Dependence of spatial coherence of 23.2-23.6-nm radiation on the geometry of a multielement germanium x-ray laser target

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 15, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 2515-2523

  Burge, R E ^a,b   Slark, G E ^a,b   Browne, M T ^a,b   Yuan, X C ^a,b   Charalambous, P ^a,b   Cheng, X H ^a,b   Lewis, C L S ^c   Cairns, G F ^c   MacPhee, A G ^c   Neely, D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^d RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0343192943     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.15.002515     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. J. E. Trebes, S. B. Brown, E. M. Campbell, D. L. Matthews, D. S. Nilson, G. F. Stone, and D. A. Whelan, "Demonstration of x-ray holography with an x-ray laser," Science 238, 517-519 (1987).
2. M. S. Schulz, H. Daido, K. Murai, Y. Kato, R. Kodama, G. Yuan, S. Nakai, H. Iwasaki, T. Yoshinobu, K. Shinohara, I. Kodama, T. Honda, D. Neely, and G. Slark, "Soft x-ray holography using an x-ray laser at 23.2/23.6 nm and 19.6 nm," in Short-Wavelength V: Physics with Intense Laser Pulses '93, P. B. Corkum and M. D. Perry, eds., Vol. 17 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1993), pp. 226-230.
3. R. E. Burge, M. T. Browne, P. Charalambous, G. E. Slark, P. J. Smith, C. L. S. Lewis, and D. Neely, "Sub-optical x-ray imaging using the Vulcan x-ray laser," Opt. Lett. 18, 661-663 (1993).
4. L. B. DaSilva, J. E. Trebes, R. Balhom, S. Mrowka, E. Anderson, D. T. Attwood, T. W. Barbee, Jr., J. Brase, M. Corzett, J. Gray, J. A. Koch, C. Lee, D. Kern, R. A. London, B. J. MacGowan, D. L. Matthews, and G. Stone, "Soft x-ray laser microscopy of rat sperm nuclei," Science 258, 269-271 (1992).
5. T. N. Lea, E. A. McLean, and R. C. Elton, "Soft x-ray lasing in neon-like germanium and copper plasmas," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1185-1188 (1987).
6. J. E. Trebes, K. A. Nugent, S. Mrowka, R. A. London, T. W. Barbee, M. R. Carter, J. A. Koch, B. J. MacGowan, D. L. Matthews, L. B. DaSilva, G. F. Stone, and M. D. Feit, "Measurement of the spatial coherence of a soft x-ray laser," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 588-591 (1992).
7. Y. Kato, M. Yamanaka, H. Daido, H. Shiraga, H. Azuma, K. Murai, G. Yuan, E. Miura, T. Kanabe, M. Takagi, S. Nakai, C. L. S. Lewis, D. M. O'Neill, D. Neely, M. Niibi, N. Tsukamoto, and Y. Fukuda, "Coherence and double-pass amplification in Ge soft x-ray laser," in X-Ray Lasers 1992, E. E. Fill, ed., Vol. 125 of Institute of Physics Conference Series (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, 1992), pp. 9-16.
8. A. Carillon, H. Z. Chen, P. Dhez, L. Dwivedi, J. Jacoby, P. Jaegle, G. Jamelot, J. Zhang, M. H. Key, A. Kidd, A. Klisnick, R. Kodama, J. Krishnan, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, P. Norreys, D. O'Neill, G. J. Pert, S. A. Ramsden, J. P. Raucourt, G. J. Tallents, and J. Uhomoibhi, "Saturated and near-diffraction-limited operation of an XUV laser at 23.6 nm," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2917-2920 (1992).
9. C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, D. M. O'Neill, J. O. Uhomoibhi, M. H. Key, Y. Al Hadithi, and G. J. Tallents, "An injector-amplifier double target geometry for Ne-like Ge x-ray laser schemes," Opt. Commun. 91, 71-76 (1992).
10. A. S. Wan, J. C. Moreno, B. J. MacGowan, S. B. Libby, J. A. Koch, J. Nilsen, A. L. Osterheid, J. A. Scofield, J. A. Trebes, and R. S. Walling, "Characterisation of germanium stripe x-ray lasers," Opt. Eng. (Bellingham) 33, 2434-2441 (1994).
11. R. Kodama, D. Neely, L. Dwivedi, M. H. Key, J. Krishnan, C. L. S. Lewis, D. O'Neill, P. Norreys, G. J. Pert, S. A. Ramsden, G. J. Tallents, J. Uhomoibhi, and J. Zhang, "Time-resolved measurements of the angular distribution of lasing at 23.6 nm in Ne-like germanium," Opt. Commun. 90, 95-98 (1992).
12. K. Murai, H. Shiraga, G. Yuan, H. Daido, H. Azuma, E. Miura, R. Kodama, M. Takagi, T. Kanabe, H. Takabe, Y. Kato, D. Neely, D. M. O'Neill, and C. L. S. Lewis, "Lasing properties of J = 0-1 and J = 2-1 lines of the neonlike germanium x-ray laser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 2287-2297 (1994).
13. P. Celliers, F. Weber, L. B. Da Silva, T. W. Barbee, Jr., R. Cauble, A. S. Wan, and J. C. Moreno, "Fringe formation and coherence of a soft x-ray laser beam illuminating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Opt. Lett. 15, 1907-1909 (1995).
14. T. Boehly, M. Russoto, R. S. Craxton, R. Epstein, B. Yaakobi, L. B. Da Silva, J. Nilsen, E. A. Chandler, D. J. Fields, B. J. MacGowan, D. L. Matthews, J. H. Scofield, and G. Shimkaveg, "Demonstration of a narrow-divergence x-ray laser in neon-like titanium," Phys. Rev. A 42, 6962-6965 (1990).
15. J. Nilsen, B. J. MacGowan, L. B. Da Silva, and J. C. Moreno, "Prepulse technique for producing low-Z Ne-like x-ray lasers," Phys. Rev. A 48, 4682-4685 (1993).
16. Y. Li, G. Pretzler, and E. E. Fill, "Spatial position of prepulse induced J = 0-1, 3p-3s lasing in low-Z neonlike ions," Phys. Rev. A 51, R4341-R4344 (1995).
17. G. F. Cairns, C. L. S. Lewis, M. J. Lamb, A. G. MacPhee, D. Neely, P. Norreys, M. H. Key, S. B. Healy, P. B. Holden, G. J. Pert, J. A. Plowes, G. J. Tallents, and A. Demir, "Using low and high prepulses to enhance the J = 0-1 transition at 19.6 nm in the Ne-like germanium XUV laser," Opt. Commun. 123, 777-789 (1996).
18. P. J. Warwick, C. L. S. Lewis, S. P. McCabe, A. G. MacPhee, A. Behjat, M. Kurkcuoglu, G. J. Tallents, D. Neely, E. Wolfrum, S. B. Healy, and G. J. Pert, "A study to optimise the temporal drive pulse structure for efficient XUV lasing on the J = 0-1, 19.6 nm line of Ge XXIII," Opt. Commun. 144, 192-197 (1997).
19. K. A. Nugent and J. E. Trebes, "Coherence measurement technique for short-wavelength light sources," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2146-2151 (1992).
20. R. A. London, M. Strauss, and M. D. Rosen, "Modal analysis of x-ray laser coherence," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 563-566 (1990).
21. P. Amendt, R. A. London, and M. Strauss, "Modal study of the role of excess noise in x-ray lasers," Phys. Rev. A 44, 7478-7492 (1991).
22. P. Amendt, R. A. London, and M. Strauss, "Optimization of single-stage x-ray laser coherence," Phys. Rev. A 47, 4348-4363 (1993).
23. P. Amendt, M. Strauss, and R. A. London, "Plasma fluctuations and x-ray laser transverse coherence," Phys. Rev. A 53, R23-R26 (1996).
24. R. Cauble, L. B. Da Silva, T. W. Barbee, Jr., P. Celliers, C. Decker, R. A. London, J. C. Moreno, J. E. Trebes, A. S. Wan, and F. Weber, "Simultaneous measurement of local gain and electron density in x-ray lasers," Science 273, 1093-1096 (1996).
25. R. E. Burge, G. E. Slark, M. T. Browne, X.-C. Yuan, P. Charalambous, X.-H. Cheng, C. L. S. Lewis, A. G. MacPhee, and D. Neely, "Spatial coherence of x-ray laser emission from neonlike germanium after prepulse," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 2742-2751 (1997).
26. R. E. Burge, G. E. Slark, M. T. Browne, X.-C. Yuan, P. Charalambous, Z. An, X.-H. Cheng, C. L. S. Lewis, A. G. MacPhee, and D. Neely, "Time dependence of the spatial coherence of the 23.2-23.6-nm radiation in a single pulse from the germanium x-ray laser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1620-1626 (1998).
27. C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, D. O'Neill, J. Uhomoibhi, G. Cairns, A. MacPhee, G. J. Tallents, J. Krishnan, I. Dwivedi, M. H. Key, P. Norreys, R. Kodama, R. E. Burge, G. Slark, M. Browne, G. J. Pert, P. Holden, M. Lightbody, S. A. Ramsden, J. Zhang, C. Smith, P. Jaegle, G. Jamelot, A. Carillon, A. Klisnick, J. P. Raucourt, J. E. Trebes, M. R. Carter, S. Mrowka, and K. A. Nugent, "Collision pumped soft x-ray lasers: progress at RAL," in X-Ray Lasers 1992, E. E. Fill, ed., Vol. 125 of Institute of Physics Conference Series (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, 1992), pp. 23-30.
28. C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, D. M. O'Neill, J. O. Uhomoibhi, M. H. Key, Y. Al Hadithi, G. J. Tallents, and S. A. Ramsden, "An injector/amplifier double target configuration for the Ne-like Ge x-ray laser scheme," Opt. Commun. 91, 71-76 (1992).
29. G. M. Shimkaveg, M. R. Carter, R. S. Walling, J. M. Ticehurst, R. A. London, and R. E. Stewart, "Oscillator-amplifier experiments in neon-like yttrium," in X-Ray Lasers 1992, E. E. Fill, ed., Vol. 125 of Institute of Physics Conference Series (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, 1992), pp. 61-66.
30. G. F. Cairns, C. L. S. Lewis, A. G. MacPhee, D. Neely, M. Holden, J. Krishnan, G. J. Tallents, M. H. Key, P. N. Norreys, C. G. Smith, J. Zhang, P. B. Holden, G. J. Pert, J. Plowes, and S. A. Ramsden, "Preliminary studies of radiation coupling between remote soft X-ray laser amplifiers," Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 58, 51-56 (1994).
31. G. F. Cairns, M. J. Lamb, C. L. S. Lewis, A. G. MacPhee, D. Neely, C. Pichler, M. Holden, J. Krishnan, G. J. Tallents, C. G. Smith, J. Zhang, M. H. Key, P. N. Norreys, P. B. Holden, G. J. Pert, S. A. Ramsden, R. E. Burge, M. T. Browne, and G. Slark, "Coupling between remote plasmas in an 'injector-amplifier' XUV laser system," in X-Ray Lasers, D. C. Elder and D. L. Matthews, eds., AIP Conf. Proc. 332, 191-195 (1994).
32. B. Rus, C. L. S. Lewis, G. F. Cairns, P. Dhez, P. Jaegle, M. H. Key, D. Neely, A. G. MacPhee, S. A. Ramsden, C. G. Smith, and A. Sureau, "Demonstration of a polarized soft x-ray laser beam in a neonlike germanium plasma," Phys. Rev. A 51, 2316-2327 (1995).
33. R. A. London, P. Amendt, and M. Strauss, "Geometric scaling laws for x-ray laser coherence," in X-Ray Lasern 1992, E. E. Fill, ed., Vol. 125 of Institute of Physics Conference Series, (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, 1992), pp. 261-264.
34. D. M. O'Neill, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, J. Uhomoibhi, M. H. Key, A. G. MacPhee, G. J. Tallents, S. A. Ramsden, A. Rogoyski, E. A. McLean, and G. J. Pert, "Characterisation of soft x-ray amplification observed in Ne-like germanium," Opt. Commun. 75, 406-412 (1990).
35. G. F. Cairns, "Developmental studies of XUV laser amplifiers," Ph.D. dissertation (Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, 1995).
36. J. W. Goodman, Statistical Optics (Wiley, New York, 1984), Chap. 5.
37. B. L. Henke, S. L. Kwok, J. Y. Uejio, H. T. Yamada, and G. C. Young, "Low-energy response of photographic films. 1. Mathematical models," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1, 818-827 (1984).
38. D. M. O'Neill, C. L. S. Lewis, D. Neely, J. O. Uhomoibhi, H. Z. Chen, J. Jacoby, M. H. Key, A. Kidd, R. Kodama, P. Norreys, L. Dwivedi, J. Krishnan, G. J. Tallents, G. J. Pert, S. A. Ramsden, J. Zhang, A. Carillon, P. Dhez, P. Jaegle, G. Jamelot, A. Klisnick, and J. P. Raucourt, "Saturated and near diffraction limited ASE output at 23.6nm," in X-Ray Lasers 1992, Vol. 125 of Institute of Physics Conference Series (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK, 1992), pp. 41-44.
39. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1993), Chap. 10.
40. P. B. Holden, S. B. Healy, M. T. M. Lightbody, G. J. Pert, J. A. Plowes, A. E. Kingston, E. Robertson, C. L. S. Lewis, and D. Neely, "A computational investigation of the neon-like germanium collisionally pumped laser," J. Phys. B 27, 341-367 (1994).