A coupled 1-D biological/physical model of the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean with iron limitation

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 46, Issue 11-12, 1999, Pages 2877-2908

  Denman, K L ^a   Pena M A ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM MODELING; IRON; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PLANKTON; PRIMARY PRODUCTION;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0344035672     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00087-9     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. 2 (I) Development of a one-dimensional model. Tellus. 47B:1995;103-121.
2. 2 (II) Validation of the model and sensitivity studies. Tellus. 47B:1995;122-144.
3. 2 at Weathership Station Papa. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;319-351.
4. 234Th measurements Deep-Sea Research II. 43:1996;1133-1153.
5. Banse K. Iron availability, nitrate uptake, and exportable new production in the subarctic Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research. 96:1991;741-748.
6. Bishop J.K. Transmissometer measurement of POC. Deep-Sea Research I. 46:1999;353-369.
7. Bishop J.K.B., Calvert S., Soon M. Seasonal and temporal variability of POC in the northeast subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2699-2733.
8. Booth B.C., Lewin J., Postel J.R. Temporal variation in the structure of autotrophic and heterogrophic communities in the subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;57-99.
9. Boyd P.W., Harrison P.J. Phytoplankton dynamics in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2405-2432.
10. Boyd P.W., Harrison P.J., Johnson B.D. JGOFS Canada studies in the NE subarctic Pacific - an overview. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2345-2350.
11. Boyd P.W., Muggli D.L., Varela D.E., Goldblatt R.H., Chretien R., Orians K.J., Harrison P.J. In vitro iron enrichment experiments in the NE subarctic Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 136:1996;179-193.
12. Boyd P.W., Strom S., Whitney F.A., Doherty S., Wen M.E., Harrison P.J., Wong C.S. The NE Subarctic Pacific in Winter. I. Biological standing stocks Marine Ecology Progress Series. 128:1995;11-24.
13. Boyd P.W., Whitney F.A., Harrison P.J., Wong C.S. The NE Subarctic Pacific In Winter. II. Biological rate processes Marine Ecology Progress Series. 128:1995;25-34.
14. Chai F., Lindley S.T., Barber R.T. Origin and maintenance of a high nitrate condition in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 43:1996;1031-1064.
15. 234Th as a tracer of particulate organic carbon export in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 46, 2833-2861.
16. Chisholm, S.W., Morel, F.M. (Eds.), 1991. What controls phytoplankton production in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea? Limnology and Oceanography 36, 1507-1970.
17. Clegg S.L., Whitfield M. A generalized model for the scavenging of trace metals in the open ocean - I. Particle cycling. Deep-Sea Research. 37:1990;809-832.
18. Cullen J.J. Status of the Iron hypothesis after the open-ocean enrichment experiment. Limnology and Oceanography. 40:1995;1336-1343.
19. Cullen J.J., Geider R.J., Ishizaka J., Kiefer D.A., Marra J., Sakshaug E., Raven J.A. Toward a general description of phytoplankton growth for biogeochemical models. Evans G.T., Fasham M.J.R. Towards a Model of Ocean Biogeochemical Processes. 1993;153-176 Springer, Berlin.
20. Davis, C.S., Steele, J.H. (Eds.), 1994. Biological/Physical Modeling of Upper Ocean Processes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Technical Report WHOI-94-32, 64 p.
21. Denman K.L. A time-dependent model of the upper ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography. 3:1973;173-184.
22. Denman K.L., Gargett A.E. Biological-physical interactions in the upper ocean. the role of vertical and small scale transport processes Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics. 27:1995;225-255.
23. Denman K.L., Miyake M. Upper layer modification at Ocean Station Papa. observations and simulation Journal of Physical Oceanography. 3:1973;185-196.
24. Denman, K.L., Peña, M.A., Haigh, S.P., 1998. Simulations of marine ecosystem response to climate variation with a one dimensional coupled ecosystem/mixed layer model. In: Müller P., Holloway G. (Eds.), Biotic Impacts of Extratropical Climate Change in the Pacific. Proceedings 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop pp. 141-147.
25. Dobson F.W., Smith S.D. Bulk models of solar radiation at sea. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 114:1988;165-182.
26. Doney S.C., Glover D.M., Najjar R.G. A new coupled, one-dimensional biological-physical model for the upper ocean. applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site Deep-Sea Research II. 43:1996;591-624.
27. Dortch Q. The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 61:1990;183-201.
28. 234Th and particle cycling in the central equatorial Pacific Deep-Sea Research II. 44:1997;2049-2083.
29. 2 production Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 5:1991;49-69.
30. Evans, G., Garçon V. (Eds.), 1997. One-Dimensional Models of Water Column Biogeochemistry. JGOFS Report 23/97. JGOFS Bergen, Norway, 85 p.
31. Evans G.T., Parslow J.S. A model of annual plankton cycles. Biological Oceanography. 3:1985;327-347.
32. Fasham M.J.R. Variations in the seasonal cycle of biological production in subarctic oceans. a model sensitivity analysis Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;1111-1149.
33. Fasham M.J.R., Ducklow H.W., McKelvie S.M. A nitrogen-gased model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer. Journal of Marine Research. 48:1990;591-639.
34. Fasham, M.J., Evans, G.T., 1995. The use of optimization techniques to model marine ecosystem dynamics at the JGOFS station at 47°N 20°W. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 348, 203-209.
35. Freeland H., Denman K., Wong C.S., Whitney F., Jacques R. Evidence of change in the winter mixed layer in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I. 44:1997;2117-2129.
36. Frost B.W. Grazing control of phytoplankton stock in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean. a model assessing the role of mesozooplankton, particularly the large calanoid copepods Marine Ecology Progress Series. 39:1987;49-68.
37. Frost B.W. A modelling study of processes regulating plankton standing stock and production in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;17-56.
38. Frost B.W., Franzen N.C. Grazing and iron limitation in the control of phytoplankton stock and nutrient concentration. a chemostat analogue of the Pacific equatorial upwelling zone Marine Ecology Progress Series. 83:1992;291-303.
39. 2 at Ocean Station P using an upper ocean model. Deep-Sea Research. 39:1992;921-938.
40. Geider R.J., MacIntyre H.L., Kana T.M. Dynamic model of phytoplankton growth and acclimation: responses of the balanced growth rate and the chlorophyll a: carbon ratio to light, nutrient-limitation and temperature. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 148:1997;187-200.
41. Haney J.D., Jackson G.A. Modeling phytoplankton growth rates. Journal of Plankton Research. 18:1996;63-85.
42. Harrison W.G., Harris L.R., Irwin B.D. The kinetics of nitrogen utilization in the oceanic mixed layer. nitrate and ammonium interactions at nanomolar concentrations Limnology and Oceanography. 41:1996;16-32.
43. Hurtt G.C., Armstrong R.A. A pelagic ecosystem model calibrated with BATS data. Deep-Sea Research II. 43:1996;653-683.
44. Iqbal, M., 1983. Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press, Toronto, 390 p.
45. Johnson, K.S., Gordon, R.M., Coale, K.H., 1997. What controls dissolved iron concentrations in the world ocean? Marine Chemistry 57, 137-161.
46. Kantha L.H., Clayson C.A. An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applications. Journal of Geophysical Research. 99:1994;25235-25266.
47. Kawamiya M., Kishi M.J., Yamanaka Y., Suginohara N. An ecological-physical coupled model applied to Station Papa. Journal of Oceanography. 51:1995;635-664.
48. Kirchman D.L., Wheeler P.A. Uptake of ammonium and nitrate by heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in the sub-Arctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research I. 45:1998;347-365.
49. Landry M.R., Monger B.C., Selph K.E. Time-dependency of microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in the subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;205-222.
50. Landry M.R., Barber R.T., Bidigare R.R., Chai F., Coale K.H., Dam H.G., Lewis M.R., Lindley S.T., McCarthy J.J., Roman M.R., Stoecker D.K., Verity P.G., White J.R. Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific. An EqPac synthesis Limnology and Oceanography. 42:1997;405-418.
51. Large W.G., McWilliams J.C., Doney S.C. Ocean vertical mixing. a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization Reviews of Geophysics. 32:1994;363-403.
52. Lean J. Variations in the Sun's radiative output. Reviews of Geophysics. 29:1991;505-535.
53. Loukos H., Frost B., Harrison D.E., Murray J.W. An ecosystem model with iron limitation of primary production in the equatorial Pacific at 140°W. Deep-Sea Research II. 44:1997;2221-2249.
54. Maldonado M.T., Boyd P.W., Harrison P.J., Price N.M. Co-limitation of phytoplankton growth by light and Fe during winter in the NE subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2475-2485.
55. Maldonado M.T., Price N.M. Utilization of iron bound to strong organic ligands by plankton communities in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2447-2473.
56. Martin J.H., Fitzwater S.E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the northeast Pacific subractic. Nature. 331:1988;341-343.
57. Martin J.H., Gordon R.M. Northeast Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton productivity. Deep-Sea Research. 35:1988;177-196.
58. Martin J.H., Gordon R.M., Fitzwater S., Broenkow W.W. VERTEX. phytoplankton/iron studies in the Gulf of Alaska Deep-Sea Research. 36:1989;649-680.
59. Martin P.J. Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models. Journal of Geophysical Research. 90:1985;903-916.
60. Matear R.J. Parameter optimization and analysis of ecosystem models using simulated annealing. A case study at Station P Journal of Marine Research. 53:1995;571-607.
61. Matear R.J., Wong C.S. Estimation of vertical mixing in the upper ocean at Station P from chlorofluorcarbons. Journal of Marine Research. 55:1997;507-521.
62. McClain C.R., Arrigo K., Tai K.-S., Turk D. Observations and simulations of physical and biological processes at ocean weather station P, 1951-1980. Journal of Geophysical Research. 101:1996;3697-3713.
63. McGillicuddy D.J. Jr., McCarthy J.J., Robinson A.R. Coupled physical and biological modeling of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic (I). model formulation and one dimensional bloom processes Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;1313-1357.
64. Mellor G.L., Yamada T. A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 31:1974;1791-1806.
65. Mellor G.L., Yamada T. Development of a turbulent closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics. 20:1982;851-875.
66. Miller C.B., Frost B.W., Wheeler P.A., Landry M.R., Welschmeyer N., Powell T.M. Ecological dynamics in the subarctic Pacific, a possibly iron-limited ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography. 36:1991;1600-1615.
67. Morel A., Smith R.C. Relation between total quanta and total energy for aquatic photosynthesis. Limnology and Oceanography. 19:1974;591-600.
68. Parsons T.R., Lalli C.M. Comparative oceanic ecology of the plankton communities of the subarctic Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Oceanography and Marine Biology. an Annual Review 26:1988;51-68.
69. Popova E.E., Fasham M.J., Osipov A.V., Ryabchenko V.A. Chaotic behaviour of an ocean ecosystem model under seasonal external forcing. Journal of Plankton Research. 19:1997;1495-1515.
70. Prunet P., Minster J.-F., Ruiz-Pino D., Dadou I. Assimilation of surface data in a one-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model of the surface ocean 1. Method and preliminary results. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 10:1996;111-138.
71. 2 data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 10:1996;111-138.
72. Quay, P., 1997. Was a carbon balance measured in the equatorial Pacific during JGOFS? Deep-Sea Research II 44, 1765-1781.
73. Schmidt M.A., Hutchins D.A. Size-fractionated biological iron and carbon uptake along a coastal to offshore transect in the NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2487-2503.
74. Spencer J.W. Fourier series representation of the position of the sun. Search. 2:1971;172.
75. Steele J.H., Henderson E.W. The role of predation in plankton models. Journal of Plankton Research. 14:1992;157-172.
76. Sunda W.G., Huntsman S.A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature. 390:1997;389-392.
77. Taylor A.H., Geider R.J., Gilbert F.J. Seasonal and latitudinal dependencies of phytoplankton carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratios. results of a modelling study Marine Ecology Progress Series. 152:1997;51-66.
78. Thibault D., Roy S., Wong C.S. The downward flux of biogenic material in the NE subarctic Pacific: importance of algal sinking and mesozooplankton herbivory. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2669-2697.
79. Thomas F., Minster J.-F., Gaspar P., Grégoris Y. Comparing the behaviour of two ocean surface models in simulating dissolved oxygen concentration at Ocean Weather Station P. Deep-Sea Research. 40:1993;395-408.
80. Tortell P., Maldonado M.T., Price N.M. Iron limitation of marine heterotrophic bacteria. Nature. 383:1996;330-332.
81. Varela D.E., Harrison P.J. Seasonal variability in the nitrogenous nutrition of phytoplankton assemblages in the northeastern subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2505-2538.
82. Vézina A.F., Savenkoff C. Inverse modelling of carbon and nitrogen flows in the pelagic food web of the northeast subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2909-2939.
83. Webb W.L., Newton M., Starr D. Carbon dioxide exchange of Alnus rubra. a mathematical model Ecologia. 17:1974;281-291.
84. Welschmeyer N.A., Strom S., Goericke F., DiTullio G., Belvin M., Petersen W. Primary production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. project SUPER Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;101-135.
85. Wheeler P.A. New production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. net changes in nitrate concentrations, rates of nitrate assimilation and accumulation of particulate nitrogen Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;137-161.
86. Wheeler P.A., Kokkinakis S.A. Ammonium recycling limits nitrate use in the oceanic subarctic Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography. 35:1990;1267-1278.
87. Whitney F.A., Freeland H.J. Variability in upper-ocean water properties in the NE Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2351-2370.
88. Wong C.S. Recent advances in remote observational systems and their applications in the open ocean environment. Marine Mining. 8:1989;83-90.
89. Wong, C.S., Whitney, F.A., Iseki, K., Page, J.S., Zeng, Jiye, 1995. Analysis of trends in primary productivity and chlorophyll-a over two decades at Ocean Station P (50°N, 145°W) in the subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean. In: Beamish, R.J. (Ed.), Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations. Spec. Publ. Can. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol. 121, (pp. 107-117).
90. Wong C.S., Whitney F.A., Crawford D.W., Iseki K., Matear R.J., Johnson W.K., Page J.S., Timothy D. Seasonal and interannual variability in particle fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silicon from time series of sediment traps at Ocean Station P, 1982-1993: relationships to subarctic primary productivity. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2735-2760.
91. Woods J.D., Barkmann W. The response of the upper ocean to solar heating, I. The mixed layer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 112:1986;1-27.
92. Zahariev, K., 1998. Dynamics and modelling of the oceanic surface boundary layer: processes, sensitivities, implications, and parameterizations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Victoria, Canada, 131 p.