Domesticating 'the heart of the wild': Female personifications of the colonies, 1886-1940

Women's History Review

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 239-270

  Alessio, Dominic David ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0343725012     PISSN: 09612025     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09612029700200142     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. H. Rider Haggard quoted in Jan Nederveen Pieterse (1992) White on Black, p. 99 (London: Yale University Press).
2. For a discussion of a recent path-breaking work that questions this male-oriented focus on empire imagery and which identifies British feminists firmly with the imperial cause, see Antoinette Burton (1994) Burdens of History: British feminists, Indian women, and imperial culture, 1865-1915 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press).
3. Julia Bush (1994) The right sort of woman': female emigrators and emigration to the British Empire, 1840-1910, Women's History Review, 3, p. 387.
4. John M. MacKenzie (1994) argues that popular imperialism did not cease with the First World War. Instead, he states that "an implicit imperialism, partly economic, partly moral" continued right through to the 1930s and was seen "as a means of arresting national decline". See Propaganda and Empire: the manipulation of British public opinion, 1880-1960, pp. 2-3 (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
5. Both Arcadia and Cockaigne refer to varieties of ideal societies. Arcadia is a reflection of the myth of the Golden Age or Garden of Eden. It assumes that a harmonious condition exists between humanity and nature where the former's wants are limited but met by the land. Cockaigne, on the other hand, is imagined as a world where anything and everything can be had simply for the asking. It is a Bacchanalian world of luxury and idleness where rivers run with wine, streets are paved with cakes, and where promiscuity is commonplace. For a discussion of Utopian genres refer to Krishan Kumar (1991) Utopianism (Milton Keynes: Open University Press).
6. Mario Klarer (1993) Woman and Arcadia: the impact of ancient Utopian thought on the early image of America, Journal of American Studies, 27, p. 5.
7. Kay Schaffer (1989) Women and the Bush: Australian national identity and representations of the feminine, Working Paper No. 46, pp. 34. (Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies).
8. Pieterse, White on Black, p. 22.
9. David Theo Goldberg (1993) Racist Culture, p. 31 (Oxford: Blackwell).
10. For a more detailed discussion of the Perfect Lady stereotype, now well documented in the historical literature, see chapter 2 of Deirdre Beddoe (1993) Discovering Women's History: a practical guide to the sources of women's history 1800-1945 (London: Pandora)
11. the introduction to Martha Vicinus (Ed.) (1977) A Widening Sphere; changing roles of Victorian women (London: Methuen)
12. or refer to the discussion of domestic ideology in chapter 1 of Lynda Nead's (1988) Myths of Sexuality: representations of women in Victorian Britain (Oxford: Blackwell)
13. Anna Davin (1978) Imperialism and motherhood, History Workshop, 5, p. 13.
14. Stanley C. Johnson (1913) A History of Emigration, p. 341 (London).
15. Dora Gore Browne (1904) 'To England's Daughters', in The Imperial Colonist, III.
16. Reproduced in James A Hammerton (1979) Emigrant Gentlewomen, p. 133 (London: Croom Helm).
17. The Big Brother Movement, c. 1925 (London), p. 13. (Royal Commonwealth Collection. Cambridge University Library.
18. Dominion Royal Commission (1914-16) Migration Report on the Distribution of the Sexes, p. 102. (Royal Commonwealth Collection, Cambridge University Library).
19. Agnes Lout (c.1914) quoted in Canada for Women, p. 1 (London).
20. Nead, Myths of Sexuality, p. 31.
21. Hammerton, Emigrant Gentlewomen, p. 47.
22. Bush, 'The right sort of woman', p. 400.
23. High Commissioner for Australia (1910) Australia for Domestic Servants, p. 13.
24. Mrs Conyers Allston (1917) Women of the overseas Empire, The National Review, p. 633.
25. Eva-Marie Kroller (1987) Canadian Travellers in Europe 1851-1900, p. 43 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press).
26. For examples of such publications see: High Commissioner for Australia (1910) Australia for Domestic Servants
27. New Zealand High Commissioner (1912) Information about New Zealand for Domestic Servants (London)
28. Canadian Pacific Railway (e.1914) Canada for Women
29. Florence B. Low (1920) Openings for British Women in Canada (London).
30. Ronald Hyam (1992) Empire and Sexuality, p. 12 (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
31. Hyam, Empire and Sexuality, p. 74.
32. Davin, 'Imperialism and motherhood', p. 15.
33. MacKenzie, Propaganda and Empire, p. 159.
34. Rosalind Miles (1989) The rod of empire, in The Woman's History of the World, p. 212 (London: Paladin).
35. Philip Mason (1986) A Matter of Honour, p. 176 (London: Macmillan).
36. Mason, A Matter of Honour, p. 177.
37. Gladys Pott (1924) Migration of women within the Empire, United Empire, XV, p. 228.
38. Pott, 'Migration of women', p. 220.
39. As quoted in Burton, Burdens of History, p. 85.
40. Arthur Grimble (1922) Women as empire builders, United Empire, XIII, pp. 196497.
41. Alston, 'Women of the overseas Empire', p. 635.
42. T. W. Sheffield (1912) A Vital Question, p. 33 (Regina) (Royal Commonwealth Collection, Cambridge University Library).
43. John Ruskin (1869) The Queen of the Air
44. quoted in Marina Warner (1985) Monuments and Maidens: the allegory of the female form, p. 125 (London: Vintage).
45. Dominic Alessio (1992) Coloured Views: images of the New Zealand city and town, 18804930, pp. 46-50 (PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington).
46. Lori Anne Loeb (1994) Consuming Angels: advertising and Victorian women, p. 175 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
47. Anson A Gard (1907) The Last West, cover (Royal Commonwealth Collection, Cambridge University Library).
48. Advertisement for Coulls Somerville Wilkie Ltd, Stationers, Printers and Lithographers, L. S. Fanning (Ed.) (1925) New Zealand To-day, no page (Dunedin).
49. Card from the Victoria League (c. 1916) in the Royal Commonwealth Collection, Cambridge University Library. For more information on the Victoria League
50. NeaL, Myths of sexuality, p. 83.
51. Loeb, Consuming Angels, p. 64.
52. Reproduced in Shirley Maddock (1988) A Pictorial History of New Zealand, p. xii (Auckland: Heinemann Reed and David Bateman Ltd).
53. David Hamer (1990) Centralization and nationalism, in Keith Sinclair (Ed.) The Oxford Illustrated History of New Zealand, p. 146 (Auckland: Oxford University Press).
54. Reproduced in William H. Truettner (Ed.) (1991) The West as America. Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820-1920, p. 135 (London: The Smithsonian Institute Press).
55. Werner Sollors (1994) National identity and ethnic diversity: 'Of Plymouth Rock and Jamestown and Ellis Island';
56. or, ethnic literature and some redefinitions of 'America', in Genevieve Fabre & Robert O'Meally (Eds) History and Memory in African-American Culture, p. 94 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
57. Warner, Monuments and Maidens, p. 45.
58. Charles Stewart (1923) Canada West, title (Ottawa) (Royal Commonwealth Collection, Cambridge University Library.
59. Peterson & Guy (1930) New Zealand: the wonderland of the Pacific, p. 30. (C 16302) Alexander Turnbull Library).
60. New Zealand Parliamentary Debates (28 September-23 October, 1903), p. 87.
61. Klarer, 'Woman and arcadia', p. 15.
62. Souvenir of the Visit to Dunedin, 'The City Beautiful', by the American Fleet (1925), p. 39.