메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 171-202

Prodrugs for improved CNS delivery

Author keywords

Blood brain barrier; CNS; Prodrug

Indexed keywords

BIOCONVERSION; BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES; BLOOD; BLOOD VESSELS; BRAIN; CELLS; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; DRUG THERAPY; ENZYMES; LIPIDS;

EID: 0343724706     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0169-409X(95)00106-H     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (277)
  • 3
    • 0002468885 scopus 로고
    • Brain drug delivery and blood-brain barrier transport
    • Pardridge, W.M. (1993) Brain Drug Delivery and Blood-brain Barrier Transport. Drug Deliv. 1, 83-101.
    • (1993) Drug Deliv. , vol.1 , pp. 83-101
    • Pardridge, W.M.1
  • 9
    • 0020314516 scopus 로고
    • Problems of delivery of drugs to the brain
    • Bodor, N. and Brewster, M. (1983) Problems of delivery of drugs to the brain. Pharmacol. Ther. 19, 337-386.
    • (1983) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.19 , pp. 337-386
    • Bodor, N.1    Brewster, M.2
  • 10
    • 0023632674 scopus 로고
    • Redox drug delivery for targeting drugs to the brain
    • Bodor, N. (1987) Redox drug delivery for targeting drugs to the brain. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 507, 289-306.
    • (1987) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.507 , pp. 289-306
    • Bodor, N.1
  • 11
    • 0027007974 scopus 로고
    • Redox approaches to drug delivery to the central nervous system
    • Brewster, M.E. and Bodor, N. (1992) Redox approaches to drug delivery to the central nervous system. NIDA Monogr. Ser. 120, 169-201.
    • (1992) NIDA Monogr. Ser. , vol.120 , pp. 169-201
    • Brewster, M.E.1    Bodor, N.2
  • 13
    • 0014109002 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase
    • Reese, T. and Karnovsky, M. (1967) Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. J. Cell Biol. 34, 207-217.
    • (1967) J. Cell Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 207-217
    • Reese, T.1    Karnovsky, M.2
  • 14
    • 0014481056 scopus 로고
    • Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain
    • Brightman, M.W. and Reese, T.S. (1969) Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain. J. Cell Biol. 40, 648-677.
    • (1969) J. Cell Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 648-677
    • Brightman, M.W.1    Reese, T.S.2
  • 15
    • 0017689969 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of blood-brain interfaces
    • Brightman, M.W. (1977) Morphology of blood-brain interfaces. Exp. Eye Res. 25 (Suppl.), 1-25.
    • (1977) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-25
    • Brightman, M.W.1
  • 16
    • 0026093983 scopus 로고
    • Hydrophobic ion transfer between membranes of adjacent hepatocytes: A possible probe of tight junction structure
    • Turin, L., Behe, P., Plonsky, I. and Barkovskaya, A.D. (1991) Hydrophobic ion transfer between membranes of adjacent hepatocytes: a possible probe of tight junction structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9365-9369.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 9365-9369
    • Turin, L.1    Behe, P.2    Plonsky, I.3    Barkovskaya, A.D.4
  • 17
    • 0020079785 scopus 로고
    • On tight-junction structure
    • Pinto da Silva, P. and Kachar, B. (1982) On tight-junction structure. Cell 28, 441-450.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.28 , pp. 441-450
    • Pinto Da Silva, P.1    Kachar, B.2
  • 18
    • 0020058236 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the lipidic nature of tight junction strands
    • Kachar, B. and Reese, T.S. (1982) Evidence for the lipidic nature of tight junction strands. Nature 296, 464-466.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 464-466
    • Kachar, B.1    Reese, T.S.2
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0018855966 scopus 로고
    • Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: Distribution of enzymes between the luminal and abluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells
    • Betz, A.L., Firth, J.A. and Goldstein, G.W. (1980) Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: distribution of enzymes between the luminal and abluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells. Brain Res. 192, 17-28.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.192 , pp. 17-28
    • Betz, A.L.1    Firth, J.A.2    Goldstein, G.W.3
  • 21
    • 0002645997 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural characteristics of adult choroid plexus: Relation to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to proteins
    • M.G. Netsky and S. Shuangshoti (Eds), University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville
    • Brightman, M.W. (1975) Ultrastructural characteristics of adult choroid plexus: relation to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to proteins. In: M.G. Netsky and S. Shuangshoti (Eds), The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. 86-112.
    • (1975) The Choroid Plexus in Health and Disease , pp. 86-112
    • Brightman, M.W.1
  • 22
    • 0016828594 scopus 로고
    • Differential permeability of cerebral capillary and choroid plexus to lanthanum ion
    • Bouldin, T.W. and Krigman, M.R. (1975) Differential permeability of cerebral capillary and choroid plexus to lanthanum ion. Brain Res. 99, 444-448.
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.99 , pp. 444-448
    • Bouldin, T.W.1    Krigman, M.R.2
  • 23
    • 0005080437 scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier - Facts and questions
    • B.K. Siesjo and S.C. Sorensen (Eds), Munksgaard. Copenhagen
    • Crone, C. (1991) The blood-brain barrier - facts and questions. In: B.K. Siesjo and S.C. Sorensen (Eds), Ion Homeostasis of the Brain (Alfred Benzon Symp. III), Munksgaard. Copenhagen, pp. 52-62.
    • (1991) Ion Homeostasis of the Brain (Alfred Benzon Symp. III) , vol.3 , pp. 52-62
    • Crone, C.1
  • 27
    • 0020826160 scopus 로고
    • Distributed model for drug delivery to CSF and brain tissue
    • Collins, J.M. and Dedrick, R.L. (1983) Distributed model for drug delivery to CSF and brain tissue. Am. J. Physiol. 245, R303-R310.
    • (1983) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.245
    • Collins, J.M.1    Dedrick, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 0025217410 scopus 로고
    • Plasmalemmal vesicles are involved in transendothelial transport of albumin, lysosomal enzymes and mannose-6-phosphate receptor fragments in capillary endothelium
    • Willemsen, R., Wisselaar, H.A. and van der Ploeg, A.T. (1990) Plasmalemmal vesicles are involved in transendothelial transport of albumin, lysosomal enzymes and mannose-6-phosphate receptor fragments in capillary endothelium. J. Cell Biol. 51, 235-241.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.51 , pp. 235-241
    • Willemsen, R.1    Wisselaar, H.A.2    Van Der Ploeg, A.T.3
  • 29
    • 0003046626 scopus 로고
    • How plasma macromolecules cross the endothelium
    • Simionescu, M., Ghitescu, L. and Fixman, A. (1987) How plasma macromolecules cross the endothelium. New Physiol. Sci. 2, 97-100.
    • (1987) New Physiol. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 97-100
    • Simionescu, M.1    Ghitescu, L.2    Fixman, A.3
  • 31
    • 0022551377 scopus 로고
    • Specific binding sites for albumin restricted to plasmalemmal vesicles of continuous capillary endothelium: Receptor-mediated transcytosis
    • Ghitescu, L., Fixman, A., Simionescu, M. and Simionescu, N. (1986) Specific binding sites for albumin restricted to plasmalemmal vesicles of continuous capillary endothelium: receptor-mediated transcytosis. J. Cell Biol. 102, 1304-1311.
    • (1986) J. Cell Biol. , vol.102 , pp. 1304-1311
    • Ghitescu, L.1    Fixman, A.2    Simionescu, M.3    Simionescu, N.4
  • 32
    • 0021103962 scopus 로고
    • Proteins and vesicular transport in capillary endothelium
    • Schneeberger, E.E. (1983) Proteins and vesicular transport in capillary endothelium. Fed. Proc. 42, 2419-2424.
    • (1983) Fed. Proc. , vol.42 , pp. 2419-2424
    • Schneeberger, E.E.1
  • 33
    • 0022930644 scopus 로고
    • Pathways across the vertebrate blood-brain barrier: Morphological viewpoints
    • Bundgaard, M. (1986) Pathways across the vertebrate blood-brain barrier: morphological viewpoints. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 484, 7-19.
    • (1986) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.484 , pp. 7-19
    • Bundgaard, M.1
  • 34
    • 0021103970 scopus 로고
    • Vesicular transport in capillary endothelium: Does it occur?
    • Bundgaard, M. (1983) Vesicular transport in capillary endothelium: does it occur? Fed. Proc. 42, 2425-2430.
    • (1983) Fed. Proc. , vol.42 , pp. 2425-2430
    • Bundgaard, M.1
  • 35
    • 0041110797 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles as elements in a system of branching invaginations from the cell surface
    • Bundgaard, M., Frokjaer-Jensen, J. and Crone, C. (1979) Endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles as elements in a system of branching invaginations from the cell surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 6439-6442.
    • (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.76 , pp. 6439-6442
    • Bundgaard, M.1    Frokjaer-Jensen, J.2    Crone, C.3
  • 36
    • 0000573825 scopus 로고
    • Cell biological perspective for the transcytosis of peptides and proteins through the mammalian blood-brain fluid barriers
    • W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), Raven Press, New York
    • Broadwell, R.D. and Banks, W.A. (1993) Cell biological perspective for the transcytosis of peptides and proteins through the mammalian blood-brain fluid barriers. In: W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), The Blood-Brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Raven Press, New York, pp. 165-199.
    • (1993) The Blood-brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology , pp. 165-199
    • Broadwell, R.D.1    Banks, W.A.2
  • 38
    • 0003135848 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain glucose transfer
    • M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Gjedde, A. (1992) Blood-brain glucose transfer. In: M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 65-115.
    • (1992) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier , pp. 65-115
    • Gjedde, A.1
  • 39
    • 0002249910 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and regulation of gene expression of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter
    • W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), Raven Press, New York
    • Pardridge, W.M. and Boado, R.J. (1993) Molecular cloning and regulation of gene expression of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter. In: W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), The Blood-Brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Raven Press, New York, pp. 395-440.
    • (1993) The Blood-brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology , pp. 395-440
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Boado, R.J.2
  • 40
    • 0025329190 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models of drug transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier
    • Pardridge, W.M., Triguero, D., Yang, J. and Cancilla, P.A. (1990) Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models of drug transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253, 884-891.
    • (1990) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.253 , pp. 884-891
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Triguero, D.2    Yang, J.3    Cancilla, P.A.4
  • 41
    • 0026063037 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier glucose transporter is asymmetrically distributed on brain capillary endothelial lumenal and ablumenal membranes: An electron microscopic immunogold study
    • Farrell, C.L. and Pardridge, W.M. (1991) Blood-brain barrier glucose transporter is asymmetrically distributed on brain capillary endothelial lumenal and ablumenal membranes: an electron microscopic immunogold study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88, 5779-5783.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.88 , pp. 5779-5783
    • Farrell, C.L.1    Pardridge, W.M.2
  • 43
    • 0022559194 scopus 로고
    • Specialized properties and solute transport in brain capillaries
    • Betz, A.L. and Goldstein, G.W. (1986) Specialized properties and solute transport in brain capillaries. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 48, 241-250.
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.48 , pp. 241-250
    • Betz, A.L.1    Goldstein, G.W.2
  • 46
    • 0001904502 scopus 로고
    • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: Molecular cloning and structural and functional features of a blood-brain barrier marker protein
    • W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), Raven Press, New York
    • Frey, A. (1993) Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: molecular cloning and structural and functional features of a blood-brain barrier marker protein. In: W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), The Blood-Brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Raven Press, New York, pp. 339-368.
    • (1993) The Blood-brain Barrier: Cellular and Molecular Biology , pp. 339-368
    • Frey, A.1
  • 47
    • 0021020420 scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolism: A perspective from the blood-brain barrier
    • Pardridge, W.M. (1983) Brain metabolism: A perspective from the blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 63, 1481-1535.
    • (1983) Physiol. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 1481-1535
    • Pardridge, W.M.1
  • 48
    • 0001528643 scopus 로고
    • Peptides and the blood-brain barrier
    • M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Begley, D.J. (1992) Peptides and the blood-brain barrier. In: M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 151-203.
    • (1992) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier , pp. 151-203
    • Begley, D.J.1
  • 49
    • 0013594561 scopus 로고
    • The movement of vitamins into the brain
    • M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Pratt, O.E. (1992) The movement of vitamins into the brain. In: M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 205-220.
    • (1992) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier , pp. 205-220
    • Pratt, O.E.1
  • 50
    • 0021328577 scopus 로고
    • Deoxynucleoside and vitamin transport into the central nervous system
    • Spector, R. and Eells, J. (1984) Deoxynucleoside and vitamin transport into the central nervous system. Fed. Proc. 43, 196-200.
    • (1984) Fed. Proc. , vol.43 , pp. 196-200
    • Spector, R.1    Eells, J.2
  • 52
    • 0027246385 scopus 로고
    • P-glycoprotein is strongly expressed in brain capillaries
    • L.R. Drewes and A.L. Betz (Eds), Plenum Press, New York
    • Jette, L. and Beliveau, R. (1993) P-Glycoprotein is strongly expressed in brain capillaries. In: L.R. Drewes and A.L. Betz (Eds), Frontiers in Cerebral Vascular Biology: Transport and Its Regulation, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 121-125.
    • (1993) Frontiers in Cerebral Vascular Biology: Transport and Its Regulation , pp. 121-125
    • Jette, L.1    Beliveau, R.2
  • 53
    • 0023813001 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) associated with multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cells
    • Hamada, H. and Tsuruo, T. (1988) Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) associated with multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cells. Cancer Res. 48, 4926-4932.
    • (1988) Cancer Res. , vol.48 , pp. 4926-4932
    • Hamada, H.1    Tsuruo, T.2
  • 54
    • 0027998226 scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence for ATP-dependent and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of cyclosporin A at the blood-brain barrier
    • Sakata, A., Tamai, I., Kawazu, K., Deguchi, Y., Ohnishi, T., Saheki, A. and Tsuji, A. (1994) In vivo evidence for ATP-dependent and P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of cyclosporin A at the blood-brain barrier. Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 1989-1992.
    • (1994) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.48 , pp. 1989-1992
    • Sakata, A.1    Tamai, I.2    Kawazu, K.3    Deguchi, Y.4    Ohnishi, T.5    Saheki, A.6    Tsuji, A.7
  • 55
    • 0002736034 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of phosphatase in normal organs and tissues
    • Gomori, G. (1941) The distribution of phosphatase in normal organs and tissues. J. Cell Comp. Physiol. 17, 71-83.
    • (1941) J. Cell Comp. Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 71-83
    • Gomori, G.1
  • 56
    • 0017740173 scopus 로고
    • Enzymic activity of the brain: Microvessels vs. total forebrain homogenate
    • Djuricic, B.M. and Mrsulja, B.B. (1977) Enzymic activity of the brain: microvessels vs. total forebrain homogenate. Brain Res. 138, 561-564.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.138 , pp. 561-564
    • Djuricic, B.M.1    Mrsulja, B.B.2
  • 57
    • 0025758380 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of metabolically active capillaries of the blood-brain barrier
    • Dallaire, L., Tremblay, L. and Beliveau, R. (1991) Purification and characterization of metabolically active capillaries of the blood-brain barrier. Biochem. J. 276, 745-752.
    • (1991) Biochem. J. , vol.276 , pp. 745-752
    • Dallaire, L.1    Tremblay, L.2    Beliveau, R.3
  • 58
    • 0013887564 scopus 로고
    • Localization of monoaminergic blood-brain barrier mechanisms
    • Bertler, A., Falck, B., Owman, C. and Rosengren, E. (1966) Localization of monoaminergic blood-brain barrier mechanisms. Pharmacol. Rev. 18, 369-385.
    • (1966) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 369-385
    • Bertler, A.1    Falck, B.2    Owman, C.3    Rosengren, E.4
  • 59
    • 0018746319 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the enzymatic blood-brain barrier: Quantitative measurements of DOPA decarboxylase in the wall of microvessels as related to the parenchyma in various CNS regions
    • Hardebo, J.E., Falck, B., Owman, C. and Rosengren, E. (1979) Studies on the enzymatic blood-brain barrier: Quantitative measurements of DOPA decarboxylase in the wall of microvessels as related to the parenchyma in various CNS regions. Acta Physiol. Scand. 105, 453-460.
    • (1979) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.105 , pp. 453-460
    • Hardebo, J.E.1    Falck, B.2    Owman, C.3    Rosengren, E.4
  • 60
    • 0018888738 scopus 로고
    • Barrier mechanisms for neurotransmitter monoamines and their precursors at the blood-brain barrier
    • Hardebo, J.E. and Owman, C. (1979) Barrier mechanisms for neurotransmitter monoamines and their precursors at the blood-brain barrier. Ann. Neurol. 8, 1-11.
    • (1979) Ann. Neurol. , vol.8 , pp. 1-11
    • Hardebo, J.E.1    Owman, C.2
  • 61
    • 0018898642 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the in vitro uptake of monoamines into brain microvessels
    • Hardebo, J.E. and Owman, C. (1980) Characterization of the in vitro uptake of monoamines into brain microvessels. Acta Physiol. Scand. 108, 223-229.
    • (1980) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.108 , pp. 223-229
    • Hardebo, J.E.1    Owman, C.2
  • 62
    • 0019205501 scopus 로고
    • Enzymes related to monoamine transmitter metabolism in brain microvessels
    • Hardebo, J.E., Emson, P.C., Falck, B., Owman, C. and Rosengren, E. (1980) Enzymes related to monoamine transmitter metabolism in brain microvessels. J. Neurochem. 35, 1388-1393.
    • (1980) J. Neurochem. , vol.35 , pp. 1388-1393
    • Hardebo, J.E.1    Emson, P.C.2    Falck, B.3    Owman, C.4    Rosengren, E.5
  • 63
    • 0023909760 scopus 로고
    • A new aspect of the protective functions of the blood-brain barrier: Activities of four drug-metabolizing enzymes in isolated rat brain microvessels
    • Ghersi-Egea, J.-F., Minn, A. and Siest, G. (1988) A new aspect of the protective functions of the blood-brain barrier: activities of four drug-metabolizing enzymes in isolated rat brain microvessels. Life Sci. 42, 2515-2523.
    • (1988) Life Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2515-2523
    • Ghersi-Egea, J.-F.1    Minn, A.2    Siest, G.3
  • 64
    • 0027976519 scopus 로고
    • Localization of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities to blood-brain interfaces and circumventricular organs
    • Ghersi-Egea, J.F., Leninger-Muller, B., Suleman, G., Siest, G. and Minn, A. (1994) Localization of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities to blood-brain interfaces and circumventricular organs. J. Neurochem. 62, 1089-1096.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.62 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Ghersi-Egea, J.F.1    Leninger-Muller, B.2    Suleman, G.3    Siest, G.4    Minn, A.5
  • 66
    • 0022643668 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine metabolism in microvessels from heart and brain
    • Mistry, G. and Drummond, G.I. (1986) Adenosine metabolism in microvessels from heart and brain. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 18, 13-22.
    • (1986) J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. , vol.18 , pp. 13-22
    • Mistry, G.1    Drummond, G.I.2
  • 67
    • 0023128717 scopus 로고
    • Localization of adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase complexing protein in rabbit brain
    • Schrader, W.P., West, C.A. and Strominger, N.L. (1987) Localization of adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase complexing protein in rabbit brain. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 35, 443-451.
    • (1987) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.35 , pp. 443-451
    • Schrader, W.P.1    West, C.A.2    Strominger, N.L.3
  • 68
    • 0021952697 scopus 로고
    • Identification of hypoxanthine transport and xanthine oxidase activity in brain capillaries
    • Betz, A.L. (1985) Identification of hypoxanthine transport and xanthine oxidase activity in brain capillaries. J. Neurochem. 44, 574-579.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem. , vol.44 , pp. 574-579
    • Betz, A.L.1
  • 69
    • 0007954433 scopus 로고
    • Site-specific drug delivery via prodrugs
    • H. Bundgaard (Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Stella, V. and Himmelstein, K.J. (1985) Site-specific drug delivery via prodrugs. In: H. Bundgaard (Ed.), Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 177-198.
    • (1985) Design of Prodrugs , pp. 177-198
    • Stella, V.1    Himmelstein, K.J.2
  • 70
    • 0019276096 scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs and site-specific delivery
    • Stella, V.J. and Himmelstein, K.J. (1980) Prodrugs and site-specific delivery. J. Med. Chem. 23, 1275-1282.
    • (1980) J. Med. Chem. , vol.23 , pp. 1275-1282
    • Stella, V.J.1    Himmelstein, K.J.2
  • 71
    • 0007906779 scopus 로고
    • Critique of prodrugs and site specific delivery
    • H. Bundgaard, A.B. Hansen and H. Kofod (Eds), Munksgaard, Copenhagen
    • Stella, V.J. and Himmelstein, K.J. (1982) Critique of prodrugs and site specific delivery. In: H. Bundgaard, A.B. Hansen and H. Kofod (Eds), Optimization of Drug Delivery (Alfred Benzon Symposium), Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 134-155.
    • (1982) Optimization of Drug Delivery (Alfred Benzon Symposium) , pp. 134-155
    • Stella, V.J.1    Himmelstein, K.J.2
  • 72
    • 0024673329 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of drug targeting: Steady-state considerations using a three-compartment model
    • Boddy, A., Aarons, L. and Petrak, K. (1989) Efficiency of drug targeting: steady-state considerations using a three-compartment model. Pharm. Res. 6, 367-372.
    • (1989) Pharm. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 367-372
    • Boddy, A.1    Aarons, L.2    Petrak, K.3
  • 73
    • 0023488488 scopus 로고
    • Theory and practice of site-specific drug delivery
    • Tomlinson, E. (1987) Theory and practice of site-specific drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1, 87-164.
    • (1987) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 87-164
    • Tomlinson, E.1
  • 75
    • 0022518134 scopus 로고
    • The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features
    • Navia, B.A., Jordan, B.D. and Price, R.W. (1986) The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann. Neurol. 19, 517-524.
    • (1986) Ann. Neurol. , vol.19 , pp. 517-524
    • Navia, B.A.1    Jordan, B.D.2    Price, R.W.3
  • 76
  • 77
    • 0023781683 scopus 로고
    • The AIDS dementia complex
    • Price, R.W. and Brew, B.J. (1988) The AIDS dementia complex. J. Infect. Dis. 158, 1079-1083.
    • (1988) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.158 , pp. 1079-1083
    • Price, R.W.1    Brew, B.J.2
  • 79
    • 0025784908 scopus 로고
    • Probenecid enhances central nervous system uptake of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine by inhibiting cerebrospinal fluid efflux
    • Galinsky, R.E., Flaharty, K.K., Hoesterey, B.L. and Anderson, B.D. (1991) Probenecid enhances central nervous system uptake of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine by inhibiting cerebrospinal fluid efflux. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 257, 972-978.
    • (1991) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.257 , pp. 972-978
    • Galinsky, R.E.1    Flaharty, K.K.2    Hoesterey, B.L.3    Anderson, B.D.4
  • 80
    • 0025267249 scopus 로고
    • Uptake kinetics of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine into brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats: Intravenous infusion studies
    • Anderson, B.D., Hoesterey, B.L., Baker, D.C. and Galinsky, R.E. (1990) Uptake kinetics of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine into brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats: intravenous infusion studies. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253, 113-118.
    • (1990) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.253 , pp. 113-118
    • Anderson, B.D.1    Hoesterey, B.L.2    Baker, D.C.3    Galinsky, R.E.4
  • 84
    • 0026675554 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system targeting of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine via adenosine deaminase-activated 6-halo-dideoxypurine prodrugs
    • Morgan, M.E., Chi, S.-C., Murakami, K., Mitsuya, H. and Anderson, B.D. (1992) Central nervous system targeting of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine via adenosine deaminase-activated 6-halo-dideoxypurine prodrugs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36, 2156-2165.
    • (1992) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.36 , pp. 2156-2165
    • Morgan, M.E.1    Chi, S.-C.2    Murakami, K.3    Mitsuya, H.4    Anderson, B.D.5
  • 85
    • 0025768562 scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli mediated biosynthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity of lipophilic 6-halo-2′,3′-dideoxypurine nucleosides
    • Murakami, K., Shirasaka, T., Yoshioka, H., Kojima, E., Aoki, S., Ford, H., Jr., Driscoll, J.S., Kelley, J.A. and Mitsuya, H. (1991) Escherichia coli mediated biosynthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity of lipophilic 6-halo-2′,3′-dideoxypurine nucleosides. J. Med. Chem. 34, 1606-1612.
    • (1991) J. Med. Chem. , vol.34 , pp. 1606-1612
    • Murakami, K.1    Shirasaka, T.2    Yoshioka, H.3    Kojima, E.4    Aoki, S.5    Ford H., Jr.6    Driscoll, J.S.7    Kelley, J.A.8    Mitsuya, H.9
  • 87
    • 0007960915 scopus 로고
    • Lipophilic 6-halo-2′,3′-dideoxypurine nucleosides: Potential antiretroviral agents targeting HIV-associated neurologic disorders
    • A. Kumar (Ed.), Plenum Press, New York
    • Shirasaka, T., Watanabe, K., Yoshioka, H., Kojima, E., Aoki, S., Murakami, K. and Mitsuya, H. (1991) Lipophilic 6-halo-2′,3′-dideoxypurine nucleosides: potential antiretroviral agents targeting HIV-associated neurologic disorders. In: A. Kumar (Ed.), Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Treatment for AIDS, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 323-333.
    • (1991) Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Treatment for AIDS , pp. 323-333
    • Shirasaka, T.1    Watanabe, K.2    Yoshioka, H.3    Kojima, E.4    Aoki, S.5    Murakami, K.6    Mitsuya, H.7
  • 88
    • 0025562041 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of ddI in plasma, brain, and csf of rats after administration of ddI and an ester prodrug of ddI
    • Anderson, B.D., Hoesterey, B.L., Baker, D.C. and Galinsky, R.E. (1990) Kinetics of ddI in plasma, brain, and csf of rats after administration of ddI and an ester prodrug of ddI. Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci. 616, 472-474.
    • (1990) Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci. , vol.616 , pp. 472-474
    • Anderson, B.D.1    Hoesterey, B.L.2    Baker, D.C.3    Galinsky, R.E.4
  • 89
    • 0016829830 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic amino acids and the nature of L-dopa transport at the blood-brain barrier
    • Wade, L.A. and Katzman, R. (1975) Synthetic amino acids and the nature of L-dopa transport at the blood-brain barrier. J. Neurochem. 25, 837-842.
    • (1975) J. Neurochem. , vol.25 , pp. 837-842
    • Wade, L.A.1    Katzman, R.2
  • 90
    • 0017735746 scopus 로고
    • Diet and uptake of Aldomet into brain: Competition with natural large neutral amino acids
    • Markovitz, D.C. and Fernstrom, J.D. (1977) Diet and uptake of Aldomet into brain: competition with natural large neutral amino acids. Science 197, 1014-1015.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 1014-1015
    • Markovitz, D.C.1    Fernstrom, J.D.2
  • 91
    • 0023130976 scopus 로고
    • Facilitated transport of melphalan at the rat blood-brain barrier by the large neutral amino acid carrier system
    • Greig, N., Momma, S., Sweeney, D., Smith, Q. and Rapoport, S. (1987) Facilitated transport of melphalan at the rat blood-brain barrier by the large neutral amino acid carrier system. Cancer Res. 47, 1571-1576.
    • (1987) Cancer Res. , vol.47 , pp. 1571-1576
    • Greig, N.1    Momma, S.2    Sweeney, D.3    Smith, Q.4    Rapoport, S.5
  • 92
    • 0023856450 scopus 로고
    • Comparative brain and plasma pharmacokinetics and anticancer activities of chlorambucil and melphalan in the rat
    • Greig, N.H., Sweeney, D.J. and Rapoport, S.I. (1988) Comparative brain and plasma pharmacokinetics and anticancer activities of chlorambucil and melphalan in the rat. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 21, 1-8.
    • (1988) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.21 , pp. 1-8
    • Greig, N.H.1    Sweeney, D.J.2    Rapoport, S.I.3
  • 93
    • 0026605172 scopus 로고
    • Melphalan penetration of the blood-brain barrier via the neutral amino acid transporter in tumor bearing brain
    • Cornford, E.M., Young, D., Paxton, J.W., Finlay, G.J., Wilson, W.R. and Pardridge. W.M. (1992) Melphalan penetration of the blood-brain barrier via the neutral amino acid transporter in tumor bearing brain. Cancer Res. 52, 138-143.
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 138-143
    • Cornford, E.M.1    Young, D.2    Paxton, J.W.3    Finlay, G.J.4    Wilson, W.R.5    Pardridge, W.M.6
  • 94
    • 0025232539 scopus 로고
    • Acivicin transport across brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers: A model of the blood-brain barrier
    • Chastain, I.E. and Borchardt, R.T. (1990) Acivicin transport across brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers: a model of the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci. Res. Commun. 6, 51-55.
    • (1990) Neurosci. Res. Commun. , vol.6 , pp. 51-55
    • Chastain, I.E.1    Borchardt, R.T.2
  • 95
    • 0025102846 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of central nervous system toxicity of the antitumor antibiotic acivicin by concomitant infusion of an amino acid mixture
    • Williams, M.G., Earhart, R.H., Bailey, H. and McGovren, J.P. (1990) Prevention of central nervous system toxicity of the antitumor antibiotic acivicin by concomitant infusion of an amino acid mixture. Cancer Res. 50, 5475-5480.
    • (1990) Cancer Res. , vol.50 , pp. 5475-5480
    • Williams, M.G.1    Earhart, R.H.2    Bailey, H.3    McGovren, J.P.4
  • 96
    • 0026039484 scopus 로고
    • Affinity of antineoplastic amino acid drugs for the large neutral amino acid transporter of the blood-brain barrier
    • Takada, Y., Greig, N.H., Vistica, D.T., Rapoport, S.I. and Smith, Q.R. (1991) Affinity of antineoplastic amino acid drugs for the large neutral amino acid transporter of the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 29, 89-94.
    • (1991) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.29 , pp. 89-94
    • Takada, Y.1    Greig, N.H.2    Vistica, D.T.3    Rapoport, S.I.4    Smith, Q.R.5
  • 97
    • 0025782641 scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective transport of baclofen across the blood-brain barrier in the rats as determined by the unit impulse response methodology
    • van Bree, J.B.M.M., Heijligers-Feijen, C.D., de Boer, A.G., Danhof, M. and Breimer, D.D. (1991) Stereoselective transport of baclofen across the blood-brain barrier in the rats as determined by the unit impulse response methodology. Pharm. Res. 8, 259-262.
    • (1991) Pharm. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 259-262
    • Van Bree, J.B.M.M.1    Heijligers-Feijen, C.D.2    De Boer, A.G.3    Danhof, M.4    Breimer, D.D.5
  • 98
    • 0023752149 scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated transport of baclofen across monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells in primary culture
    • van Bree, J.B.M.M., Audus, K.L. and Borchardt, R.T. (1988) Carrier-mediated transport of baclofen across monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells in primary culture. Pharm. Res. 5, 369-371.
    • (1988) Pharm. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 369-371
    • Van Bree, J.B.M.M.1    Audus, K.L.2    Borchardt, R.T.3
  • 100
    • 0024554262 scopus 로고
    • Facilitated transport of benzylpenicillin through the blood-brain barrier in rats
    • Suzuki, H., Sawada, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Iga, T. and Hanano, M. (1989) Facilitated transport of benzylpenicillin through the blood-brain barrier in rats. J. Pharmacobio-Dyn. 12, 182.
    • (1989) J. Pharmacobio-Dyn. , vol.12 , pp. 182
    • Suzuki, H.1    Sawada, Y.2    Sugiyama, Y.3    Iga, T.4    Hanano, M.5
  • 101
    • 0023173661 scopus 로고
    • Ceftriaxone transport through the blood-brain barrier
    • Spector, R. (1987) Ceftriaxone transport through the blood-brain barrier. J. Infect. Dis. 156, 209-211.
    • (1987) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.156 , pp. 209-211
    • Spector, R.1
  • 103
    • 0021807216 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier transport of valproic acid
    • Cornford, E.M., Diep, C.P. and Pardridge, W.M. (1985) Blood-brain barrier transport of valproic acid. J. Neurochem. 44, 1541-1550.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem. , vol.44 , pp. 1541-1550
    • Cornford, E.M.1    Diep, C.P.2    Pardridge, W.M.3
  • 104
    • 0025989302 scopus 로고
    • Transport of monocarboxylic acids at the blood-brain barrier: Studies with monolayers of primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells
    • Terasaki, T., Takakuwa, S., Moritani, S. and Tsuji, A. (1991) Transport of monocarboxylic acids at the blood-brain barrier: Studies with monolayers of primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 258, 932-937.
    • (1991) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.258 , pp. 932-937
    • Terasaki, T.1    Takakuwa, S.2    Moritani, S.3    Tsuji, A.4
  • 105
    • 0025955822 scopus 로고
    • Delivering peptides to the central nervous system: Dilemmas and strategies
    • Banks, W.A., Kastin, A.J. and Barrera, C.M. (1991) Delivering peptides to the central nervous system: Dilemmas and strategies. Pharm. Res. 8, 1345-1350.
    • (1991) Pharm. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 1345-1350
    • Banks, W.A.1    Kastin, A.J.2    Barrera, C.M.3
  • 106
    • 0023251540 scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Saturable transport of peptides across the blood-brain barrier
    • Banks, W.A. and Kastin, A.J. (1987) Minireview: Saturable transport of peptides across the blood-brain barrier. Life Sci. 41, 1319-1338.
    • (1987) Life Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1319-1338
    • Banks, W.A.1    Kastin, A.J.2
  • 107
    • 0028641491 scopus 로고
    • Peptides and the blood-brain barrier: The status of our understanding
    • Begley, D.J. (1994) Peptides and the blood-brain barrier: The status of our understanding. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 739, 89-100.
    • (1994) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.739 , pp. 89-100
    • Begley, D.J.1
  • 109
    • 0022556678 scopus 로고
    • 18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography
    • 18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Ann. Neurol. 20, 258-262.
    • (1986) Ann. Neurol. , vol.20 , pp. 258-262
    • Leenders, K.L.1    Poewe, W.H.2    Palmer, A.J.3
  • 110
    • 0023154936 scopus 로고
    • Melphalan concentration dependent plasma protein binding in healthy humans and rats
    • Greig, N.H., Sweeney, D.J. and Rapoport, S.I. (1987) Melphalan concentration dependent plasma protein binding in healthy humans and rats. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 32, 179-185.
    • (1987) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 179-185
    • Greig, N.H.1    Sweeney, D.J.2    Rapoport, S.I.3
  • 111
    • 0001658070 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery to the brain by blood-brain barrier circumvention and drug modification
    • E.A. Neuwelt (Ed.), Plenum, New York
    • Greig, N.H. (1989) Drug delivery to the brain by blood-brain barrier circumvention and drug modification. In: E.A. Neuwelt (Ed.), Implications of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Manipulation, Plenum, New York, pp. 311-367.
    • (1989) Implications of the Blood-brain Barrier and Its Manipulation , pp. 311-367
    • Greig, N.H.1
  • 112
    • 0023634699 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier
    • Smith, Q.R., Momma, S., Aoyagi, M. and Rapoport, S.I. (1987) Kinetics of neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier. J. Neurochem. 49, 1651-1658.
    • (1987) J. Neurochem. , vol.49 , pp. 1651-1658
    • Smith, Q.R.1    Momma, S.2    Aoyagi, M.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 113
    • 0026708467 scopus 로고
    • Rapid high-affinity transport of a chemotherapeutic amino acid across the blood-brain barrier
    • Takada, Y., Vistica, D.T., Greig, N.H., Purdon, D., Rapoport, S.I. and Smith, Q.R. (1992) Rapid high-affinity transport of a chemotherapeutic amino acid across the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Res. 52, 2191-2196.
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 2191-2196
    • Takada, Y.1    Vistica, D.T.2    Greig, N.H.3    Purdon, D.4    Rapoport, S.I.5    Smith, Q.R.6
  • 114
    • 0022773674 scopus 로고
    • Transport and cytotoxicity of amino acid nitrogen mustards: Implications for design of more selective antitumor agents
    • Vistica, D.T., Ahmad, S., Fuller, R. and Hill, J. (1986) Transport and cytotoxicity of amino acid nitrogen mustards: implications for design of more selective antitumor agents. Fed. Proc. 45, 2447-2450.
    • (1986) Fed. Proc. , vol.45 , pp. 2447-2450
    • Vistica, D.T.1    Ahmad, S.2    Fuller, R.3    Hill, J.4
  • 115
    • 0002870158 scopus 로고
    • Drug entry into the brain and its pharmacologic manipulation
    • M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Greig, N.H. (1992) Drug entry into the brain and its pharmacologic manipulation. In: M.W.B. Bradbury (Ed.), Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 487-523.
    • (1992) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-brain Barrier , pp. 487-523
    • Greig, N.H.1
  • 116
    • 0028299081 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery via active transport at the blood-brain barrier: Affinity of a prodrug of phosphonoformate for the large amino acid transporter
    • Walker, I., Nicholls, D., Irwin, W.J. and Freeman, S. (1994) Drug delivery via active transport at the blood-brain barrier: Affinity of a prodrug of phosphonoformate for the large amino acid transporter. Int. J. Pharm. 104, 157-167.
    • (1994) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.104 , pp. 157-167
    • Walker, I.1    Nicholls, D.2    Irwin, W.J.3    Freeman, S.4
  • 117
    • 37049124719 scopus 로고
    • The acid-catalysed decarboxylation of phosphonoformic acid
    • Warren, S. and Williams, M.R. (1971) The acid-catalysed decarboxylation of phosphonoformic acid. J. Chem. Soc. B 618-621.
    • (1971) J. Chem. Soc. B , pp. 618-621
    • Warren, S.1    Williams, M.R.2
  • 118
    • 37049089790 scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs of phosphonoformate: Products, kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of dibenzyl (methoxycarbonyl)phosphonate
    • Mitchell, A.G., Nicholls, D., Walker, I., Irwin, W.J. and Freeman, S. (1991) Prodrugs of phosphonoformate: Products, kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of dibenzyl (methoxycarbonyl)phosphonate. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1297-1303.
    • (1991) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 1297-1303
    • Mitchell, A.G.1    Nicholls, D.2    Walker, I.3    Irwin, W.J.4    Freeman, S.5
  • 119
    • 37049067781 scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs of phosphonoformate: The effect of para-substituents on the products, kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of dibenzyl (methoxycarbonyl)phosphonate
    • Mitchell, A.G., Nicholls, D., Irwin, W.J. and Freeman, S. (1992) Prodrugs of phosphonoformate: The effect of para-substituents on the products, kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of dibenzyl (methoxycarbonyl)phosphonate. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1145-1151.
    • (1992) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 1145-1151
    • Mitchell, A.G.1    Nicholls, D.2    Irwin, W.J.3    Freeman, S.4
  • 120
    • 37049068350 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis of phosphonoformate triesters: Rate acceleration of a millionfold in nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus
    • Krol, E.S. and Thatcher, G.R.J. (1993) Hydrolysis of phosphonoformate triesters: Rate acceleration of a millionfold in nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus. J. Chem. Perkin Trans. 2, 793-794.
    • (1993) J. Chem. Perkin Trans. , vol.2 , pp. 793-794
    • Krol, E.S.1    Thatcher, G.R.J.2
  • 121
    • 0025962413 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis of phosphonoformate esters: Product distribution and reactivity patterns
    • Krol, E.S., Davis, J.M. and Thatcher, G.R.J. (1991) Hydrolysis of phosphonoformate esters: Product distribution and reactivity patterns. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 118-119.
    • (1991) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , pp. 118-119
    • Krol, E.S.1    Davis, J.M.2    Thatcher, G.R.J.3
  • 122
    • 0028225130 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery via active transport at the blood-brain barrier: II. Investigation of monocarboxylic acid transport in vitro
    • Walker, I., Nicholls. D., Irwin, W.J. and Freeman, S. (1994) Drug delivery via active transport at the blood-brain barrier: II. Investigation of monocarboxylic acid transport in vitro. Int. J. Pharm. 108, 225-232.
    • (1994) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.108 , pp. 225-232
    • Walker, I.1    Nicholls, D.2    Irwin, W.J.3    Freeman, S.4
  • 123
    • 0025814856 scopus 로고
    • Lipophilic glycosyl phosphotriester derivatives of AZT: Synthesis, NMR transmembrane transport study, and antiviral activity
    • Henin, Y., Gouyette, C., Schwartz, O., Debouzy, J.-C., Neumann, J.-M. and Huynh-Dinh, T. (1991) Lipophilic glycosyl phosphotriester derivatives of AZT: synthesis, NMR transmembrane transport study, and antiviral activity. J. Med. Chem. 34, 1830-1837.
    • (1991) J. Med. Chem. , vol.34 , pp. 1830-1837
    • Henin, Y.1    Gouyette, C.2    Schwartz, O.3    Debouzy, J.-C.4    Neumann, J.-M.5    Huynh-Dinh, T.6
  • 124
    • 0026784584 scopus 로고
    • Improved brain delivery of AZT using a glycosyl phosphotriester prodrug
    • Namane, A., Gouyette, C., Fillion, M.-P., Fillion, G. and Huynh-Dinh, T. (1992) Improved brain delivery of AZT using a glycosyl phosphotriester prodrug. J. Med. Chem. 35, 3039-3044.
    • (1992) J. Med. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 3039-3044
    • Namane, A.1    Gouyette, C.2    Fillion, M.-P.3    Fillion, G.4    Huynh-Dinh, T.5
  • 125
    • 0025804094 scopus 로고
    • Structure-metabolism relationships in the hydrolysis of nicotinate esters by rat liver and brain subcellular fractions
    • Durrer, A., Walther, B., Racciatti, A., Boss, G. and Testa, B. (1991) Structure-metabolism relationships in the hydrolysis of nicotinate esters by rat liver and brain subcellular fractions. Pharm. Res. 8, 832-839.
    • (1991) Pharm. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 832-839
    • Durrer, A.1    Walther, B.2    Racciatti, A.3    Boss, G.4    Testa, B.5
  • 126
    • 0026672150 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced delivery of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine to the brain parenchyma
    • Ghosh, M.K. and Mitra, A.K. (1992) Enhanced delivery of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine to the brain parenchyma. Pharm. Res. 9, 1173-1176.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 1173-1176
    • Ghosh, M.K.1    Mitra, A.K.2
  • 127
    • 0026767958 scopus 로고
    • Brain parenchymal metabolism of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and 5′-ester prodrugs
    • Ghosh, M.K. and Mitra, A.K. (1992) Brain parenchymal metabolism of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and 5′-ester prodrugs. Pharm. Res. 9, 1048-1052.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 1048-1052
    • Ghosh, M.K.1    Mitra, A.K.2
  • 128
    • 0026009116 scopus 로고
    • Dose dependence in the plasma pharmacokinetics and uptake kinetics of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) into brain and csf of rats
    • Hoesterey, B.L., Galinsky, R.E. and Anderson, B.D. (1991) Dose dependence in the plasma pharmacokinetics and uptake kinetics of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) into brain and csf of rats. Drug Metab. Dispos. 19, 907-912.
    • (1991) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.19 , pp. 907-912
    • Hoesterey, B.L.1    Galinsky, R.E.2    Anderson, B.D.3
  • 129
    • 0026544017 scopus 로고
    • Competitive inhibition of zidovudine clearance by probenecid during continuous coadministration
    • Wong, S.L., Hedaya, M.A. and Sawchuk, R.J. (1992) Competitive inhibition of zidovudine clearance by probenecid during continuous coadministration. Pharm. Res. 9, 228-235.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 228-235
    • Wong, S.L.1    Hedaya, M.A.2    Sawchuk, R.J.3
  • 130
    • 0025140975 scopus 로고
    • Brain and cerebrospinal fluid uptake of zidovudine (AZT) in rats after intravenous injection
    • Galinsky, R.E., Hoesterey, B.L. and Anderson, B.D. (1990) Brain and cerebrospinal fluid uptake of zidovudine (AZT) in rats after intravenous injection. Life Sci. 47, 781-788.
    • (1990) Life Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 781-788
    • Galinsky, R.E.1    Hoesterey, B.L.2    Anderson, B.D.3
  • 131
    • 0028294236 scopus 로고
    • Active efflux of zidovudine and 2′,3′-di-deoxyinosine out of the cerebrospinal fluid when administered alone and in combination to the Macaca nemestrina
    • Tuntland, T., Ravasco, R.J., Al-Habet, S. and Unadkat, J.D. (1993) Active efflux of zidovudine and 2′,3′-di-deoxyinosine out of the cerebrospinal fluid when administered alone and in combination to the Macaca nemestrina. Pharm. Res. 11, 312-317.
    • (1993) Pharm. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 312-317
    • Tuntland, T.1    Ravasco, R.J.2    Al-Habet, S.3    Unadkat, J.D.4
  • 132
    • 0024953619 scopus 로고
    • Effect of probenecid on the renal and nonrenal clearances of zidovudine and its distribution into cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit
    • Hedaya, M.A. and Sawchuk, R.J. (1989) Effect of probenecid on the renal and nonrenal clearances of zidovudine and its distribution into cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit. J. Pharm, Sci. 78, 716-722.
    • (1989) J. Pharm, Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 716-722
    • Hedaya, M.A.1    Sawchuk, R.J.2
  • 133
    • 0029013672 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine transport in the rabbit brain during intravenous and intracerebroventricular infusion
    • Wang, Y. and Sawchuk, R.J. (1995) Zidovudine transport in the rabbit brain during intravenous and intracerebroventricular infusion. J. Pharm. Sci. 84, 871-876.
    • (1995) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 871-876
    • Wang, Y.1    Sawchuk, R.J.2
  • 134
    • 0028352346 scopus 로고
    • Adamantane as a brain-directed drug carrier for poorly absorbed drug. 2. AZT derivatives conjugated with the 1-adamantane moiety
    • Tsuzuki, N., Hama, T., Kawada, M., Hasui, A., Konishi, R., Shiwa, S., Ochi, Y., Futaki, S. and Kitagawa, K. (1994) Adamantane as a brain-directed drug carrier for poorly absorbed drug. 2. AZT derivatives conjugated with the 1-adamantane moiety. J. Pharm. Sci. 83, 481-484.
    • (1994) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 481-484
    • Tsuzuki, N.1    Hama, T.2    Kawada, M.3    Hasui, A.4    Konishi, R.5    Shiwa, S.6    Ochi, Y.7    Futaki, S.8    Kitagawa, K.9
  • 135
    • 0022972882 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of protein binding determine rates of uptake of drugs by brain
    • Robinson, P.J. and Rapoport, S.I. (1986) Kinetics of protein binding determine rates of uptake of drugs by brain. Am. J. Physiol. 351, R1212-R1220.
    • (1986) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.351
    • Robinson, P.J.1    Rapoport, S.I.2
  • 137
    • 0027793559 scopus 로고
    • Use of a biophysical-kinetic model to understand the roles of protein binding and membrane partitioning on passive diffusion of highly lipophilic molecules across cellular barriers
    • Raub, T.J., Barsuhn, C.L., Williams, L.R., Decker, D.E., Sawada, G.A. and Ho, N.F.H. (1993) Use of a biophysical-kinetic model to understand the roles of protein binding and membrane partitioning on passive diffusion of highly lipophilic molecules across cellular barriers. J. Drug Target. 1, 269-286.
    • (1993) J. Drug Target. , vol.1 , pp. 269-286
    • Raub, T.J.1    Barsuhn, C.L.2    Williams, L.R.3    Decker, D.E.4    Sawada, G.A.5    Ho, N.F.H.6
  • 138
    • 0025316477 scopus 로고
    • Brain uptakes and anticancer activities of vincristine and vinblastine are restricted by their low cerebrovascular permeability and binding to plasma constituents in rat
    • Greig, N.H., Soncrant, T.T., Shetty, H.U., Momma, S. and Smith, Q.R. (1990) Brain uptakes and anticancer activities of vincristine and vinblastine are restricted by their low cerebrovascular permeability and binding to plasma constituents in rat. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 26, 263-268.
    • (1990) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.26 , pp. 263-268
    • Greig, N.H.1    Soncrant, T.T.2    Shetty, H.U.3    Momma, S.4    Smith, Q.R.5
  • 139
    • 0025165113 scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of seven lipophilic chlorambucil esters designed for brain penetration
    • Greig, N.H., Genka, S., Daly, E.M., Sweeney, D.J. and Rapoport, S.I. (1990) Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of seven lipophilic chlorambucil esters designed for brain penetration. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 25, 311-319.
    • (1990) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 311-319
    • Greig, N.H.1    Genka, S.2    Daly, E.M.3    Sweeney, D.J.4    Rapoport, S.I.5
  • 141
    • 0025165113 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil-tertiary butyl ester, a lipophilic chlorambucil derivative that achieves and maintains high concentrations in brain
    • Greig, N.H., Daly, E.M., Sweeney, D.J. and Rapoport, S.I. (1990) Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil-tertiary butyl ester, a lipophilic chlorambucil derivative that achieves and maintains high concentrations in brain. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 25, 311-319.
    • (1990) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 311-319
    • Greig, N.H.1    Daly, E.M.2    Sweeney, D.J.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 142
    • 0343289668 scopus 로고
    • Administration of GABA to man: Systemic effect and anticonvulsant action
    • E. Roberts (Ed.), Pergamon Press, New York
    • Tower, D.B. (1960) Administration of GABA to man: Systemic effect and anticonvulsant action. In: E. Roberts (Ed.), Inhibition in the Nervous System and GABA, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 562-578.
    • (1960) Inhibition in the Nervous System and GABA , pp. 562-578
    • Tower, D.B.1
  • 143
    • 0002586092 scopus 로고
    • The inhibitory action of β-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid upon the seizure following stimulation of the motor cortex of the dog
    • Lond.
    • Hayashi, T. (1959) The inhibitory action of β-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid upon the seizure following stimulation of the motor cortex of the dog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 145, 570-578.
    • (1959) J. Physiol. , vol.145 , pp. 570-578
    • Hayashi, T.1
  • 144
    • 0021991097 scopus 로고
    • γ-Aminobutyric acid esters. 2. Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological properties of lipid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid
    • Jacob, J.N., Shashoua, V.E., Campbell, A. and Baldessarini, R.J. (1985) γ-Aminobutyric acid esters. 2. Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological properties of lipid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid. J. Med. Chem. 28, 106-110.
    • (1985) J. Med. Chem. , vol.28 , pp. 106-110
    • Jacob, J.N.1    Shashoua, V.E.2    Campbell, A.3    Baldessarini, R.J.4
  • 145
    • 0025181707 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological properties of a glyceryl lipid containing GABA and the GABA-T inhibitor γ-vinyl-GABA
    • Jacob, J.N., Hesse, G.W. and Shashoua, V.E. (1990) Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological properties of a glyceryl lipid containing GABA and the GABA-T inhibitor γ-vinyl-GABA. J. Med. Chem. 33, 733-736.
    • (1990) J. Med. Chem. , vol.33 , pp. 733-736
    • Jacob, J.N.1    Hesse, G.W.2    Shashoua, V.E.3
  • 146
    • 0021337779 scopus 로고
    • γ-Aminobutyric acid esters. 1. Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological studies of aliphatic and steroid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid
    • Shashoua, V.E., Jacob, J.N., Ridge, R., Campbell, A. and Baldessarini, R.J. (1984) γ-Aminobutyric acid esters. 1. Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological studies of aliphatic and steroid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid. J. Med. Chem. 27, 659-664.
    • (1984) J. Med. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 659-664
    • Shashoua, V.E.1    Jacob, J.N.2    Ridge, R.3    Campbell, A.4    Baldessarini, R.J.5
  • 147
    • 0023904002 scopus 로고
    • Uptake in brain and neurophysiological activity of two lipid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid
    • Hesse, G.W., Jacob, J.N. and Shashoua, V.E. (1988) Uptake in brain and neurophysiological activity of two lipid esters of γ-aminobutyric acid. Neuropharmacology 27, 637-640.
    • (1988) Neuropharmacology , vol.27 , pp. 637-640
    • Hesse, G.W.1    Jacob, J.N.2    Shashoua, V.E.3
  • 148
    • 0021990487 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of cholesteryl γ-aminobutyrate on evoked activity in rat hippocampal slices
    • Hesse, G.W., Shashoua, V.E. and Jacob, J.N. (1985) Inhibitory effect of cholesteryl γ-aminobutyrate on evoked activity in rat hippocampal slices. Neuropharmacology 24, 139-146.
    • (1985) Neuropharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 139-146
    • Hesse, G.W.1    Shashoua, V.E.2    Jacob, J.N.3
  • 149
    • 0025938728 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic activity of 1,3-dihexadecanoylamino-2-valproyl-propan-2-ol, a prodrug of valproic acid endowed with a tropism for the central nervous system
    • Mergen, F., Lambert, D.M., Goncalves Saraiva, J.C., Poupaert, J.H. and Dumont, P. (1991) Antiepileptic activity of 1,3-dihexadecanoylamino-2-valproyl-propan-2-ol, a prodrug of valproic acid endowed with a tropism for the central nervous system. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 43, 815-816.
    • (1991) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.43 , pp. 815-816
    • Mergen, F.1    Lambert, D.M.2    Goncalves Saraiva, J.C.3    Poupaert, J.H.4    Dumont, P.5
  • 150
    • 0018168207 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of valproate across the interface between blood and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Frey, H.H. and Loscher, W. (1978) Distribution of valproate across the interface between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropharmacology 17, 637-642.
    • (1978) Neuropharmacology , vol.17 , pp. 637-642
    • Frey, H.H.1    Loscher, W.2
  • 151
    • 0002307481 scopus 로고
    • Valproate absorption, distribution and excretion
    • D.M. Woodbury, J.K. Penry and C.E. Pippenger (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Levy, H.R. and Lai, A.A. (1982) Valproate absorption, distribution and excretion. In: D.M. Woodbury, J.K. Penry and C.E. Pippenger (Eds), Antiepileptic Drugs, Raven Press, New York, pp. 555-563.
    • (1982) Antiepileptic Drugs , pp. 555-563
    • Levy, H.R.1    Lai, A.A.2
  • 152
    • 0002754470 scopus 로고
    • Valproate toxicity
    • R.H. Levy, F.E. Dreifuss, R.H. Mattson, B.S. Meldrum and J.K. Penry (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Dreifuss, F.E. (1989) Valproate toxicity. In: R.H. Levy, F.E. Dreifuss, R.H. Mattson, B.S. Meldrum and J.K. Penry (Eds), Antiepileptic Drugs, 3rd Edn, Raven Press, New York, pp. 643-651.
    • (1989) Antiepileptic Drugs, 3rd Edn , pp. 643-651
    • Dreifuss, F.E.1
  • 153
    • 0022002801 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evaluation of various metabolites and derivatives of valproic acid
    • Loscher, W. and Nau, H. (1985) Pharmacological evaluation of various metabolites and derivatives of valproic acid. Neuropharmacology 24, 427-435.
    • (1985) Neuropharmacology , vol.24 , pp. 427-435
    • Loscher, W.1    Nau, H.2
  • 154
    • 0025774314 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and anticonvulsant activity of three monoesteric prodrugs of valproic acid
    • Badir, K., Haj-Yehia, A., Vree, T.B., van der Kleijn, E. and Bialer, M. (1991) Pharmacokinetics and anticonvulsant activity of three monoesteric prodrugs of valproic acid. Pharm. Res. 8, 750-753.
    • (1991) Pharm. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 750-753
    • Badir, K.1    Haj-Yehia, A.2    Vree, T.B.3    Van Der Kleijn, E.4    Bialer, M.5
  • 155
    • 4243215167 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic analysis of esteric prodrugs of valproic acid
    • Salim, H., Badir, K., Haj Yehia, A. and Bialer, M. (1990) Pharmacokinetic analysis of esteric prodrugs of valproic acid. Pharm. Res. 7, S222.
    • (1990) Pharm. Res. , vol.7
    • Salim, H.1    Badir, K.2    Haj Yehia, A.3    Bialer, M.4
  • 157
    • 0023181886 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of aminopeptidase M in rat brain and periphery: Relationship of enzyme localization and enkephalin metabolism
    • Hersh, L.B., Aboukhair, N. and Watson, S. (1987) Immunohistochemical localization of aminopeptidase M in rat brain and periphery: Relationship of enzyme localization and enkephalin metabolism. Peptides 8, 523-532.
    • (1987) Peptides , vol.8 , pp. 523-532
    • Hersh, L.B.1    Aboukhair, N.2    Watson, S.3
  • 158
    • 0023263412 scopus 로고
    • Major localization of aminopeptidase M in rat brain microvessels
    • Solhonne, B., Gros, C., Pollard, H. and Schwartz, J.C. (1987) Major localization of aminopeptidase M in rat brain microvessels. Neuroscience 22, 225-232.
    • (1987) Neuroscience , vol.22 , pp. 225-232
    • Solhonne, B.1    Gros, C.2    Pollard, H.3    Schwartz, J.C.4
  • 159
    • 0002648181 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of neuropeptides
    • A.J. Kenny and A.J. Turner (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Turner, A.J., Hooper, N.M. and Kenny, A.J. (1987) Metabolism of neuropeptides. In: A.J. Kenny and A.J. Turner (Eds), Mammalian Ectoenzymes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 221-241.
    • (1987) Mammalian Ectoenzymes , pp. 221-241
    • Turner, A.J.1    Hooper, N.M.2    Kenny, A.J.3
  • 160
    • 0018073489 scopus 로고
    • High affinity enkephalin-degrading peptidase in brain is increased after morphine
    • Malfroy, B., Swerts, J.P., Guyon, A., Roques, B.P. and Schwartz, J.-C. (1978) High affinity enkephalin-degrading peptidase in brain is increased after morphine. Nature 276, 523-526.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.276 , pp. 523-526
    • Malfroy, B.1    Swerts, J.P.2    Guyon, A.3    Roques, B.P.4    Schwartz, J.-C.5
  • 161
    • 0018598524 scopus 로고
    • Enkephalin degradation in mouse brain studied by a new HPLC method: Further evidence for the involvement of a carboxydipeptidase
    • Guyon, A., Roques, B.P., Guyon, F., Foucault, A., Perdrisot, R., Swerts, J.P. and Schwartz, J.C. (1979) Enkephalin degradation in mouse brain studied by a new HPLC method: further evidence for the involvement of a carboxydipeptidase. Life Sci. 25, 1605-1612.
    • (1979) Life Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 1605-1612
    • Guyon, A.1    Roques, B.P.2    Guyon, F.3    Foucault, A.4    Perdrisot, R.5    Swerts, J.P.6    Schwartz, J.C.7
  • 162
    • 0021849522 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the membrane-bound aminopeptidase from rat brain: Identification of the enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase
    • Hersh, L.B. (1985) Characterization of the membrane-bound aminopeptidase from rat brain: identification of the enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase. J. Neurochem. 44, 1427-1435.
    • (1985) J. Neurochem. , vol.44 , pp. 1427-1435
    • Hersh, L.B.1
  • 164
    • 0017186323 scopus 로고
    • Mode of deactivation of the enkephalins by rat and human plasma and rat brain homogenates
    • Hambrook, J.M., Morgan, B.A., Rance, M.J. and Smith, C.F. (1976) Mode of deactivation of the enkephalins by rat and human plasma and rat brain homogenates. Nature 262, 782-782.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.262 , pp. 782-782
    • Hambrook, J.M.1    Morgan, B.A.2    Rance, M.J.3    Smith, C.F.4
  • 165
    • 0022624772 scopus 로고
    • 5)enkephalin in brain slices using peptidase inhibitors and anti-amino-peptidase N antibodies
    • 5)enkephalin in brain slices using peptidase inhibitors and anti-amino-peptidase N antibodies. Mol. Pharmacol. 29, 281-287.
    • (1986) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.29 , pp. 281-287
    • Giros, B.1    Gros, C.2    Solhonne, B.3    Schwartz, J.-C.4
  • 166
    • 0022929969 scopus 로고
    • Enkephalin degrading enzyme inhibitors: A physiological way to new analgesics and psychoactive agents
    • Roques, B.P. and Fournie-Zaluski, M. (1986) Enkephalin degrading enzyme inhibitors: a physiological way to new analgesics and psychoactive agents. NIDA Monogr. Ser. 70, 128-154.
    • (1986) NIDA Monogr. Ser. , vol.70 , pp. 128-154
    • Roques, B.P.1    Fournie-Zaluski, M.2
  • 167
    • 0022539095 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of enkephalinase: The next generation of analgesics
    • Chipkin, R.E. (1986) Inhibitors of enkephalinase: the next generation of analgesics. Drugs Future 11, 593-607.
    • (1986) Drugs Future , vol.11 , pp. 593-607
    • Chipkin, R.E.1
  • 171
    • 0027525658 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic potency of S-acetylthiorphan after intravenous administration to mice
    • Lambert, S.M., Mergen, F., Poupaert, J.H. and Dumont, P. (1993) Analgesic potency of S-acetylthiorphan after intravenous administration to mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 243, 129-134.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.243 , pp. 129-134
    • Lambert, S.M.1    Mergen, F.2    Poupaert, J.H.3    Dumont, P.4
  • 172
    • 0026659612 scopus 로고
    • 'Mixed inhibitor-prodrug' as a new approach toward systemically active inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes
    • Fournie-Zaluski, M.-C., Coric, P., Turcaud, S., Lucas, E., Noble, F., Maldonado, R. and Roques, B.P. (1992) 'Mixed inhibitor-prodrug' as a new approach toward systemically active inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes. J. Med. Chem. 35, 2473-2481.
    • (1992) J. Med. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 2473-2481
    • Fournie-Zaluski, M.-C.1    Coric, P.2    Turcaud, S.3    Lucas, E.4    Noble, F.5    Maldonado, R.6    Roques, B.P.7
  • 173
    • 0028942269 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 2-[S-acetylthiorphan]-1,3-diacylaminopropan-2-ol derivatives as chimeric lipid drug carriers containing an enkephalinase inhibitor
    • Lambert, D.M., Mergen, F., Berens, C.F., Poupaert, J.H. and Dumont, P.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 187-191
    • Lambert, D.M.1    Mergen, F.2    Berens, C.F.3    Poupaert, J.H.4    Dumont, P.5
  • 174
    • 0026704581 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the enkephalin-metabolizing enzymes by the first systemically active mixed inhibitor prodrug RB 101 induces potent analgesic responses in mice and rats
    • Noble, F., Soleilhac, J.M., Soroca-Lucas, E., Turcaud, S., Fournie-Zaluski, M.C. and Roques, B.P. (1992) Inhibition of the enkephalin-metabolizing enzymes by the first systemically active mixed inhibitor prodrug RB 101 induces potent analgesic responses in mice and rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 261, 181-190.
    • (1992) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.261 , pp. 181-190
    • Noble, F.1    Soleilhac, J.M.2    Soroca-Lucas, E.3    Turcaud, S.4    Fournie-Zaluski, M.C.5    Roques, B.P.6
  • 176
    • 0026452062 scopus 로고
    • Relative lipophilicities and structural-pharmacological considerations of various angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
    • Ranadive, S.A., Chen, A.X. and Serajuddin, A.T.M. (1992) Relative lipophilicities and structural-pharmacological considerations of various angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Pharm. Res. 9, 1480-1486.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 1480-1486
    • Ranadive, S.A.1    Chen, A.X.2    Serajuddin, A.T.M.3
  • 177
    • 0024347554 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of converting enzyme in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats after oral treatment with converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Gohlke, P., Urbach, H., Scholkens, B. and Unger, T. (1989) Inhibition of converting enzyme in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats after oral treatment with converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249, 609-616.
    • (1989) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.249 , pp. 609-616
    • Gohlke, P.1    Urbach, H.2    Scholkens, B.3    Unger, T.4
  • 179
    • 0342419962 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of peptide delivery to brain by chemical modification: [D-Ala2] Leu-enkephalin conjugated with 1-adamantane
    • Kimura, T., Koike, T., Onogawa, M., Kurosaki, Y., Nakayama, T., Konishi, R., Mizobuchi, N. and Kitagawa, K. (1993) Improvement of peptide delivery to brain by chemical modification: [D-Ala2] Leu-enkephalin conjugated with 1-adamantane. Drug Deliv. Syst. 8, 181-91.
    • (1993) Drug Deliv. Syst. , vol.8 , pp. 181-191
    • Kimura, T.1    Koike, T.2    Onogawa, M.3    Kurosaki, Y.4    Nakayama, T.5    Konishi, R.6    Mizobuchi, N.7    Kitagawa, K.8
  • 181
    • 0025155151 scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs of peptides. 6. Bioreversible derivatives of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) with increased lipophilicity and resistance to cleavage by the TRH-specific serum enzyme
    • Bundgaard, H. and Moss, J. (1990) Prodrugs of peptides. 6. Bioreversible derivatives of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) with increased lipophilicity and resistance to cleavage by the TRH-specific serum enzyme. Pharm. Res. 7, 885-892.
    • (1990) Pharm. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 885-892
    • Bundgaard, H.1    Moss, J.2
  • 182
    • 0018386217 scopus 로고
    • Influence of inhibitors of the high affinity GABA uptake on seizure thresholds in mice
    • Frey, H.H., Popp, C. and Loscher, W. (1979) Influence of inhibitors of the high affinity GABA uptake on seizure thresholds in mice, Neuropharmacology 18, 581-590.
    • (1979) Neuropharmacology , vol.18 , pp. 581-590
    • Frey, H.H.1    Popp, C.2    Loscher, W.3
  • 183
    • 0017696937 scopus 로고
    • Effects of areca nut constituents arecaidine and guvacine on the action of GABA in the cat central nervous system
    • Lodge, D., Johansen, G.A.R., Curtis, D.R. and Brand, S.. (1977) Effects of areca nut constituents arecaidine and guvacine on the action of GABA in the cat central nervous system. Brain Res. 136, 513-522.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.136 , pp. 513-522
    • Lodge, D.1    Johansen, G.A.R.2    Curtis, D.R.3    Brand, S.4
  • 184
    • 0021147730 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant activity of the nipecotic acid ester, (±)-m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidine carboxylate
    • Hinko, C.N., Seibert, K. and Crider, A.M. (1984) Anticonvulsant activity of the nipecotic acid ester, (±)-m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidine carboxylate. Neuropharmacology 23, 1009-1014.
    • (1984) Neuropharmacology , vol.23 , pp. 1009-1014
    • Hinko, C.N.1    Seibert, K.2    Crider, A.M.3
  • 185
    • 0023920282 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of prodrug esters of nipecotic acid
    • Hinko, C.N., Crider, A.M. and Wood, J.D. (1988) A comparison of prodrug esters of nipecotic acid. Neuropharmacology 27, 475-483.
    • (1988) Neuropharmacology , vol.27 , pp. 475-483
    • Hinko, C.N.1    Crider, A.M.2    Wood, J.D.3
  • 186
    • 0021690808 scopus 로고
    • γ-Aminobutyric acid uptake inhibition and anticonvulsant activity of nipecotic acid esters
    • Crider, A.M., Wood, J.D., Tschappat, K.D., Hinko, C.N. and Seibert, K. (1984) γ-Aminobutyric acid uptake inhibition and anticonvulsant activity of nipecotic acid esters. J. Pharm. Sci. 73, 1612-1616.
    • (1984) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 1612-1616
    • Crider, A.M.1    Wood, J.D.2    Tschappat, K.D.3    Hinko, C.N.4    Seibert, K.5
  • 187
    • 0020463362 scopus 로고
    • Esters of nipecotic acid and iso-nipecotic acid as potential anticonvulsants
    • Crider, A.M., Tita, J.D., Wood, J.D. and Hinko, C.N. (1982) Esters of nipecotic acid and iso-nipecotic acid as potential anticonvulsants J. Pharm. Sci. 71, 1214-1219.
    • (1982) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Crider, A.M.1    Tita, J.D.2    Wood, J.D.3    Hinko, C.N.4
  • 188
    • 0023723476 scopus 로고
    • QSAR analysis of chemical and serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl ester prodrugs of nipecotic acid
    • Altomar, C., Carotti, A., Cellamare, S., Ferappi, M., Cagiano, R. and Renna, G. (1988) QSAR analysis of chemical and serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl ester prodrugs of nipecotic acid. Int. J. Pharm. 48, 91-102.
    • (1988) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.48 , pp. 91-102
    • Altomar, C.1    Carotti, A.2    Cellamare, S.3    Ferappi, M.4    Cagiano, R.5    Renna, G.6
  • 189
    • 0028455012 scopus 로고
    • Chemical delivery systems and prodrugs of anticonvulsive drugs
    • Shek, E. (1994) Chemical delivery systems and prodrugs of anticonvulsive drugs. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 14, 227-241.
    • (1994) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 227-241
    • Shek, E.1
  • 190
    • 0027175851 scopus 로고
    • Determination of m-nitrophenol and nipecotic acid in mouse tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography after administration of the anticonvulsant m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidinecarboxylate hydrochloride
    • Nassereddine-Sebaei, M., Crider, A.M., Carroll, R.T. and Hinko, C.N. (1993) Determination of m-nitrophenol and nipecotic acid in mouse tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography after administration of the anticonvulsant m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidinecarboxylate hydrochloride. J. Pharm. Sci. 82, 39-43.
    • (1993) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 39-43
    • Nassereddine-Sebaei, M.1    Crider, A.M.2    Carroll, R.T.3    Hinko, C.N.4
  • 191
    • 0018349607 scopus 로고
    • Detection of the in vivo conversion of 2-pyrrolidinone to γ-aminobutyric acid in mouse brain
    • Callery, P.S., Stogniew, M. and Geelhaar, L.A. (1979) Detection of the in vivo conversion of 2-pyrrolidinone to γ-aminobutyric acid in mouse brain. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 6, 23-26.
    • (1979) Biomed. Mass Spectrom. , vol.6 , pp. 23-26
    • Callery, P.S.1    Stogniew, M.2    Geelhaar, L.A.3
  • 192
    • 0018253460 scopus 로고
    • 2-Pyrrolidinone - A cyclization product of γ-aminobutyric acid detected in mouse brain
    • Callery, P.S., Geelhaar, L.A. and Stogniew, M. (1978) 2-Pyrrolidinone - a cyclization product of γ-aminobutyric acid detected in mouse brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 27, 2061-2063.
    • (1978) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.27 , pp. 2061-2063
    • Callery, P.S.1    Geelhaar, L.A.2    Stogniew, M.3
  • 193
    • 0025963645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivatives
    • Sasaki, H., Mori, Y., Nakamura, J. and Shibasaki, J. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivatives. J. Med. Chem. 34, 628-633.
    • J. Med. Chem. , vol.34 , pp. 628-633
    • Sasaki, H.1    Mori, Y.2    Nakamura, J.3    Shibasaki, J.4
  • 194
    • 0029020746 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic analysis and antiepileptic activity of N-valproyl derivatives of GABA and glycine
    • Hadad, S. and Bialer, M. (1995) Pharmacokinetic analysis and antiepileptic activity of N-valproyl derivatives of GABA and glycine. Pharm. Res. 12, 905-910.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 905-910
    • Hadad, S.1    Bialer, M.2
  • 195
    • 0024264721 scopus 로고
    • Amplification by glycine of the effect of the GABA transport inhibitor THPO on synaptosomal GABA level
    • Wood, J.D., Krogsgaard-Larsen, P. and Schousboe, A. (1988) Amplification by glycine of the effect of the GABA transport inhibitor THPO on synaptosomal GABA level. Neurochem. Res. 13, 917-921.
    • (1988) Neurochem. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 917-921
    • Wood, J.D.1    Krogsgaard-Larsen, P.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 196
    • 0021706538 scopus 로고
    • Glycine potentiates the action of some anticonvulsant drugs in some seizure models
    • Toth, E. and Lajtha, A. (1984) Glycine potentiates the action of some anticonvulsant drugs in some seizure models. Neurochem. Res. 8, 1711-1718.
    • (1984) Neurochem. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 1711-1718
    • Toth, E.1    Lajtha, A.2
  • 197
    • 0021280506 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic anticonvulsant effects of a GABA agonist and glycine
    • Seiler, N. and Sarhan, S. (1984) Synergistic anticonvulsant effects of a GABA agonist and glycine. Gen. Pharmacol. 15, 367-369.
    • (1984) Gen. Pharmacol. , vol.15 , pp. 367-369
    • Seiler, N.1    Sarhan, S.2
  • 198
    • 0019862359 scopus 로고
    • Dipropylacetic acid plasma levels; diurnal fluctuation during chronic treatment with dipropylacetamide
    • Pisani, F., Fazio, A., Oteri, G. and Di Perri, R. (1981) Dipropylacetic acid plasma levels; diurnal fluctuation during chronic treatment with dipropylacetamide. Ther. Drug Monit. 3, 297-301.
    • (1981) Ther. Drug Monit. , vol.3 , pp. 297-301
    • Pisani, F.1    Fazio, A.2    Oteri, G.3    Di Perri, R.4
  • 199
    • 0025248831 scopus 로고
    • The disposition of valpromide in rats and the isolated perfused rat liver
    • Billig, H., Ziv, E., Bar-On, H. and Bialer, M. (1990) The disposition of valpromide in rats and the isolated perfused rat liver. Drug. Metab. Dispos. 18, 238-244.
    • (1990) Drug. Metab. Dispos. , vol.18 , pp. 238-244
    • Billig, H.1    Ziv, E.2    Bar-On, H.3    Bialer, M.4
  • 200
    • 0026099272 scopus 로고
    • The γ-hydroxybutyrate model of absence seizures: Correlation of regional brain levels of γ-hydroxybutyric acid and γ-butyrolactone with spike wave discharges
    • Snead III, O.C. (1991) The γ-hydroxybutyrate model of absence seizures: Correlation of regional brain levels of γ-hydroxybutyric acid and γ-butyrolactone with spike wave discharges. Neuropharmacology 30, 161-167.
    • (1991) Neuropharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 161-167
    • Snead O.C. III1
  • 201
    • 77956922959 scopus 로고
    • Carboxylic ester hydrolases
    • P. Boyer (Ed.), Academic Press, London
    • Krisch, K. (1971) Carboxylic ester hydrolases. In: P. Boyer (Ed.), The Enzymes, Vol. 5, Academic Press, London, pp. 43-69.
    • (1971) The Enzymes , vol.5 , pp. 43-69
    • Krisch, K.1
  • 202
    • 0004262303 scopus 로고
    • Academic Press, New York
    • Dixon, M. and Webb, E. (1979) Enzymes, Academic Press, New York.
    • (1979) Enzymes
    • Dixon, M.1    Webb, E.2
  • 203
    • 0023225184 scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa esters as potential prodrugs: Behavioural activity in experimental models of Parkinson's disease
    • Cooper, D.R., Marrel, C., Van de Waterbeemd, H., Testa, B., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. (1987) L-Dopa esters as potential prodrugs: behavioural activity in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 39, 627-635.
    • (1987) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.39 , pp. 627-635
    • Cooper, D.R.1    Marrel, C.2    Van De Waterbeemd, H.3    Testa, B.4    Jenner, P.5    Marsden, C.D.6
  • 204
    • 0023582840 scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa esters as potential prodrugs: Effect on brain concentration of dopamine metabolites in reserpinized mice
    • Cooper, D.R., Marrel, C., Van de Waterbeemd, H., Testa, B., Jenner, P. and Marsden, C.D. (1987) L-Dopa esters as potential prodrugs: effect on brain concentration of dopamine metabolites in reserpinized mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 39, 809-818.
    • (1987) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.39 , pp. 809-818
    • Cooper, D.R.1    Marrel, C.2    Van De Waterbeemd, H.3    Testa, B.4    Jenner, P.5    Marsden, C.D.6
  • 205
    • 0024603946 scopus 로고
    • The double prodrug concept and its applications
    • Bundgaard, H. (1989) The double prodrug concept and its applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 3, 39-66.
    • (1989) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.3 , pp. 39-66
    • Bundgaard, H.1
  • 206
    • 0028339390 scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-690,488, a prodrug of the bisphosphonate inositol monophosphatase inhibitor L-690,300, on phosphatidylinositol cycle markers
    • Atack, J.R., Prior, A.M., Fletcher, S.R., Quirk, K., McKernan, R. and Ragan, C.I. (1994) Effects of L-690,488, a prodrug of the bisphosphonate inositol monophosphatase inhibitor L-690,300, on phosphatidylinositol cycle markers. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270, 70-76.
    • (1994) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.270 , pp. 70-76
    • Atack, J.R.1    Prior, A.M.2    Fletcher, S.R.3    Quirk, K.4    McKernan, R.5    Ragan, C.I.6
  • 207
    • 0027458537 scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo inhibition of inositol monophosphatase by the bisphosphonate L-690,330
    • Atack, J.R., Cook, S.M., Watt, A.P., Fletcher, S.r. and Ragan. C.I. (1993) In vitro and in vivo inhibition of inositol monophosphatase by the bisphosphonate L-690,330. J. Neurochem. 60, 652-658.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.60 , pp. 652-658
    • Atack, J.R.1    Cook, S.M.2    Watt, A.P.3    Fletcher, S.R.4    Ragan, C.I.5
  • 208
    • 77956483651 scopus 로고
    • Purine, purine nucleoside, and purine nucleotide aminohydrolases
    • P. Boyer (Ed.), Academic Press, London
    • Zielke, C.L. and Suelter, C.H. (1971) Purine, Purine Nucleoside, and Purine Nucleotide Aminohydrolases. In: P. Boyer (Ed.), The Enzymes, Vol. 4, Academic Press, London, pp. 47-78.
    • (1971) The Enzymes , vol.4 , pp. 47-78
    • Zielke, C.L.1    Suelter, C.H.2
  • 209
    • 0017084726 scopus 로고
    • Human adenosine deaminase. Distribution and properties
    • Van der Weyden, M.B. and Kelley, W.N. (1976) Human adenosine deaminase. Distribution and properties. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 5448-5456.
    • (1976) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.251 , pp. 5448-5456
    • Van Der Weyden, M.B.1    Kelley, W.N.2
  • 210
    • 50549198581 scopus 로고
    • A study of the tissue distribution of adenosine deaminase in six mammal species
    • Brady, T.G. and O'Donovan, C.I. (1965) A study of the tissue distribution of adenosine deaminase in six mammal species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 14, 101-120.
    • (1965) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.14 , pp. 101-120
    • Brady, T.G.1    O'Donovan, C.I.2
  • 212
    • 0023120542 scopus 로고
    • Activity of adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis and follow-up of tuberculous meningitis in adults
    • Ribera, E., Martinez-Vazquez, J.M., Ocana, I., Segura, R.M. and Pascual, C. (1987) Activity of adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis and follow-up of tuberculous meningitis in adults. J. Infect. Dis. 155, 603-607.
    • (1987) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.155 , pp. 603-607
    • Ribera, E.1    Martinez-Vazquez, J.M.2    Ocana, I.3    Segura, R.M.4    Pascual, C.5
  • 213
    • 0021173694 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine deaminase levels in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis
    • Malan, C., Donald, P.R., Golden, M. and Taljaard, J.J.F. (1984) Adenosine deaminase levels in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 33-40.
    • (1984) J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.87 , pp. 33-40
    • Malan, C.1    Donald, P.R.2    Golden, M.3    Taljaard, J.J.F.4
  • 217
    • 0024217859 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system dysfunction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • M.L. Rosemblum, R.M. Levy and D.E. Bredesens (Eds), Raven Press, New York
    • Levy, R.M. and Bredesen, D.E. (1988) Central nervous system dysfunction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In: M.L. Rosemblum, R.M. Levy and D.E. Bredesens (Eds), AIDS and the Nervous System, Raven Press, New York, pp. 29-63.
    • (1988) AIDS and the Nervous System , pp. 29-63
    • Levy, R.M.1    Bredesen, D.E.2
  • 218
    • 0023832296 scopus 로고
    • The brain and AIDS: Central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex
    • Price, R.W., Brew, B.J., Sidtis, J., Rosenblum, M., Scheck, A.C. and Cleary, P. (1988) The brain and AIDS: Central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex. Science 239, 586-592.
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 586-592
    • Price, R.W.1    Brew, B.J.2    Sidtis, J.3    Rosenblum, M.4    Scheck, A.C.5    Cleary, P.6
  • 219
    • 0027096948 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and therapy of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system
    • Geleziunas, R., Schipper, H.M. and Wainberg, M.A. (1992) Pathogenesis and therapy of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system. AIDS 6, 1411-1426.
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 1411-1426
    • Geleziunas, R.1    Schipper, H.M.2    Wainberg, M.A.3
  • 220
    • 0014216947 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine aminohydrolase. Binding and hydrolysis of 2- and 6-substituted purine ribonucleosides and 9-substituted adenine nucleosides
    • Chassy, B.M. and Suhadolnik, R.J. (1967) Adenosine aminohydrolase. Binding and hydrolysis of 2- and 6-substituted purine ribonucleosides and 9-substituted adenine nucleosides. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3655-3658.
    • (1967) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.242 , pp. 3655-3658
    • Chassy, B.M.1    Suhadolnik, R.J.2
  • 223
    • 0028905177 scopus 로고
    • Lipophilic, acid-stable, adenosine deaminase-activated anti-HIV prodrugs for central nervous system delivery. 2. 6-halo and 6-alkoxy prodrugs of 2′-β-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyinosine
    • Ford, H., Jr., Siddiqui, M.A., Driscoll, J.S., Marquez, V.E., Kelley, J.A., Mitsuya, H. and Shirasaka, T. (1995) Lipophilic, acid-stable, adenosine deaminase-activated anti-HIV prodrugs for central nervous system delivery. 2. 6-halo and 6-alkoxy prodrugs of 2′-β-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyinosine. J. Med. Chem. 38, 1189-1195.
    • (1995) J. Med. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Ford H., Jr.1    Siddiqui, M.A.2    Driscoll, J.S.3    Marquez, V.E.4    Kelley, J.A.5    Mitsuya, H.6    Shirasaka, T.7
  • 225
    • 0023203860 scopus 로고
    • 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-ara-A. An acid-stable purine nucleoside active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    • Marquez, V.E., Tseng, C.K.-H., Kelley, J.A., Mitsuya, H., Broder, S., Roth, J.S. and Driscoll, J.S. (1987) 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-ara-A. An acid-stable purine nucleoside active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Biochem. Pharmacol. 36, 2719-2722.
    • (1987) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , pp. 2719-2722
    • Marquez, V.E.1    Tseng, C.K.-H.2    Kelley, J.A.3    Mitsuya, H.4    Broder, S.5    Roth, J.S.6    Driscoll, J.S.7
  • 226
    • 0029078140 scopus 로고
    • Comparative brain exposure to (-)-carbovir after (-)-carbovir or (-)-6-aminocarbovir intravenous infusion in rats
    • Wen, Y.-D., Remmel, R.P., Pham, P.T., Vince, R. and Zimmerman, C.L. (1995) Comparative brain exposure to (-)-carbovir after (-)-carbovir or (-)-6-aminocarbovir intravenous infusion in rats. Pharm. Res. 12, 911-915.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 911-915
    • Wen, Y.-D.1    Remmel, R.P.2    Pham, P.T.3    Vince, R.4    Zimmerman, C.L.5
  • 227
    • 0029151512 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced oral bioavailability of ddI after administration of 6-Cl-ddP, an adenosine deaminase-activated prodrug, to chronically catheterized rats
    • Anderson, B.D., Morgan, M.E. and Singhal, D. (1995) Enhanced oral bioavailability of ddI after administration of 6-Cl-ddP, an adenosine deaminase-activated prodrug, to chronically catheterized rats. Pharm. Res. 12, 1126-1133.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1126-1133
    • Anderson, B.D.1    Morgan, M.E.2    Singhal, D.3
  • 229
    • 0025122369 scopus 로고
    • Potent DNA chain termination activity and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase by 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate
    • Hao, Z., Cooney, D.A., Farquhar, D., Perno, C.F., Zhang, K., Masood, R., Wilson, Y., Hartman, N.R., Balzarini, J. and Johns, D.G. (1990) Potent DNA chain termination activity and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase by 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate. Mol. Pharmacol. 37, 157-163.
    • (1990) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.37 , pp. 157-163
    • Hao, Z.1    Cooney, D.A.2    Farquhar, D.3    Perno, C.F.4    Zhang, K.5    Masood, R.6    Wilson, Y.7    Hartman, N.R.8    Balzarini, J.9    Johns, D.G.10
  • 230
    • 0024592935 scopus 로고
    • Differential patterns of intracellular metabolism of 2′3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine and 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine, two potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus compounds
    • Balzarini, J., Herdewijn, P. and De Clercq, E. (1989) Differential patterns of intracellular metabolism of 2′3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine and 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine, two potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus compounds. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6127-6133.
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.264 , pp. 6127-6133
    • Balzarini, J.1    Herdewijn, P.2    De Clercq, E.3
  • 232
    • 0023502171 scopus 로고
    • 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine: Regulation of its metabolism and anti-retroviral potency by natural pyrimidine nucleosides and by inhibitors of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
    • Balzarini, J., Cooney, D.A., Dalal, M., Kang, G.-J., Cupp, J.E., De Clercq, E., Broder, S. and Johns, D.G. (1987) 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine: regulation of its metabolism and anti-retroviral potency by natural pyrimidine nucleosides and by inhibitors of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Mol. Pharmacol. 32, 789-806.
    • (1987) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 789-806
    • Balzarini, J.1    Cooney, D.A.2    Dalal, M.3    Kang, G.-J.4    Cupp, J.E.5    De Clercq, E.6    Broder, S.7    Johns, D.G.8
  • 233
    • 0023143478 scopus 로고
    • Cellular metabolism of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine, a compound active against human immunodeficiency virus in vitro
    • Starnes, M.C. and Cheng, Y.-C. (1987) Cellular metabolism of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine, a compound active against human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 988-991.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 988-991
    • Starnes, M.C.1    Cheng, Y.-C.2
  • 234
    • 0023808097 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic pathways for the activation of the antiretroviral agent 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine in human lymphoid cells
    • Johnson, M.A., Ahluwalia, G., Connelly, M.C., Cooney, D.A., Broder, S., Johns, D.G. and Fridland, A. (1988) Metabolic pathways for the activation of the antiretroviral agent 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine in human lymphoid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15354-15357.
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.263 , pp. 15354-15357
    • Johnson, M.A.1    Ahluwalia, G.2    Connelly, M.C.3    Cooney, D.A.4    Broder, S.5    Johns, D.G.6    Fridland, A.7
  • 235
    • 0024435381 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine by cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase of human lymphoid cells
    • . Johnson, M. and Fridland, A. (1989) Phosphorylation of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine by cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase of human lymphoid cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 36, 291-295.
    • (1989) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.36 , pp. 291-295
    • Johnson, M.1    Fridland, A.2
  • 238
    • 0026710273 scopus 로고
    • Potential prodrug derivatives of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides. Preparations and antiviral activities
    • Mullah, K.B., Rao, T.S., Balzarini, J., De Clercq, E. and Bentrude, W.G. (1992) Potential prodrug derivatives of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides. Preparations and antiviral activities. J. Med. Chem. 35, 2728-2735.
    • (1992) J. Med. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 2728-2735
    • Mullah, K.B.1    Rao, T.S.2    Balzarini, J.3    De Clercq, E.4    Bentrude, W.G.5
  • 239
    • 0001279409 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some novel substituted dialkyl phosphate derivatives of AZT and dd Cyd
    • McGuigan, C., O'Connor, T.J., Nicholls, S.R., Nickson, C. and Kinchington, D. (1990) Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some novel substituted dialkyl phosphate derivatives of AZT and dd Cyd. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 1, 355-360.
    • (1990) Antiviral Chem. Chemother. , vol.1 , pp. 355-360
    • McGuigan, C.1    O'Connor, T.J.2    Nicholls, S.R.3    Nickson, C.4    Kinchington, D.5
  • 240
    • 0026646563 scopus 로고
    • Phosphate derivatives of AZT display enhanced selectivity of action against HIV1 by comparison to the parent nucleoside
    • McGuigan, C., Nickson, C., Petrik, J. and Karpas, A. (1992) Phosphate derivatives of AZT display enhanced selectivity of action against HIV1 by comparison to the parent nucleoside. FEBS Lett. 310, 171-174.
    • (1992) FEBS Lett. , vol.310 , pp. 171-174
    • McGuigan, C.1    Nickson, C.2    Petrik, J.3    Karpas, A.4
  • 241
    • 0027284753 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular delivery of bioactive AZT nucleotides by aryl phosphate derivatives of AZT
    • McGuigan, C., Pathirana, R.N., Balzarini, J. and De Clercq, E. (1993) Intracellular delivery of bioactive AZT nucleotides by aryl phosphate derivatives of AZT. J. Med. Chem. 36, 1048-1052.
    • (1993) J. Med. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 1048-1052
    • McGuigan, C.1    Pathirana, R.N.2    Balzarini, J.3    De Clercq, E.4
  • 242
    • 0025162418 scopus 로고
    • Lipid conjugates of antiviral agents I. Azidothymidine-monophosphate-diglyeride: Anti-HIV activity, physical properties, and interaction with plasma proteins
    • Steim, J.M., Neto, C.C., Sarin, P.S., Sun, D.K., Sehgal, R.K. and Turcotte, J.G. (1990) Lipid conjugates of antiviral agents I. Azidothymidine-monophosphate-diglyeride: anti-HIV activity, physical properties, and interaction with plasma proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171, 451-457.
    • (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.171 , pp. 451-457
    • Steim, J.M.1    Neto, C.C.2    Sarin, P.S.3    Sun, D.K.4    Sehgal, R.K.5    Turcotte, J.G.6
  • 244
    • 0028360815 scopus 로고
    • Nucleoside-ether lipid conjugates as biotransformed prodrugs of antitumor and antiviral nucleosides
    • Hong, C.I., West, C.R., Bernacki. R.J. and Chu, C.K. (1994) Nucleoside-ether lipid conjugates as biotransformed prodrugs of antitumor and antiviral nucleosides. J. Lipid Mediators Cell Signalling 10, 159-161.
    • (1994) J. Lipid Mediators Cell Signalling , vol.10 , pp. 159-161
    • Hong, C.I.1    West, C.R.2    Bernacki, R.J.3    Chu, C.K.4
  • 245
    • 0002528914 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of some novel dialkyl phosphate derivatives of 3′-modified nucleosides as potential anti-AIDS drugs
    • McGuigan, C., Nicholls, S.R., O'Connor, T.J. and Kinchington, D. (1990) Synthesis of some novel dialkyl phosphate derivatives of 3′-modified nucleosides as potential anti-AIDS drugs. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 1, 25-33.
    • (1990) Antiviral Chem. Chemother. , vol.1 , pp. 25-33
    • McGuigan, C.1    Nicholls, S.R.2    O'Connor, T.J.3    Kinchington, D.4
  • 247
    • 0002414321 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen free radicals and the brain microvasculature
    • W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), Raven Press, New York
    • Betz, A.L. (1993) Oxygen free radicals and the brain microvasculature. In: W.M. Pardridge (Ed.), The Blood-Brain Barrier, Raven Press, New York, pp. 303-321.
    • (1993) The Blood-brain Barrier , pp. 303-321
    • Betz, A.L.1
  • 249
    • 0000417337 scopus 로고
    • Molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydrolases and related enzymes
    • P.O. Boyer, H. Lardy and K. Myrbacks (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Bray, R.C. (1975) Molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydrolases and related enzymes. In: P.O. Boyer, H. Lardy and K. Myrbacks (Eds), The Enzymes, 2nd Edn, Academic Press, New York, pp. 533-556.
    • (1975) The Enzymes, 2nd Edn , pp. 533-556
    • Bray, R.C.1
  • 251
    • 0001334482 scopus 로고
    • The species distribution of xanthine oxidase
    • Al-Khalidi, U.A.S. and Chaglassian, T.H. (1965) The species distribution of xanthine oxidase. Biochem. J. 97, 318-320.
    • (1965) Biochem. J. , vol.97 , pp. 318-320
    • Al-Khalidi, U.A.S.1    Chaglassian, T.H.2
  • 252
    • 0023179545 scopus 로고
    • The disposition of 6-deoxyacyclovir, a xanthine oxidase-activated prodrug of acyclovir, in the isolated perfused rat liver
    • Jones, D.B., Rustgi, V.K., Kornhauser, D.M., Woods, A., Quinn, R., Hoofnagle, J.H. and Jones, E.A. (1987) The disposition of 6-deoxyacyclovir, a xanthine oxidase-activated prodrug of acyclovir, in the isolated perfused rat liver. Hepatology 7, 345-348.
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 345-348
    • Jones, D.B.1    Rustgi, V.K.2    Kornhauser, D.M.3    Woods, A.4    Quinn, R.5    Hoofnagle, J.H.6    Jones, E.A.7
  • 254
    • 0028214975 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced brain delivery of an anti-HIV nucleoside 2′-F-ara-ddI by xanthine oxidase mediated biotransformation
    • Shanmuganathan, K., Koudriakova, T., Nampalli, S., Du, J., Gallo, J.M., Schinazi, R.F. and Chu, C.K. (1994) Enhanced brain delivery of an anti-HIV nucleoside 2′-F-ara-ddI by xanthine oxidase mediated biotransformation. J. Med. Chem. 37, 821-827.
    • (1994) J. Med. Chem. , vol.37 , pp. 821-827
    • Shanmuganathan, K.1    Koudriakova, T.2    Nampalli, S.3    Du, J.4    Gallo, J.M.5    Schinazi, R.F.6    Chu, C.K.7
  • 257
    • 0023404733 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier monoamine oxidase: Enzyme characterization in cerebral microvessels and other tissues from six mammalian species, including humans
    • Kalaria, R.N. and Harik, S.I. (1987) Blood-brain barrier monoamine oxidase: enzyme characterization in cerebral microvessels and other tissues from six mammalian species, including humans. J. Neurochem. 49, 856-864.
    • (1987) J. Neurochem. , vol.49 , pp. 856-864
    • Kalaria, R.N.1    Harik, S.I.2
  • 258
    • 0019390509 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in metabolism and transport properties of capillaries isolated from rat brain
    • Betz, A.L. and Goldstein. G.W. (1981) Developmental changes in metabolism and transport properties of capillaries isolated from rat brain. J. Physiol. 312, 365-376.
    • (1981) J. Physiol. , vol.312 , pp. 365-376
    • Betz, A.L.1    Goldstein, G.W.2
  • 259
    • 0018099679 scopus 로고
    • Influence of age on brain vascular and cardiovascular monoamine oxidase activty in the rat
    • Lai, F.M., Berkowitz, B. and Spector, S. (1978) Influence of age on brain vascular and cardiovascular monoamine oxidase activty in the rat. Life Sci. 22, 2051-2056.
    • (1978) Life Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 2051-2056
    • Lai, F.M.1    Berkowitz, B.2    Spector, S.3
  • 260
    • 0021322021 scopus 로고
    • Ultracytochemical studies of capillary endothelial cells in the rat central nervous system
    • Inomata, K., Yoshioka, T., Nasu, F. and Mayahara, H. (1984) Ultracytochemical studies of capillary endothelial cells in the rat central nervous system. Acta Anal. 118, 243-248.
    • (1984) Acta Anal. , vol.118 , pp. 243-248
    • Inomata, K.1    Yoshioka, T.2    Nasu, F.3    Mayahara, H.4
  • 263
    • 0022444199 scopus 로고
    • Acute and subacute central nervous system effects of milacemide in elderly people: Double-blind placebo controlled quantitative electroencephalography and psychometric investigations
    • Saletu, B., Grünberger, J. and Linzmayer, L. (1986) Acute and subacute central nervous system effects of milacemide in elderly people: Double-blind placebo controlled quantitative electroencephalography and psychometric investigations. Arch. Gerentol. Geriat. 5, 165-182.
    • (1986) Arch. Gerentol. Geriat. , vol.5 , pp. 165-182
    • Saletu, B.1    Grünberger, J.2    Linzmayer, L.3
  • 264
    • 0024849434 scopus 로고
    • Milacemide, a glycine prodrug, enhances performance of learning tasks in normal and amnestic rodents
    • Handelmann, G.E., Nevins, M.E., Mueller, L.L., Arnolde, S.M. and Cordi, A.A. (1989) Milacemide, a glycine prodrug, enhances performance of learning tasks in normal and amnestic rodents. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 34, 823-828.
    • (1989) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.34 , pp. 823-828
    • Handelmann, G.E.1    Nevins, M.E.2    Mueller, L.L.3    Arnolde, S.M.4    Cordi, A.A.5
  • 266
    • 0023948924 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the neurotransmitter glycine from the anticonvulsant milacemide is mediated by brain monoamine oxidase B
    • de Varebeke, P.J., Cavalier, R., David-Ramacle, M. and Youdim, M.B.H. (1988) Formation of the neurotransmitter glycine from the anticonvulsant milacemide is mediated by brain monoamine oxidase B. J. Neurochem. 50, 1011-1016.
    • (1988) J. Neurochem. , vol.50 , pp. 1011-1016
    • De Varebeke, P.J.1    Cavalier, R.2    David-Ramacle, M.3    Youdim, M.B.H.4
  • 267
    • 0027483520 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics and neuropharmacokinetics in individual rats by repetitive withdrawal of blood and cerebrospinal fluid: Milacemide
    • Semba, J., Curzon, G. and Patsalos, P.N. (1993) Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics and neuropharmacokinetics in individual rats by repetitive withdrawal of blood and cerebrospinal fluid: milacemide. Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 1117-1124.
    • (1993) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.108 , pp. 1117-1124
    • Semba, J.1    Curzon, G.2    Patsalos, P.N.3
  • 268
    • 0025687232 scopus 로고
    • Some pharmacological implications of MAO-mediated deamination of branched aliphatic amines: 2-propyl-1-aminopentane and N-(2-propylpentyl)glycinamide as valproic acid precursors
    • Yu, P.H. and Davis, B.A. (1990) Some pharmacological implications of MAO-mediated deamination of branched aliphatic amines: 2-propyl-1-aminopentane and N-(2-propylpentyl)glycinamide as valproic acid precursors. J. Neurol. Transm. Suppl. 32, 89-92.
    • (1990) J. Neurol. Transm. Suppl. , vol.32 , pp. 89-92
    • Yu, P.H.1    Davis, B.A.2
  • 269
    • 0028182811 scopus 로고
    • Deamination of aliphatic amines by type B monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; pharmacological implications
    • Yu, P.H., Davis, B.A., Boulton, A.A. and Zuo, D.M. (1994) Deamination of aliphatic amines by type B monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; pharmacological implications. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 41, 397-406.
    • (1994) J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. , vol.41 , pp. 397-406
    • Yu, P.H.1    Davis, B.A.2    Boulton, A.A.3    Zuo, D.M.4
  • 270
    • 0026352962 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous delivery of valproic acid and glycine to the brain. Deamination of 2-propylpentylglycinamide by monoamine oxidase B
    • Yu, P.H. and Davis, B.A. (1991) Simultaneous delivery of valproic acid and glycine to the brain. Deamination of 2-propylpentylglycinamide by monoamine oxidase B. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 15, 37-49.
    • (1991) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. , vol.15 , pp. 37-49
    • Yu, P.H.1    Davis, B.A.2
  • 272
    • 0023427368 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological and neurochemical properties of N-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylethylamine, a prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine
    • Baker, G.B., Coutts, R.T. and Rao, T.S. (1987) Neuropharmacological and neurochemical properties of N-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylethylamine, a prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine. Br. J. Pharmacol. 92, 243-255.
    • (1987) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.92 , pp. 243-255
    • Baker, G.B.1    Coutts, R.T.2    Rao, T.S.3
  • 273
    • 0023240730 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and neurochemical studies of N-propargyl-2-phenylethylamine, a prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine
    • Rao, T.S., Baker, G.B. and Coutts, R.T. (1987) Pharmacokinetic and neurochemical studies of N-propargyl-2-phenylethylamine, a prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 336, 25-32.
    • (1987) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.336 , pp. 25-32
    • Rao, T.S.1    Baker, G.B.2    Coutts, R.T.3
  • 274
    • 0023265497 scopus 로고
    • N-(3-chloropropyl)phenylethylamine as a possible prodrug of β-phenylethylamine: Studies in the rat brain
    • Rao, T.S., Baker, G.B. and Coutts. R.T. (1987) N-(3-Chloropropyl)phenylethylamine as a possible prodrug of β-phenylethylamine: Studies in the rat brain. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr. 11, 301-308.
    • (1987) Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr. , vol.11 , pp. 301-308
    • Rao, T.S.1    Baker, G.B.2    Coutts, R.T.3
  • 275
    • 0023589169 scopus 로고
    • N,N-dipropargyl-2-phenylethylamine, a potential prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine: Neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies in rat
    • Rao, T.S., Baker, G.B. and Coutts, R.T. (1987) N,N-Dipropargyl-2-phenylethylamine, a potential prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine: Neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies in rat. Brain Res. Bull. 19, 47-55.
    • (1987) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.19 , pp. 47-55
    • Rao, T.S.1    Baker, G.B.2    Coutts, R.T.3
  • 276
    • 0027447597 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacokinetics of two prodrugs of zidovudine in rabbits: Enhanced levels of zidovudine in brain tissue
    • Lupia, R.H., Ferencz, N., Lertora, J.J.L., Aggarwal, S.K., George, W.J. and Agrawal, K.C. (1993) Comparative pharmacokinetics of two prodrugs of zidovudine in rabbits: Enhanced levels of zidovudine in brain tissue. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 818-824.
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 818-824
    • Lupia, R.H.1    Ferencz, N.2    Lertora, J.J.L.3    Aggarwal, S.K.4    George, W.J.5    Agrawal, K.C.6
  • 277
    • 0027246383 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery to brain and the role of carrier-mediated transport
    • L.R. Drewes and A.L. Betz (Eds), Plenum Press, New York
    • Smith, Q.R. (1993) Drug delivery to brain and the role of carrier-mediated transport. In: L.R. Drewes and A.L. Betz (Eds), Frontiers in Cerebral Vascular Biology: Transport and Its Regulation. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 83-100.
    • (1993) Frontiers in Cerebral Vascular Biology: Transport and Its Regulation , pp. 83-100
    • Smith, Q.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.