Expression of the hTERT gene is regulated at the level of transcriptional initiation and repressed by Mad1

Cancer Research

Volumn 60, Issue 8, 2000, Pages 2116-2121

  Günes, Çagatay ^a   Lichtsteiner, Serge ^b   Vasserot, Alain P ^b   Englert, Christoph ^a  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b GERON CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMOSOME REPLICATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE REPRESSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRESSOR GENE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DOWN-REGULATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HALF-LIFE; HUMANS; KINETICS; NEOPLASMS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MYC; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; RNA; RNA STABILITY; RNA, MESSENGER; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS; SEQUENCE DELETION; TELOMERASE; TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRANSFECTION; TRETINOIN; U937 CELLS;

EID: 0343673898     PISSN: 00085472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Allshire, R. C., Dempster, M., and Hastie, N. D. Human telomeres contain at least three types of G-rich repeat distributed non-randomly. Nucleic Acids Res., 17: 4611-4627, 1989.
2. Moyzis, R. K., Buckingham, J. M., Cram, L. S., Dani, M., Deaven, L. L., Jones, M. D., Meyne, J., Ratliff, R. L., and Wu, J. R. A highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence, (TTAGGG)n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 6622-6626, 1988.
3. Vaziri, H., Schachler, F., Uchida, I., Wei, L., Zhu, X., Effros, R., Cohen, D., and Harley, C. B. Loss of telomeric DNA during aging of normal and trisomy 21 human lymphocytes. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 52, 661-667, 1993.
4. Blasco, M. A., Funk, W., Villeponteau, B., and Greider, C. W. Functional characterization and developmental regulation of mouse telomerase RNA. Science (Washington DC), 269: 1267-1270, 1995.
5. Feng, J., Funk, W. D., Wang, S. S., Weinrich, S. L., Avilion, A. A., Chiu, C. P., Adams, R. R., Chang, E., Allsopp, R. C., Yu, J., et al. The RNA component of human telomerase. Science (Washington DC), 269: 1236-1241, 1995.
6. Avilion, A. A., Piatyszek, M. A., Gupta, J., Shay, J. W., Bacchetti, S., and Greider, C. W. Human telomerase RNA and telomerase activity in immortal cell lines and tumor tissues. Cancer Res., 56: 645-650, 1996.
7. Harrington, L., McPhail, T., Mar, V., Zhou, W., Oulton, R., Bass, M. B., Arruda, I., and Robinson, M. O. A mammalian telomerase-associated protein. Science (Washington DC), 275: 973-977, 1997.
8. Nakayama, J., Saito, M., Nakamura, H., Matsuura, A., and Ishikawa, F. TLP1: a gene encoding a protein component of mammalian telomerase is a novel member of WD repeats family. Cell, 88: 875-884, 1997.
9. Nakamura, T. M., Morin, G. B., Chapman, K. B., Weinrich, S. L., Andrews, W. H., Lingner, J., Harley, C. B., and Cech, T. R. Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human. Science (Washington DC), 277: 955-959, 1997.
10. Meyerson, M., Counter, C. M., Eaton, E. N., Ellisen, L. W., Steiner, P., Caddle, S. D., Ziaugra, L., Beijersbergen, R. L., Davidoff, M. J., Liu, Q., Bacchetti, S., Haber, D. A., and Weinberg, R. A. hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. Cell, 90: 785-795, 1997.
11. Kilian, A., Bowtell, D. D., Abud, H. E., Hime, G. R., Venter, D. J., Keese, P. K., Duncan, E. L., Reddel, R. R., and Jefferson, R. A. Isolation of a candidate human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, which reveals complex splicing patterns in different cell types. Hum. Mol. Genet., 6: 2011-2019, 1997.
12. Beattie, T. L., Zhou, W., Robinson, M. O., and Harrington, L. Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro. Curr. Biol., 8: 177-180, 1998.
13. Weinrich, S. L., Pruzan, R., Ma, L., Ouellette, M., Tesmer, V. M., Holt, S. E., Bodnar, A. G., Lichtsteiner, S., Kim, N. W., Trager, J. B., Taylor, R. D., Carlos, R., Andrews, W. H., Wright, W. E., Shay, J. W., Harley, C. B., and Morin, G. B. Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT. Nat. Genet., 17: 498-502, 1997.
14. Nakayama, J., Tahara, H., Tahara, E., Saito, M., Ito, K., Nakamura, H., Nakanishi, T., Ide, T., and Ishikawa, F. Telomerase activation by hTRT in human normal fibroblasts and hepatocellular carcinomas. Nat. Genet., 18: 65-68, 1998.
15. Counter, C. M., Meyerson, M., Eaton, E. N., Ellisen, L. W., Caddle, S. D., Haber, D. A., and Weinberg, R. A. Telomerase activity is restored in human cells by ectopic expression of hTERT (hEST2), the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Oncogene, 16: 1217-1222, 1998.
16. Bodnar, A. G., Ouellette, M., Frolkis, M., Holt, S. E., Chiu, C. P., Morin, G. B., Harley, C. B., Shay, J. W., Lichtsteiner, S., and Wright, W. E. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science (Washington DC), 279: 349-352, 1998.
17. Counter, C. M., Hahn, W. C., Wei, W., Caddle, S. D., Beijershergen, R. L., Lansdorp, P. M., Sedivy, J. M., and Weinberg, R. A. Dissociation among in vitro telomerase activity, telomere maintenance, and cellular immortalization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95: 14723-14728, 1998.
18. Belair, C. D., Yeager, T. R., Lopez, P. M., and Reznikoff, C. A. Telomerase activity: a biomarker of cell proliferation, not malignant transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94: 13677-13682, 1997.
19. Lee, H. W., Blasco, M. A., Gottlieb, G. J., Horner, J. W., II, Greider, C. W., and DePinho, R. A. Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferate organs. Nature (Lond.), 392: 569-574, 1998.
20. Kim, N. W., Piatyszek, M. A., Prowse, K. R., Harley, C. B., West. M. D., Ho, P. L., Coviello, G. M., Wright, W. E., Weinrich, S. L., and Shay, J. W. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science (Washington DC), 266: 2011-2015, 1994.
21. Kolquist, K. A., Ellisen, L. W., Counter, C. M., Meyerson, M., Tan, L. K., Weinberg. R. A., Haber, D. A., and Gerald, W. L. Expression of TERT in early premalignant lesions and a subset of cells in normal tissues. Nat Genet., 19: 182-186, 1998.
22. Greenberg, R. A., O'Hagan, R. C., Deng, H., Xiao, Q., Hann, S. R., Adams, R. R., Lichtsteiner, S., Chin, L., Morin, G. B., and DePinho, R. A. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene is a direct target of c-Myc but is not functionnally equivalent in cellular transformation. Oncogene, 18: 1219-1226, 1999.
23. Greider, C. W. Telomerase activation. One step on the road to cancer? Trends Genet., 15: 109-112, 1999.
24. Wang, J., Xie, L. Y., Allan, S., Beach, D., and Hannon, G. J. Myc activates telomerase. Genes Dev., 12: 1769-1774, 1998.
25. Wu, K. J., Grandori, C., Amacker, M., Simon-Vermot, N., Polack, A., Lingner, J., and Dalla-Favera, R. Direct activation of TERT transcription by c-MYC. Nat. Genet., 21: 220-224, 1999.
26. Sharma, H. W., Sokoloski, J. A., Perez, J. R., Maltese, J. Y., Sartorelli, A. C., Stein, C. A., Nichols, G., Khaled, Z., Telang, N. T., and Narayanan, R. Differentiation of immortal cells inhibits telomerase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 12343-12346, 1995.
27. Holt, S. E., Wright, W. E., and Shay, J. W. Regulation of telomerase activity in immortal cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol., 16: 2932-2939, 1996.
28. Savoysky, E., Yoshida, K., Ohtomo, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Akamatsu, K., Yamazaki, T., Yoshida, S., and Tsuchiya, M. Down-regulation of telomerase activity is an early event in the differentiation of HL60 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 226: 329-334, 1996.
29. Ramakrishnan, S., Eppenberger, U., Mueller, H., Shinkai, Y., and Narayanan, R. Expression profile of the putative catalytic subunit of the telomerase gene. Cancer Res., 58: 622-625, 1998.
30. Schreiber-Agus, N., and DePinho, R. A. Repression by the Mad(Mxi1)-Sin3 complex. Bioessays, 20: 808-818, 1998.
31. Ayer, D. E., Kretzner, L., and Eisenman, R. N. Mad: a heterodimeric partner for Max that antagonizes Myc transcriptional activity. Cell, 72: 211-222, 1993.
32. Zervos, A. S., Gyuris, J., and Brent, R. Mxi1, a protein that specifically interacts with Max to bind Myc-Max recognition sites. Cell, 72: 223-232, 1993.
33. Larsson, L. G., Bahram, F., Burkhardt, H.m and Luscher, B. Analysis of the DNA-binding activities of Myc/Max/Mad network complexes during induced differentiation of U-937 monoblasts and F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Oncogene, 15: 737-748, 1997.
34. Greenberg, M. E., and Ziff, E. B. Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene. Nature (Lond.), 311: 433-438, 1984.
35. Schreiber, E., Matthias, P., Muller, M. M., and Schaffner, W. Rapid detection of octamer binding proteins with "mini-extracts," prepared from a small number of cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 17: 6419, 1989.
36. Sommer, A., Bousset, K., Kremmer, E., Austen, M., and Luscher, B. Identification and characterization of specific DNA-binding complexes containing members of the Myc/ Max/Mad network of transcriptional regulators. J. Biol. Chem., 273: 6632-6642, 1998.
37. Bestilny, L. J., Brown, C. B., Miura, Y., Robertson, L. D., and Riabowol, K. T. Selective inhibition of telomerase activity during terminal differentiation of immortal cell lines. Cancer Res., 56: 3796-3802, 1996.
38. Reichman, T. W., Albanell, J., Wang, X., Moore, M. A., and Studzinski, G. P. Downregulation of telomerase activity in HL60 cells by differentiating agents is accompanied by increased expression of telomerase-associated protein. J. Cell. Biochem., 67: 13-23, 1997.
39. Ryan, K. M., and Birnie, G. D. Cell-cycle progression is not essential for c-Myc to block differentiation. Oncogene, 14: 2835-2843, 1997.
40. Ayer, D. E., and Eisenman, R. N. A switch from Myc:Max to Mad:Max heterocomplexes accompanies monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Genes Dev., 7: 2110-2119, 1993.
41. Cerni, C., Bousset, K., Seelos, C., Burkhardt, H., Henriksson, M., and Luscher, B. Differential effects by Mad and Max on transformation by cellular and viral oncoproteins. Oncogene, 11: 587-596, 1995.
42. Henriksson, M., and Luscher, B. Proteins of the Myc network: essential regulators of cell growth and differentiation. Adv. Cancer Res., 68: 109-182, 1996.