAL VARIATION; EARTH'S CRUST; LIGHTNING FLASHES; MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS; PACIFIC OCEAN; ROTATIONAL DEPENDENCE; TIME-SCALES;

EID: 0344069693     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900174     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bannister, P.R., Simplified formulas for ELF propagation at shorter distances, Radio Sci., 21, 529, 1986.
2. Barr, R., The diffraction of VLF radio waves by the Antarctic ice cap, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 1, 1987.
3. Boccippio, D.J., E.R. Williams, S.J. Heckman, W.A. Lyons, I.T. Baker, and R. Boldi, Sprites, ELF transients, and positive ground strokes, Science, 269, 1088, 1995.
4. Boccippio, D.J., C. Wong, and S.J. Goodman, Global validation of single-station Schumann resonance lightning location, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 60, 701, 1998.
5. Burke, C.P., and D.L. Jones, Global radiolocation in the lower ELF frequency band, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26263, 1995.
6. Burke, C.P., and D.L. Jones, On the polarity and continuing currents in unusually large lightning flashes from ELF events, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 531, 1996.
7. Cummer, S.A., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, and C.P. Barrington-Leigh, ELF radiation produced by electrical currents in sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1281, 1998.
8. Cummins, K.L., M.J. Murphy, E.A Bardo, W.L. Hiscox, R.B. Pyle, and A.E. Pifer, A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9035, 1998.
9. Field, E.C., C.R. Warber, and R.G. Joiner, Focusing and shadowing of ELF signals, Radio Sci., 21, 511, 1986.
10. Füllekrug, M., S.C. Reising, and W.A. Lyons, On the accuracy of arrival azimuth determination of sprite-associated lightning flashes by Earth-ionosphere cavity resonances, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3691, 1996.
11. Füllekrug, M., A.C. Fraser-Smith, and S.C. Reising, Ultraslow tails of sprite-associated lightning flashes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3497, 1998.
12. Füllekrug, M., and Reising, S.C., Excitation of Earthionosphere cavity resonances by sprite-associated lightning flashes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4145, 1998.
13. Greifinger, C., and P. Greifinger, Approximate method for determining ELF eigenvalues in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, Radio Sci., 13, 831, 1978.
14. Greifinger, C., and P. Greifinger, On the ionosphere parameters which govern high-latitude ELF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide Radio Sci., 14, 889, 1979.
15. Huang, E., E.R. Williams, R. Boldi, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, M. Taylor, T. Nelson, and C. Wong, J. Geophys. Res., (in press).
16. Jones, D.L., and D.T. Kemp, Experimental and theoretical observation on the transient excitation of Schumann resonances, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, 1095, 1970.
17. Kemp, D.T., and D.L. Jones, A new technique for the analysis of transient ELF elctromagnetic disturbances within the Earth-ionosphere cavity, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33, 567, 1971.
18. Lee, A.C., An experimental study of the remote location of lightning flashes using a VLF arrival time difference technique, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 203, 1986.
19. Lyons, W.A., Sprite observations above the U. S. High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstrom systems, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29641, 1996.
20. Pappert, R.A., Calculated effects of traveling sporadic E on nocturnal ELF propagation: Comparison with measurement, Radio Sci., 20, 229, 1985.
21. Reising, S.C., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, and W.A. Lyons, Evidence for continuing currents in sprite-producing lightning flashes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3639, 1996.
22. Reising, S.C., Remote sensing of the electrodynamic coupling between thunderstorm systems and the mesosphere/lower ionosphere, PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1998.
23. Sentman, D.D., Magnetic elliptical polarization of Schumann resonances, Radio Sci., 22, 595, 1987
24. Sentman, D.D., Detection of elliptical polarization and mode splitting in discrete Schumann resonance excitation, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 507, 1989.
25. Sentman, D.D., and B.J. Fraser, Simultaneous observations of Schumannresonances in California and Australia: Evidence for intensity modulation by the local height of the D-region, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15973, 1991.
26. Sentman D.D., Schumann Resonances, in Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, edited by H. Volland, pp. 267-310, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995.
27. Sentman, D.D., E.M. Wescott, D.L. Osborne, D.L. Hampton, and M.J. Heavner, Preliminary results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign: 1. Red sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1205, 1995.
28. Sukhorukov, A.I., Lightning transient fields in the atmosphere - low ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1711, 1996.
29. Sukhorukov, A.I., and P. Stubbe, Excitation of the ionospheric Alfven resonator by strong lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 829, 1997a.
30. Sukhorukov, A.I., and P. Stubbe, ELF pulses from remote lightnings and sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1639, 1997b.
31. Wait, J.R., Electromagnetic waves in stratified media, Pergamon Press, New York, 1970.