메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 249, Issue SUPPL. 3, 1999, Pages

In vivo PET imaging and postmortem studies suggest potentially reversible and irreversible stages of brain metabolic failure in Alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Activation; Alzheimer's disease; Blood flow; Brain; Cytochrome oxidase; Energy; Glucose; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Oxidative phosphorylation; Positron emission tomography

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN METABOLISM; COGNITION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE SEVERITY; GLUCOSE BRAIN LEVEL; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HUMAN; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0342980328     PISSN: 09401334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/pl00014174     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (61)

References (70)
  • 2
    • 0002632033 scopus 로고
    • Visuoperceptual, visuospatial, and visuoconstructive disorders
    • Heilman KM ,Valenstein E (eds) Oxford University Press, New York
    • Benton A (1985). Visuoperceptual, visuospatial, and visuoconstructive disorders. In: Heilman KM ,Valenstein E (eds) Clinical Neuropsychology. 2nd ed Oxford University Press, New York, pp 151-185
    • (1985) Clinical Neuropsychology. 2nd Ed , pp. 151-185
    • Benton, A.1
  • 3
    • 0027490614 scopus 로고
    • Staging of Alzheimer-related cortical destruction
    • Braak H, Braak E, Bohl J (1993) Staging of Alzheimer-related cortical destruction. Eur Neurol 33:403-408
    • (1993) Eur Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 403-408
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2    Bohl, J.3
  • 5
    • 0030296713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for physiological down-regulation of brain oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease
    • Chandrasekaran K, Hatanpää K, Brady DR, Rapoport SI (1996) Evidence for physiological down-regulation of brain oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 142:80-88
    • (1996) Exp Neurol , vol.142 , pp. 80-88
    • Chandrasekaran, K.1    Hatanpää, K.2    Brady, D.R.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 6
    • 0031036773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased expression of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes of oxidative phosphorylation in association neocortex of Alzheimer's disease
    • Chandrasekaran K, Hatanpää K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR (1997) Decreased expression of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes of oxidative phosphorylation in association neocortex of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 44: 99-104
    • (1997) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.44 , pp. 99-104
    • Chandrasekaran, K.1    Hatanpää, K.2    Rapoport, S.I.3    Brady, D.R.4
  • 7
    • 0026566164 scopus 로고
    • Localization of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and COX mRNA in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in the monkey brain: Correlation with specific neuronal pathways
    • Chandrasekaran K, Stoll J, Brady DR, Rapoport SI (1992) Localization of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and COX mRNA in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in the monkey brain: correlation with specific neuronal pathways. Brain Res 579:333-336
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.579 , pp. 333-336
    • Chandrasekaran, K.1    Stoll, J.2    Brady, D.R.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 8
    • 0027468789 scopus 로고
    • Localization of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and COX mRNA in the perirhinal and superior temporal sulci of the monkey brain
    • Chandrasekaran K, Stoll J, Rapoport SI, Brady DR (1993) Localization of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and COX mRNA in the perirhinal and superior temporal sulci of the monkey brain. Brain Res 606:213-219
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.606 , pp. 213-219
    • Chandrasekaran, K.1    Stoll, J.2    Rapoport, S.I.3    Brady, D.R.4
  • 9
    • 0031305777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na,K-ATPase mRNA levels and plaque load in Alzheimer's disease
    • Chauhan NB, Lee JM, Siegel GJ (1997) Na,K-ATPase mRNA levels and plaque load in Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 9: 151-156
    • (1997) J Mol Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 151-156
    • Chauhan, N.B.1    Lee, J.M.2    Siegel, G.J.3
  • 11
    • 0000453159 scopus 로고
    • Post-mortem regional neurofibrillary tangle densities but not senile plaque densities are related to regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose during life in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • DeCarli CS, Atack JR, Ball MJ, Kaye JA, Grady CL, Fewster P, Pettigrew KD, Rapoport SI, Schapiro MB (1992) Post-mortem regional neurofibrillary tangle densities but not senile plaque densities are related to regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose during life in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurodegeneration 1:113-121
    • (1992) Neurodegeneration , vol.1 , pp. 113-121
    • Decarli, C.S.1    Atack, J.R.2    Ball, M.J.3    Kaye, J.A.4    Grady, C.L.5    Fewster, P.6    Pettigrew, K.D.7    Rapoport, S.I.8    Schapiro, M.B.9
  • 12
    • 0025269152 scopus 로고
    • Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity
    • DeKosky ST, Scheff SW (1990) Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity. Ann Neurol 27:457-464
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 457-464
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Scheff, S.W.2
  • 13
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) Mini Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12:189-198
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 14
    • 0021991105 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus rate determines regional brain blood flow in striate cortex
    • Fox PT, Raichle ME (1985) Stimulus rate determines regional brain blood flow in striate cortex. Ann Neurol 17:303-305
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 303-305
    • Fox, P.T.1    Raichle, M.E.2
  • 15
    • 0029939002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression of ND4, a subunit of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, is decreased in temporal cortex of brains of Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Fukuyama R, Hatanpää K, Rapoport SI, Chandrasekaran K (1996) Gene expression of ND4, a subunit of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, is decreased in temporal cortex of brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Brain Res 713: 290-293
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.713 , pp. 290-293
    • Fukuyama, R.1    Hatanpää, K.2    Rapoport, S.I.3    Chandrasekaran, K.4
  • 20
    • 0008897258 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolic asymmetries predict decline in language performance in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT)
    • Grady CL, Sonies B, Haxby J, Luxenberg J, Friedland R, Rapoport S (1988) Cerebral metabolic asymmetries predict decline in language performance in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 10:39
    • (1988) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.10 , pp. 39
    • Grady, C.L.1    Sonies, B.2    Haxby, J.3    Luxenberg, J.4    Friedland, R.5    Rapoport, S.6
  • 21
    • 0024434989 scopus 로고
    • Ouabain binding in the human brain. Effects of Alzheimer's disease and agina
    • Harik SI, Mitchell MJ, Kalaria RN (1989) Ouabain binding in the human brain. Effects of Alzheimer's disease and agina. Arch Neurol 46:951-954
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 951-954
    • Harik, S.I.1    Mitchell, M.J.2    Kalaria, R.N.3
  • 23
    • 0032528999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No association between Alzheimer plaques and decreased levels of cytochrome oxidase subunit mRNA, a marker of neuronal energy metabolism
    • Hatanpää K, Chandrasekaran K, Brady D, Rapoport SI (1998) No association between Alzheimer plaques and decreased levels of cytochrome oxidase subunit mRNA, a marker of neuronal energy metabolism. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 59:13-21
    • (1998) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.59 , pp. 13-21
    • Hatanpää, K.1    Chandrasekaran, K.2    Brady, D.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 24
    • 0033033642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of proteins regulating synaptic plasticity in normal aging of the human brain and in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hatanpää K, Isaacs KR, Shirao T, Brady DR, Rapoport SI (1999) Loss of proteins regulating synaptic plasticity in normal aging of the human brain and in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:637-643
    • (1999) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 637-643
    • Hatanpää, K.1    Isaacs, K.R.2    Shirao, T.3    Brady, D.R.4    Rapoport, S.I.5
  • 25
    • 0022523469 scopus 로고
    • Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's-type dementia
    • Haxby JV, Grady CL, Duara R, Schlageter N, Berg G, Rapoport SI (1986) Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's-type dementia. Arch Neurol 43:882-885
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 882-885
    • Haxby, J.V.1    Grady, C.L.2    Duara, R.3    Schlageter, N.4    Berg, G.5    Rapoport, S.I.6
  • 26
    • 0025352718 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of cerebral metabolic asymmetries and associated neuropsychological patterns in early dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Haxby JV, Grady CL, Koss E, Horwitz B, Heston L, Schapiro M, Friedland RP, Rapoport SI (1990) Longitudinal study of cerebral metabolic asymmetries and associated neuropsychological patterns in early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 47:753-760
    • (1990) Arch Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 753-760
    • Haxby, J.V.1    Grady, C.L.2    Koss, E.3    Horwitz, B.4    Heston, L.5    Schapiro, M.6    Friedland, R.P.7    Rapoport, S.I.8
  • 29
    • 0027269852 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA expression in mitochondrial myopathies and coordinated expression of nuclear genes involved in ATP production
    • Heddi A, Lestienne P, Wallace DC, Stepien G (1993) Mitochondrial DNA expression in mitochondrial myopathies and coordinated expression of nuclear genes involved in ATP production. J Biol Chem 268:12156-12163
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 12156-12163
    • Heddi, A.1    Lestienne, P.2    Wallace, D.C.3    Stepien, G.4
  • 31
    • 0026044467 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase (CO) subunits analyzed by in situ hybridization: Comparison with CO activity and protein
    • Hevner RF, Wong-Riley MTT (1991) Neuronal expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase (CO) subunits analyzed by in situ hybridization: comparison with CO activity and protein. J Neurosci 11:1942-1958
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1942-1958
    • Hevner, R.F.1    Wong-Riley, M.T.T.2
  • 32
    • 0027405664 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression for cytochrome oxidase subunits are disproportionately regulated by functional activity in neurons
    • Hevner RF, Wong-Riley MTT (1993) Mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression for cytochrome oxidase subunits are disproportionately regulated by functional activity in neurons. J Neurosci 13:1805-1819
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 1805-1819
    • Hevner, R.F.1    Wong-Riley, M.T.T.2
  • 33
    • 0023191278 scopus 로고
    • Intercorrelations of regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates in Alzheimer's disease
    • Horwitz B, Grady CL, Schlageter NL, Duara R, Rapoport SI (1987) Intercorrelations of regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 407:294-306
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.407 , pp. 294-306
    • Horwitz, B.1    Grady, C.L.2    Schlageter, N.L.3    Duara, R.4    Rapoport, S.I.5
  • 35
    • 0024419325 scopus 로고
    • Reduced glucose transporter at the blood-brain barrier and in cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kalaria RN, Harik SI (1989) Reduced glucose transporter at the blood-brain barrier and in cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 53:1083-1088
    • (1989) J Neurochem , vol.53 , pp. 1083-1088
    • Kalaria, R.N.1    Harik, S.I.2
  • 39
    • 0023222380 scopus 로고
    • Laminar and regional distributions of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease: A quantitative study of visual and auditory cortices
    • Lewis DA, Campbell MJ, Terry RD, Morrison JH (1987) Laminar and regional distributions of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease: A quantitative study of visual and auditory cortices. J Neurosci 7:1799-1808
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1799-1808
    • Lewis, D.A.1    Campbell, M.J.2    Terry, R.D.3    Morrison, J.H.4
  • 40
    • 0027958967 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor protein: Intramitochondrial delivery to dendrites and axon terminals of neurons and regulation of neuronal activity
    • Liu S, Wong-Riley M (1994) Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursor protein: intramitochondrial delivery to dendrites and axon terminals of neurons and regulation of neuronal activity. J Neurosci 14:5338-5351
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 5338-5351
    • Liu, S.1    Wong-Riley, M.2
  • 41
    • 0023889195 scopus 로고
    • Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception
    • Livingstone M, Hubel D (1988) Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science 240:740-749
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 740-749
    • Livingstone, M.1    Hubel, D.2
  • 42
    • 25044476252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal communication. Director Eisai-Pfizer, Germany
    • Löw G (1998) Personal communication. Director Eisai-Pfizer, Germany
    • (1998)
    • Löw, G.1
  • 43
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services task force on Alzheimer's disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services task force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 34:939-944
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3    Katzman, R.4    Price, D.5    Stadlan, E.M.6
  • 45
    • 0031745846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing required neural response to expose abnormal brain function in mild versus moderate or severe Alzheimer's disease: PET study using parametric visual stimulation
    • Mentis MJ, Alexander GE, Krasuski J, Pietrini P, Furey ML, Schapiro MB. Rapoport SI (1998) Increasing required neural response to expose abnormal brain function in mild versus moderate or severe Alzheimer's disease: PET study using parametric visual stimulation. Am J Psychiatry 155:785-794
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 785-794
    • Mentis, M.J.1    Alexander, G.E.2    Krasuski, J.3    Pietrini, P.4    Furey, M.L.5    Schapiro, M.B.6    Rapoport, S.I.7
  • 52
    • 0023837396 scopus 로고
    • Brain evolution and Alzheimer's disease
    • Paris
    • Rapoport SI (1988) Brain evolution and Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 144:79-90
    • (1988) Rev Neurol , vol.144 , pp. 79-90
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 53
    • 0026300720 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease in relation to disease pathogenesis: A critical review
    • Rapoport SI (1991) Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease in relation to disease pathogenesis: A critical review. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 3:297-335
    • (1991) Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev , vol.3 , pp. 297-335
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 54
    • 0008954213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deux stades, réversible et irréversible, de l'insuffisance fonctionnelle dans le cerveau Alzheimerien
    • Christien Y (ed) De la Neurophysiologie à la Maladie D'Alzheimer Solal, Marseille
    • Rapoport SI (1997). Deux stades, réversible et irréversible, de l'insuffisance fonctionnelle dans le cerveau Alzheimerien. In: Christien Y (ed) De la Neurophysiologie à la Maladie D'Alzheimer. Symposium en Hommage à Yvon Lamour. Solal, Marseille, pp 165-172
    • (1997) Symposium en Hommage à Yvon Lamour , pp. 165-172
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 55
    • 0027598953 scopus 로고
    • Parametric in vivo brain imaging during activation to examine pathological mechanisms of functional failure in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rapoport SI, Grady CL (1993) Parametric in vivo brain imaging during activation to examine pathological mechanisms of functional failure in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 70:39-56
    • (1993) Int J Neurosci , vol.70 , pp. 39-56
    • Rapoport, S.I.1    Grady, C.L.2
  • 56
    • 0030498070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain energy metabolism, cognitive function and down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rapoport SI, Hatanpää K, Brady DR, Chandrasekaran K (1996) Brain energy metabolism, cognitive function and down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegeneration 5:473-476
    • (1996) Neurodegeneration , vol.5 , pp. 473-476
    • Rapoport, S.I.1    Hatanpää, K.2    Brady, D.R.3    Chandrasekaran, K.4
  • 58
    • 0031983322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: An interim analysis of the results of a US multicentre open label extension study
    • Rogers SL, Friedhoff LT (1998) Long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: An interim analysis of the results of a US multicentre open label extension study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 8:67-75
    • (1998) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.8 , pp. 67-75
    • Rogers, S.L.1    Friedhoff, L.T.2
  • 59
    • 0029985675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear respiratory factors and the pathways of nuclear-mitochondrial interaction
    • Scarpulla RC (1996) Nuclear respiratory factors and the pathways of nuclear-mitochondrial interaction. Trends Cardiovasc Med 6:39-45
    • (1996) Trends Cardiovasc Med , vol.6 , pp. 39-45
    • Scarpulla, R.C.1
  • 60
    • 0025217385 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff SW, DeKosky ST, Price DA (1990) Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 11:29-37
    • (1990) Neurobiol Aging , vol.11 , pp. 29-37
    • Scheff, S.W.1    DeKosky, S.T.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 61
    • 0029793008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff SW, Sparks DL, Price DA (1996) Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia 7: 226-232
    • (1996) Dementia , vol.7 , pp. 226-232
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Sparks, D.L.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 62
    • 0028241915 scopus 로고
    • Decreased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transporters in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Simpson IA, Chundu KR, Davies-Hill T, Honer WG, Davies P (1994) Decreased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 glucose transporters in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 35:546-551
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 546-551
    • Simpson, I.A.1    Chundu, K.R.2    Davies-Hill, T.3    Honer, W.G.4    Davies, P.5
  • 63
    • 0023627915 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial function in brain tissue in primary degenerative dementia
    • Sims NR, Finegan JM, Blass JP, Bowen DM, Neary D (1987) Mitochondrial function in brain tissue in primary degenerative dementia. Brain Res 436:30-38
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.436 , pp. 30-38
    • Sims, N.R.1    Finegan, J.M.2    Blass, J.P.3    Bowen, D.M.4    Neary, D.5
  • 65
    • 0002380063 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between functional activity and energy metabolism in the nervous system: Whether, where and why
    • Lassen NA, Ingvar DH, Raichle ME, Friberg L (eds) Brain Work and Mental Activity. Quantitative Studies with Radioactive Tracers Copenhagen, Munksgaard
    • Sokoloff L (1991). Relationship between functional activity and energy metabolism in the nervous system: whether, where and why. In: Lassen NA, Ingvar DH, Raichle ME, Friberg L (eds) Brain Work and Mental Activity. Quantitative Studies with Radioactive Tracers. Alfred Benzon Symposium VIII Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Munksgaard pp. 52-67
    • (1991) Alfred Benzon Symposium VIII Munksgaard , pp. 52-67
    • Sokoloff, L.1
  • 67
    • 0025987048 scopus 로고
    • Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
    • Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP, Butters N, DeTeresa R, Hill R, Hansen LA, Katzman R (1991) Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 30:572-580
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 572-580
    • Terry, R.D.1    Masliah, E.2    Salmon, D.P.3    Butters, N.4    Deteresa, R.5    Hill, R.6    Hansen, L.A.7    Katzman, R.8
  • 69
    • 0033525773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial diseases in man and mouse
    • Wallace DC (1999) Mitochondrial diseases in man and mouse. Science 283:1482-1488
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1482-1488
    • Wallace, D.C.1
  • 70
    • 0024561501 scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome oxidase: An endogenous metabolic marker for neuronal activity
    • Wong-Riley MTT (1989) Cytochrome oxidase: an endogenous metabolic marker for neuronal activity. Trends Neuroscience 12:94-101
    • (1989) Trends Neuroscience , vol.12 , pp. 94-101
    • Wong-Riley, M.T.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.