A bark-shaving technique to deter rat snakes from climbing red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1069-1073

  Saenz, Daniel ^a   Collins, Christopher S ^a   Conner, Richard N ^a  

^a Southern Research Station   (United States)

Author keywords

Picoides borealis; Rat snake; Red cockaded woodpecker; Snake excluder device; Tree climbing

Indexed keywords

EXCLUSION EXPERIMENT; NEST SITE; PREDATOR; SPECIES CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

ELAPHE; ELAPHE OBSOLETA; PANTHEROPHIS OBSOLETUS; PICIDAE; PICOIDES BOREALIS; SERPENTES;

EID: 0343775824     PISSN: 00917648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. ALDRICH, J. W. AND C. G. ENDICOTT. 1984. Black rat snake predation on giant Canada goose eggs. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:263-264.
2. ALLEN, D. H. 1991. An insert technique for constructing artificial cavities for red-cockaded woodpeckers.United States Forest Service General Technical Report. SE-73.
3. BERISFORD, C. W. 1980. Natural enemies and associated organisms. Pages 31-52 in R. C. Thatcher, J. L. Searcy, J. E. Coster, and G. D. Hertel, editors. The southern pine beetle. Forest Service Science and Educational Administration Technical Bulletin 1631.
4. BLEM, C. R. 1979. Predation of black rat snakes on a bank swallow colony. The Wilson Bulletin 91:135-137.
5. CONANT, R., AND J. T. COLLINS. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts.
6. COPEYON, K. C. 1990. A technique for construction of cavities for the red-cockaded woodpecker. Wildlife Society Bulletin 18:303-311.
7. DIXON, J. R. 1987. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas. Texas A&M University, College Station.
8. FENDLEY, T. T. 1980. Incubating wood duck and hooded merganser hens killed by black rat snakes. The Wilson Bulletin 94:526-527.
9. FITCH, H. S. 1963. Natural history of the black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) in Kansas. Copeia 1963:649-658.
10. GANS, C. 1974. Biomechanics: An approach to vertebrate biology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
11. GRESS, R. J., AND G. J. WEINS. 1983. Black rat snake predation on nestling pileated woodpeckers. Kansas Ornithological Society Bulletin 34:27-28.
12. HAGGERTY, T. 1981. Rat snake preys on nestlings of rough-winged swallow and common grackle The Chat 45:77.
13. JACKSON, J. A. 1974. Gray rat snakes versus red-cockaded woodpeckers: predator-prey adaptations. The Auk 91:342-347.
14. JACKSON, J. A. 1976. Relative climbing tendencies of gray (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) and black rat snakes (E. o. obsoleta). Herpetologica 32:359-361.
15. JACKSON, J. A. 1978a. Predation by a gray rat snake on red-cockaded woodpecker nestlings. Bird-Banding 49:187-188.
16. JACKSON, J. A. 1978b. Pine bark redness as an indicator of red-cockaded woodpecker activity. Wildlife Society Bulletin 6:171-172.
17. NEAL, J. C., W. G. MONTAGUE, AND D. A. JAMES. 1993. Climbing by black rat snakes on cavity trees of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21:160-165.
18. NEAL, J. C., W. G. MONTAGUE, D. M. RICHARDSON, AND J. H. WITHGOTT. 1999. Exclusion of rat snakes from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26:851-854.
19. RICHARDSON, D. M., AND J. M. STOCKIE. 1995. Response of a small red-cockaded woodpecker population to intensive management at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge. Pages 98-105 in D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, editors. Red-cockaded woodpecker symposium 3: species, recovery, ecology and management. College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, 24-28 January 1993, Nacogdoches, Texas.
20. RUDOLPH, D. C., H. KYLE, AND R. N. CONNER. 1990. Red-cockaded woodpeckers vs rat snakes: the effectiveness of the resin barrier. The Wilson Bulletin 102:14-22.
21. RUDOLPH, D. C., R. N. CONNER, D. K. CARRIE, AND R. R. SCHAEFER. 1992. Experimental reintroduction of red-cockaded woodpeckers. The Auk 109:914-916.
22. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 1995. Final environmental impact statement for the management of the red cockaded woodpecker and its habitat on national forests in the southern region. United States Forest Service, Management Bulletin. R8-MB-73.
23. WITHGOTT, J. H., J. C. NEAL, AND W. G. MONTAGUE. 1995. A technique to deter rat snakes from climbing red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees. Pages 394-400 in D. L. Kulhavy, R. G. Hooper, and R. Costa, editors Red-cockaded woodpecker symposium 3: species, recovery, ecology and management. College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, 24-28 January 1993, Nacogdoches, Texas.