Fabrication of large arrays of micron-scale magnetic features by selective area organometallic chemical vapor deposition

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 1867-1871

  Welipitiya, D ^a   He, Y L ^a,c   Zhang, Jiandi ^b   Oden, P I ^b   Thundat, T ^b   Warmack, R J ^b   Gobulukoglu, Ismail ^a   Shan, Z S ^a   Sellmyer, D J ^a   Dowben, P A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c INTEL CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0343515280     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.362999     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. E. D. Dahlberg and J.-G. Zhu, Phys. Today 48, (4) 34 (1995); D. D. Awschalom and D. P. DiVincenzo, ibid. 48, (4) 43 (1995); D. R. Fredkin and T. R. Koehler, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5544 (1990).
2. E. D. Dahlberg and J.-G. Zhu, Phys. Today 48, (4) 34 (1995); D. D. Awschalom and D. P. DiVincenzo, ibid. 48, (4) 43 (1995); D. R. Fredkin and T. R. Koehler, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5544 (1990).
3. E. D. Dahlberg and J.-G. Zhu, Phys. Today 48, (4) 34 (1995); D. D. Awschalom and D. P. DiVincenzo, ibid. 48, (4) 43 (1995); D. R. Fredkin and T. R. Koehler, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 5544 (1990).
4. F. Liu, M. R. Press, S. N. Khanna, and P. Jena, Z. Phys. D 12, 361 (1989); G. C. Papaeffthymiou, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 366 (1992); C. Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, D. R. Salbub, K. Kaspar, and R. P. Messmer, ibid. 13, 1396 (1976); G. M. Pastor, R. Hirsch, and B. Münhlschlegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3879 (1994); W. de Heer, P. Milani, and A. Châtelain, Z. Phys. D 19, 241 (1991).
5. F. Liu, M. R. Press, S. N. Khanna, and P. Jena, Z. Phys. D 12, 361 (1989); G. C. Papaeffthymiou, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 366 (1992); C. Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, D. R. Salbub, K. Kaspar, and R. P. Messmer, ibid. 13, 1396 (1976); G. M. Pastor, R. Hirsch, and B. Münhlschlegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3879 (1994); W. de Heer, P. Milani, and A. Châtelain, Z. Phys. D 19, 241 (1991).
6. F. Liu, M. R. Press, S. N. Khanna, and P. Jena, Z. Phys. D 12, 361 (1989); G. C. Papaeffthymiou, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 366 (1992); C. Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, D. R. Salbub, K. Kaspar, and R. P. Messmer, ibid. 13, 1396 (1976); G. M. Pastor, R. Hirsch, and B. Münhlschlegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3879 (1994); W. de Heer, P. Milani, and A. Châtelain, Z. Phys. D 19, 241 (1991).
7. F. Liu, M. R. Press, S. N. Khanna, and P. Jena, Z. Phys. D 12, 361 (1989); G. C. Papaeffthymiou, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 366 (1992); C. Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, D. R. Salbub, K. Kaspar, and R. P. Messmer, ibid. 13, 1396 (1976); G. M. Pastor, R. Hirsch, and B. Münhlschlegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3879 (1994); W. de Heer, P. Milani, and A. Châtelain, Z. Phys. D 19, 241 (1991).
8. F. Liu, M. R. Press, S. N. Khanna, and P. Jena, Z. Phys. D 12, 361 (1989); G. C. Papaeffthymiou, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 366 (1992); C. Y. Yang, K. H. Johnson, D. R. Salbub, K. Kaspar, and R. P. Messmer, ibid. 13, 1396 (1976); G. M. Pastor, R. Hirsch, and B. Münhlschlegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3879 (1994); W. de Heer, P. Milani, and A. Châtelain, Z. Phys. D 19, 241 (1991).
9. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
10. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
11. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
12. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
13. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
14. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
15. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
16. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
17. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
18. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
19. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
20. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
21. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
22. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
23. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
24. D. O'Conner and C. R. Stephens, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104-107, 300 (1992); M. E. Fisher, ibid. 54-57, 646 (1986); K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1985), Vol. 8; H. W. Diehl, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1986), Vol. 10; D. L. Mills, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 31, C1-33 (1970); Takahito Kaneyoshi, Introduction to Surface Magnetism (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1991); T. Kaneyoshi, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 3, 4497 (1991); G. A. T. Allen, Phys. Rev. B 1, 352 (1974); M. E. Fischer and A. E. Ferdinand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 169 (1967); K. Binder, Thin Solid Films 20, 367 (1974); K. Binder and P. C. Hohenberg, Phys. Rev. B 6, 3461 (1972); A. Corcioveei, Czech. J. Phys. B 10, 568 (1960); L. Valenta, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 112 (1962); U. Paschen, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, Z. Phys. B 90, 289 (1993); M. Parle, K. Baberschke, U. Stetter, A. Aspelmeier, and F. Gerhardter, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 571 (1993); U. Stetter, M. Farle, K. Baberschke, and W. G. Clark, ibid. 45, 503 (1992).
25. C. Shearwood, S. J. Blundell, M. J. Baird, J. A. C. Bland, M. Gester, H. Ahmed, and H. P. Hughes, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 5249 (1994).
26. D. D. Awschalom, M. A. McCord, and G. Grinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 783 (1990); A. D. Kent, T. M. Shaw, S. von Molnar, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 262, 1249 (1993); M. A. McCord and D. D. Awschalom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2135 (1990); A. D. Kent, S. von Molnar, S. Gider, and D. D. Awschalom, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6656 (1994).
27. D. D. Awschalom, M. A. McCord, and G. Grinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 783 (1990); A. D. Kent, T. M. Shaw, S. von Molnar, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 262, 1249 (1993); M. A. McCord and D. D. Awschalom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2135 (1990); A. D. Kent, S. von Molnar, S. Gider, and D. D. Awschalom, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6656 (1994).
28. D. D. Awschalom, M. A. McCord, and G. Grinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 783 (1990); A. D. Kent, T. M. Shaw, S. von Molnar, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 262, 1249 (1993); M. A. McCord and D. D. Awschalom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2135 (1990); A. D. Kent, S. von Molnar, S. Gider, and D. D. Awschalom, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6656 (1994).
29. D. D. Awschalom, M. A. McCord, and G. Grinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 783 (1990); A. D. Kent, T. M. Shaw, S. von Molnar, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 262, 1249 (1993); M. A. McCord and D. D. Awschalom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2135 (1990); A. D. Kent, S. von Molnar, S. Gider, and D. D. Awschalom, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6656 (1994).
30. F. Thibaudau, T. P. Roge, J. R. Roche, Ph. Mathiez, Ph. Dumas, and F. Salvan, Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct. 4, 419 (1993); F. Thibaudau, J. R. Rouche, and F. Salvan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 523 (1994).
31. F. Thibaudau, T. P. Roge, J. R. Roche, Ph. Mathiez, Ph. Dumas, and F. Salvan, Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct. 4, 419 (1993); F. Thibaudau, J. R. Rouche, and F. Salvan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 523 (1994).
32. A. L. de Lozanne, E. E. Ehrichs, and W. F. Smith, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5, 409 (1993).
33. D. S. Saulys, A. Ermakov, E. L. Garfunkel, and P. A. Dowben, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 7639 (1994).
34. E. E. Ehrichs and A. L. de Lozanne, in Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication, edited by M. A. Redd and W. P. Kirk (Academic, New York, 1989), p. 441; S.-T. Yau, D. Saltz, and M. H. Nayfeh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2457 (1990).
35. E. E. Ehrichs and A. L. de Lozanne, in Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication, edited by M. A. Redd and W. P. Kirk (Academic, New York, 1989), p. 441; S.-T. Yau, D. Saltz, and M. H. Nayfeh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2457 (1990).
36. E. E. Ehrichs, S. Yoon, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2287 (1988); E. E. Ehrichs, R. M. Silver, and A. L. de Lozanne, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 540 (1988); R. M. Silver, E. E. Ehrichs, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 247 (1987).
37. E. E. Ehrichs, S. Yoon, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2287 (1988); E. E. Ehrichs, R. M. Silver, and A. L. de Lozanne, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 540 (1988); R. M. Silver, E. E. Ehrichs, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 247 (1987).
38. E. E. Ehrichs, S. Yoon, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2287 (1988); E. E. Ehrichs, R. M. Silver, and A. L. de Lozanne, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 540 (1988); R. M. Silver, E. E. Ehrichs, and A. L. de Lozanne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 247 (1987).
39. Y.-G. Kim, S. Bialy, G. T. Stauf, R. W. Miller, J. T. Spencer, and P. A. Dowben, J. Microstruct. Microfab. 1, 42 (1991); G. T. Stauf and P. A. Dowben, Thin Solid Films 156, L31 (1988); P. A. Dowben, J. T. Spencer, and G. T. Stauf, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2, 297 (1989); Karl-Heniz Emrich, G. T. Stauf, W. Hirschwald, S. Barfuss, P. A. Dowben, R. R. Birge, and N. M. Boag, in Chemical Perspectives of Microelectronic Materials, edited by Gross, Jasinski, and Yates [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 131, 401 (1989)].
40. Y.-G. Kim, S. Bialy, G. T. Stauf, R. W. Miller, J. T. Spencer, and P. A. Dowben, J. Microstruct. Microfab. 1, 42 (1991); G. T. Stauf and P. A. Dowben, Thin Solid Films 156, L31 (1988); P. A. Dowben, J. T. Spencer, and G. T. Stauf, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2, 297 (1989); Karl-Heniz Emrich, G. T. Stauf, W. Hirschwald, S. Barfuss, P. A. Dowben, R. R. Birge, and N. M. Boag, in Chemical Perspectives of Microelectronic Materials, edited by Gross, Jasinski, and Yates [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 131, 401 (1989)].
41. Y.-G. Kim, S. Bialy, G. T. Stauf, R. W. Miller, J. T. Spencer, and P. A. Dowben, J. Microstruct. Microfab. 1, 42 (1991); G. T. Stauf and P. A. Dowben, Thin Solid Films 156, L31 (1988); P. A. Dowben, J. T. Spencer, and G. T. Stauf, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2, 297 (1989); Karl-Heniz Emrich, G. T. Stauf, W. Hirschwald, S. Barfuss, P. A. Dowben, R. R. Birge, and N. M. Boag, in Chemical Perspectives of Microelectronic Materials, edited by Gross, Jasinski, and Yates [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 131, 401 (1989)].
42. Y.-G. Kim, S. Bialy, G. T. Stauf, R. W. Miller, J. T. Spencer, and P. A. Dowben, J. Microstruct. Microfab. 1, 42 (1991); G. T. Stauf and P. A. Dowben, Thin Solid Films 156, L31 (1988); P. A. Dowben, J. T. Spencer, and G. T. Stauf, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2, 297 (1989); Karl-Heniz Emrich, G. T. Stauf, W. Hirschwald, S. Barfuss, P. A. Dowben, R. R. Birge, and N. M. Boag, in Chemical Perspectives of Microelectronic Materials, edited by Gross, Jasinski, and Yates [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 131, 401 (1989)].
43. Y.-G. Kim, S. Bialy, G. T. Stauf, R. W. Miller, J. T. Spencer, and P. A. Dowben, J. Microstruct. Microfab. 1, 42 (1991); G. T. Stauf and P. A. Dowben, Thin Solid Films 156, L31 (1988); P. A. Dowben, J. T. Spencer, and G. T. Stauf, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2, 297 (1989); Karl-Heniz Emrich, G. T. Stauf, W. Hirschwald, S. Barfuss, P. A. Dowben, R. R. Birge, and N. M. Boag, in Chemical Perspectives of Microelectronic Materials, edited by Gross, Jasinski, and Yates [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 131, 401 (1989)].
44. Y.-G. Kim, D. Byun, C. Hutchings, P. A. Dowben, H. Hejase, and K. Schroder, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 6062 (1991); G. T. Stauf, D. C. Driscoll, P. A. Dowben, S. Barfuss, and M. Grade, Thin Solid Films 153, 421 (1987).
45. Y.-G. Kim, D. Byun, C. Hutchings, P. A. Dowben, H. Hejase, and K. Schroder, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 6062 (1991); G. T. Stauf, D. C. Driscoll, P. A. Dowben, S. Barfuss, and M. Grade, Thin Solid Films 153, 421 (1987).
46. S.-D. Hwang, Y. G. Kim, C. Wu, and P. A. Dowben, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 20, L1 (1993).
47. P. R. Krauss, P. B. Fischer, and S. Y. Chou, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 3639 (1994); S. Y. Chou, M. Wei, P. R. Krauss, and P. B. Fischer, ibid. 12, 3695 (1994).
48. P. R. Krauss, P. B. Fischer, and S. Y. Chou, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 3639 (1994); S. Y. Chou, M. Wei, P. R. Krauss, and P. B. Fischer, ibid. 12, 3695 (1994).
49. Y. J. Kime, J. Zhang, and P. A. Dowben, Surf. Sci. 268, 98 (1992).
50. D. P. Adams, T. M. Mayer, and B. S. Swartzentruber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2210 (1996).
51. M. Heberhold, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 1837 (1995).
52. D. Welipitiya, A. Green, J. Woods, P. A. Dowben, B. W. Robertson, D. Byun, and J. Zhang, J. Appl. Phys. (in press); D. Welipitiya, P. A. Dowben, J. Zhang, W. W. Pai, and J. F. Wendelken, Surf. Sci. (in press).
53. D. Welipitiya, A. Green, J. Woods, P. A. Dowben, B. W. Robertson, D. Byun, and J. Zhang, J. Appl. Phys. (in press); D. Welipitiya, P. A. Dowben, J. Zhang, W. W. Pai, and J. F. Wendelken, Surf. Sci. (in press).
54. G. A. Gibson and S. Schultz, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 4516 (1993); R. Wiesendanger, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 515 (1994).
55. G. A. Gibson and S. Schultz, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 4516 (1993); R. Wiesendanger, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 515 (1994).
56. See, e.g., D. Heitmann, T. Demel, K. Kern, P. Grambow, K. Ploog, and Y. H. Zhang, in Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems, edited by W. P. Kirk and M. A. Reed (Academic, New York, 1991), p. 335.
57. R. D. Kirby, J. X. Shen, R. J. Hardy, and D. J. Sellmyer, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 810 (1994); Z. S. Shan, J. X. Shen, R. D. Kirby, and D. J. Sellmyer (unpublished).
58. R. D. Kirby, J. X. Shen, R. J. Hardy, and D. J. Sellmyer, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 810 (1994); Z. S. Shan, J. X. Shen, R. D. Kirby, and D. J. Sellmyer (unpublished).
59. M. Rao and A. Chakrabarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2911 (1994); M. Rao, ibid. 68, 1436 (1992); M. Rao, H. R. Krishnamurthy, and R. Randit, Phys. Rev. B 42, 856 (1990); W. S. Lo and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. A 42, 7471 (1989); L. J. Challis, Contemp. Phys. 33, 111 (1992).
60. M. Rao and A. Chakrabarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2911 (1994); M. Rao, ibid. 68, 1436 (1992); M. Rao, H. R. Krishnamurthy, and R. Randit, Phys. Rev. B 42, 856 (1990); W. S. Lo and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. A 42, 7471 (1989); L. J. Challis, Contemp. Phys. 33, 111 (1992).
61. M. Rao and A. Chakrabarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2911 (1994); M. Rao, ibid. 68, 1436 (1992); M. Rao, H. R. Krishnamurthy, and R. Randit, Phys. Rev. B 42, 856 (1990); W. S. Lo and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. A 42, 7471 (1989); L. J. Challis, Contemp. Phys. 33, 111 (1992).
62. M. Rao and A. Chakrabarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2911 (1994); M. Rao, ibid. 68, 1436 (1992); M. Rao, H. R. Krishnamurthy, and R. Randit, Phys. Rev. B 42, 856 (1990); W. S. Lo and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. A 42, 7471 (1989); L. J. Challis, Contemp. Phys. 33, 111 (1992).
63. M. Rao and A. Chakrabarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2911 (1994); M. Rao, ibid. 68, 1436 (1992); M. Rao, H. R. Krishnamurthy, and R. Randit, Phys. Rev. B 42, 856 (1990); W. S. Lo and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. A 42, 7471 (1989); L. J. Challis, Contemp. Phys. 33, 111 (1992).