Interplay between the optical Kerr effect and stimulated light scattering in bulk carbon disulfide

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1762-1772

  Dorkenoo, K D ^a,c   Van Wonderen, A J ^b   Rivoire, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ D'ANGERS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0343479125     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.15.001762     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. P. D. Maker, R. W. Terhune, and C. M. Savage, "Intensity-dependent changes in the refractive index of liquids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 507-509 (1964); G. Mayer and F. Gires, "Action d'une onde lumineuse intense sur l'indice de réfraction des liquides," C. R. Acad. Sci. 258, 2039-2042 (1964).
2. P. D. Maker, R. W. Terhune, and C. M. Savage, "Intensity-dependent changes in the refractive index of liquids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 507-509 (1964); G. Mayer and F. Gires, "Action d'une onde lumineuse intense sur l'indice de réfraction des liquides," C. R. Acad. Sci. 258, 2039-2042 (1964).
3. A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 3rd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1989).
4. Y. R. Shen, The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (Wiley, New York, 1984).
5. P. Lallemand and N. Bloembergen, "Self-focusing of laser beams and stimulated Raman gain in liquids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1010-1012 (1965); Y. R. Shen and Y. J. Shaham, "Beam deterioration and stimulated Raman effect," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1008-1010 (1965); G. Hauchecorne and G. Mayer, "Effets de l'anisotropie moléculaire sur la propagation d'une lumiere intense," C. R. Acad. Sci. 261, 4014-4017 (1965).
6. P. Lallemand and N. Bloembergen, "Self-focusing of laser beams and stimulated Raman gain in liquids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1010-1012 (1965); Y. R. Shen and Y. J. Shaham, "Beam deterioration and stimulated Raman effect," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1008-1010 (1965); G. Hauchecorne and G. Mayer, "Effets de l'anisotropie moléculaire sur la propagation d'une lumiere intense," C. R. Acad. Sci. 261, 4014-4017 (1965).
7. P. Lallemand and N. Bloembergen, "Self-focusing of laser beams and stimulated Raman gain in liquids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1010-1012 (1965); Y. R. Shen and Y. J. Shaham, "Beam deterioration and stimulated Raman effect," Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 1008-1010 (1965); G. Hauchecorne and G. Mayer, "Effets de l'anisotropie moléculaire sur la propagation d'une lumiere intense," C. R. Acad. Sci. 261, 4014-4017 (1965).
8. E. P. Ippen, "Low-power quasi-cw Raman oscillator," Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 303-305 (1970).
9. D. I. Mash, V. V. Morozov, V. S. Starunov, and I. L. Fabelinskii, "Stimulated scattering of light of the Rayleigh-line wing," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 2, 41-43 (1965) [ JETP Lett. 2, 25-27 (1965)].
10. D. I. Mash, V. V. Morozov, V. S. Starunov, and I. L. Fabelinskii, "Stimulated scattering of light of the Rayleigh-line wing," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 2, 41-43 (1965) [ JETP Lett. 2, 25-27 (1965)].
11. W. Kaiser and M. Maier, "Stimulated Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy," in Laser Handbook, F. T. Arecchi and E. O. Schulz-Dubois, eds. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1972), Vol. 2, pp. 1077-1150.
12. E. J. Miller and R. W. Boyd, "Stimulated scattering of picosecond optical pulses in the presence of self-focusing," Int. J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. 1, 765-773 (1992).
13. 2," J. Chem. Phys. 98, 9279-9283 (1993).
14. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
15. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
16. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
17. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
18. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
19. 2 liquid-core fiber system," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 323-329 (1992); G. S. He, M. Casstevens, R. Burzynski, and X. Li, "Broadband, multiwavelength stimulated-emission source based on stimulated Kerr and Raman scattering in a liquid-core fiber system," Appl. Opt. 34, 444-454 (1995).
20. J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, and Z. X. Yu, "Efficient generation of ultrafast broadband radiation in a submillimeter liquid-core waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 643-644 (1990); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, Y. C. Li, and Z. X. Yu, "Stimulated Rayleigh wing scattering and stimulated four-photon interaction in liquid-core waveguides," J. Mod. Opt. 38, 1015-1019 (1991); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, X. G. Huang, Z. G. Cai, and Z. X. Yu, "Generation of frequency-tunable ultrashort optical pulses with liquid-core fibers," Opt. Lett. 16, 1865-1867 (1991); H. Z. Wang, X. G. Zheng, W. D. Mao, Z. X. Yu, and Z. L. Gao, "Stimulated dynamic light scattering," Phys. Rev. A 52, 1740-1745 (1995).
21. J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, and Z. X. Yu, "Efficient generation of ultrafast broadband radiation in a submillimeter liquid-core waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 643-644 (1990); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, Y. C. Li, and Z. X. Yu, "Stimulated Rayleigh wing scattering and stimulated four-photon interaction in liquid-core waveguides," J. Mod. Opt. 38, 1015-1019 (1991); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, X. G. Huang, Z. G. Cai, and Z. X. Yu, "Generation of frequency-tunable ultrashort optical pulses with liquid-core fibers," Opt. Lett. 16, 1865-1867 (1991); H. Z. Wang, X. G. Zheng, W. D. Mao, Z. X. Yu, and Z. L. Gao, "Stimulated dynamic light scattering," Phys. Rev. A 52, 1740-1745 (1995).
22. J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, and Z. X. Yu, "Efficient generation of ultrafast broadband radiation in a submillimeter liquid-core waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 643-644 (1990); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, Y. C. Li, and Z. X. Yu, "Stimulated Rayleigh wing scattering and stimulated four-photon interaction in liquid-core waveguides," J. Mod. Opt. 38, 1015-1019 (1991); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, X. G. Huang, Z. G. Cai, and Z. X. Yu, "Generation of frequency-tunable ultrashort optical pulses with liquid-core fibers," Opt. Lett. 16, 1865-1867 (1991); H. Z. Wang, X. G. Zheng, W. D. Mao, Z. X. Yu, and Z. L. Gao, "Stimulated dynamic light scattering," Phys. Rev. A 52, 1740-1745 (1995).
23. J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, and Z. X. Yu, "Efficient generation of ultrafast broadband radiation in a submillimeter liquid-core waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 643-644 (1990); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, Y. C. Li, and Z. X. Yu, "Stimulated Rayleigh wing scattering and stimulated four-photon interaction in liquid-core waveguides," J. Mod. Opt. 38, 1015-1019 (1991); J. Y. Zhou, H. Z. Wang, X. G. Huang, Z. G. Cai, and Z. X. Yu, "Generation of frequency-tunable ultrashort optical pulses with liquid-core fibers," Opt. Lett. 16, 1865-1867 (1991); H. Z. Wang, X. G. Zheng, W. D. Mao, Z. X. Yu, and Z. L. Gao, "Stimulated dynamic light scattering," Phys. Rev. A 52, 1740-1745 (1995).
24. A. I. Erokhin, V. S. Starunov, and A. K. Shmelev, "Time evolution of stimulated Brillouin scattering during transverse laser pumping of carbon disulfide filling a capillary," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 60, 823-828 (1994) [ JETP Lett. 60, 837-842 (1994)]; V. S. Starunov and A. K. Shmelev, "Temporal structures of stimulated Raman scattering in a capillary-filling liquid with transverse laser pumping," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 844-848 (1995) [ JETP Lett. 62, 855-859 (1995)].
25. A. I. Erokhin, V. S. Starunov, and A. K. Shmelev, "Time evolution of stimulated Brillouin scattering during transverse laser pumping of carbon disulfide filling a capillary," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 60, 823-828 (1994) [ JETP Lett. 60, 837-842 (1994)]; V. S. Starunov and A. K. Shmelev, "Temporal structures of stimulated Raman scattering in a capillary-filling liquid with transverse laser pumping," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 844-848 (1995) [ JETP Lett. 62, 855-859 (1995)].
26. A. I. Erokhin, V. S. Starunov, and A. K. Shmelev, "Time evolution of stimulated Brillouin scattering during transverse laser pumping of carbon disulfide filling a capillary," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 60, 823-828 (1994) [ JETP Lett. 60, 837-842 (1994)]; V. S. Starunov and A. K. Shmelev, "Temporal structures of stimulated Raman scattering in a capillary-filling liquid with transverse laser pumping," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 844-848 (1995) [ JETP Lett. 62, 855-859 (1995)].
27. A. I. Erokhin, V. S. Starunov, and A. K. Shmelev, "Time evolution of stimulated Brillouin scattering during transverse laser pumping of carbon disulfide filling a capillary," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 60, 823-828 (1994) [ JETP Lett. 60, 837-842 (1994)]; V. S. Starunov and A. K. Shmelev, "Temporal structures of stimulated Raman scattering in a capillary-filling liquid with transverse laser pumping," Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 62, 844-848 (1995) [ JETP Lett. 62, 855-859 (1995)].
28. E. J. Miller, M. S. Malcuit, and R. W. Boyd, "Simultaneous wave-front and polarization conjugation of picosecond optical pulses by stimulated Rayleigh-wing scattering," Opt. Lett. 15, 1188-1190 (1990).
29. D. Wang, R. Barillé, and G. Rivoire, "Influence of propagation of optical pulses on stimulated Rayleigh wing scattering in a Kerr medium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 2584-2588 (1997).
30. Y. R. Shen, "Self-focusing: experimental," Prog. Quantum. Electron. 4, 1-34 (1975); O. Svelto, "Self-focusing, self-trapping, and self-phase modulation of laser beams," Prog. Opt. 12, 1-51 (1974).
31. Y. R. Shen, "Self-focusing: experimental," Prog. Quantum. Electron. 4, 1-34 (1975); O. Svelto, "Self-focusing, self-trapping, and self-phase modulation of laser beams," Prog. Opt. 12, 1-51 (1974).
32. H. Maillotte, J. Monneret, A. Barthelemy, and C. Froehly, "Laser beam self-splitting into solitons by optical Kerr non-linearity," Opt. Commun. 109, 265-271 (1994); H. Maillotte, J. Monneret, and C. Froehly, "Self-induced multiple soliton-like beams by stimulated scattering," Opt. Commun. 109, 272-278 (1994).
33. H. Maillotte, J. Monneret, A. Barthelemy, and C. Froehly, "Laser beam self-splitting into solitons by optical Kerr non-linearity," Opt. Commun. 109, 265-271 (1994); H. Maillotte, J. Monneret, and C. Froehly, "Self-induced multiple soliton-like beams by stimulated scattering," Opt. Commun. 109, 272-278 (1994).
34. A. Brodeur, F. A. Ilkov, and S. L. Chin, "Beam filamentation and the white light continuum divergence," Opt. Commun. 129, 193-198 (1996).
35. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
36. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
37. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
38. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
39. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
40. M. L. Dowell, B. D. Paul, A. Gallagher, and J. Cooper, "Self-focused light propagation in a fully saturable medium: theory," Phys. Rev. A 52, 3244-3253 (1995); P. K. Shukla and R. Bingham, "Filamentation instability and localization of finite amplitude optical pulses in saturable nonlinear media," Phys. Scr. 52, 199-200 (1995); Y. Chen and J. Atai, "Solitary waves of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear anisotropic media," J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1649-1658 (1995); S. Chi and Q. Guo, "Vector theory of self-focusing of an optical beam in Kerr media," Opt. Lett. 20, 1598-1600 (1995); C. S. Milsted, Jr., and C. D. Cantrell, "Vector effects in self-focusing," Phys. Rev. A 53, 3536-3542 (1996); G. Fibich, "Adiabatic law for self-focusing of optical beams," Opt. Lett. 21, 1735-1737 (1996).
41. F. Shimizu, "Frequency broadening in liquids by a short light pulse," Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1097-1100 (1967).
42. G. S. He, G. C. Xu, Y. Cui, and P. N. Prasad, "Difference of spectral superbroadening behavior in Kerr-type and non-Kerr-type liquids pumped with ultrashort laser pulses," Appl. Opt. 32, 4507-4512 (1993).
43. 2 au raccourcissement d'impulsions laser picoseconde," Opt. Quantum Electron. 14, 253-261 (1982).
44. J. P. Boon and S. Yip, Molecular Hydrodynamics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980), Sect. 1.3.
45. 2," J. Chem. Phys. 92, 4740-4748 (1990). All important references can be found in these papers.
46. 2," J. Chem. Phys. 92, 4740-4748 (1990). All important references can be found in these papers.
47. T. K. Gustafson, J. P. Taran, H. A. Haus, J. R. Lifsitz, and P. L. Kelley, "Self-modulation, self-steepening, and spectral development of light in small-scale trapped filaments," Phys. Rev. 177, 306-313 (1969); J. Reintjes, R. L. Carman, and F. Shimizu, "Study of self-focusing and self-phase modulation in the picosecond-time regime," Phys. Rev. A 8, 1486-1503 (1973).
48. T. K. Gustafson, J. P. Taran, H. A. Haus, J. R. Lifsitz, and P. L. Kelley, "Self-modulation, self-steepening, and spectral development of light in small-scale trapped filaments," Phys. Rev. 177, 306-313 (1969); J. Reintjes, R. L. Carman, and F. Shimizu, "Study of self-focusing and self-phase modulation in the picosecond-time regime," Phys. Rev. A 8, 1486-1503 (1973).
49. R. Polloni, C. A. Sacchi, and O. Svelto, "Self-trapping with picosecond pulses and 'rocking' of molecules," Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 690-693 (1969).
50. R. Cubeddu, R. Polloni, C. A. Sacchi, and O. Svelto, "Self-phase modulation and 'rocking' of molecules in trapped filaments of light with picosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. A 2, 1955-1963 (1970).
51. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 6th ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1980).
52. M. R. Topp and G. C. Orner, "Group dispersion effects in picosecond spectroscopy," Opt. Commun. 13, 276-281 (1975).
53. (3)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 863-866 (1973); D. J. Harter and R. W. Boyd, "Four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by ac-Stark-split levels in self-trapped filaments of light," Phys. Rev. A 29, 739-748 (1984).
54. (3)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 863-866 (1973); D. J. Harter and R. W. Boyd, "Four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by ac-Stark-split levels in self-trapped filaments of light," Phys. Rev. A 29, 739-748 (1984).
55. (3)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 863-866 (1973); D. J. Harter and R. W. Boyd, "Four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by ac-Stark-split levels in self-trapped filaments of light," Phys. Rev. A 29, 739-748 (1984).
56. (3)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 863-866 (1973); D. J. Harter and R. W. Boyd, "Four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by ac-Stark-split levels in self-trapped filaments of light," Phys. Rev. A 29, 739-748 (1984).
57. J. K. Ranka, R. W. Schirmer, and A. L. Gaeta, "Observation of pulse splitting in nonlinear dispersive media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3783-3786 (1996); P. Chernev and V. Petrov, "Self-focusing of short light pulses in dispersive media," Opt. Commun. 87, 28-32 (1992); "Self-focusing of light pulses in the presence of normal group-velocity dispersion," Opt. Lett. 17, 172-174 (1992); J. E. Rothenberg, "Pulse splitting during self-focusing in normally dispersive media," Opt. Lett. 17, 583-585 (1992).
58. J. K. Ranka, R. W. Schirmer, and A. L. Gaeta, "Observation of pulse splitting in nonlinear dispersive media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3783-3786 (1996); P. Chernev and V. Petrov, "Self-focusing of short light pulses in dispersive media," Opt. Commun. 87, 28-32 (1992); "Self-focusing of light pulses in the presence of normal group-velocity dispersion," Opt. Lett. 17, 172-174 (1992); J. E. Rothenberg, "Pulse splitting during self-focusing in normally dispersive media," Opt. Lett. 17, 583-585 (1992).
59. J. K. Ranka, R. W. Schirmer, and A. L. Gaeta, "Observation of pulse splitting in nonlinear dispersive media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3783-3786 (1996); P. Chernev and V. Petrov, "Self-focusing of short light pulses in dispersive media," Opt. Commun. 87, 28-32 (1992); "Self-focusing of light pulses in the presence of normal group-velocity dispersion," Opt. Lett. 17, 172-174 (1992); J. E. Rothenberg, "Pulse splitting during self-focusing in normally dispersive media," Opt. Lett. 17, 583-585 (1992).
60. J. K. Ranka, R. W. Schirmer, and A. L. Gaeta, "Observation of pulse splitting in nonlinear dispersive media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3783-3786 (1996); P. Chernev and V. Petrov, "Self-focusing of short light pulses in dispersive media," Opt. Commun. 87, 28-32 (1992); "Self-focusing of light pulses in the presence of normal group-velocity dispersion," Opt. Lett. 17, 172-174 (1992); J. E. Rothenberg, "Pulse splitting during self-focusing in normally dispersive media," Opt. Lett. 17, 583-585 (1992).