Molecular characterization of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus defective interfering genomes: Packaging and heterogeneity

Virology

Volumn 217, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 495-507

  Méndez, Ana ^a   Smerdou, Cristian ^a   Izeta, Ander ^a   Gebauer, Fátima ^a   Enjuanes, Luis ^a  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONAVIRUS; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SWINE; VIRUS GENOME;

ANIMALIA; CORONAVIRUS; SUS SCROFA; TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS;

EID: 0342902630     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0144     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Ballesteros, M. L., Sánchez, C. M., Méndez, A., and Enjuanes, L. (1995). Recombination between transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus related isolates which differ in tropism and virulence. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 380, 557-562.
2. Baric, R. S., Stohlman, S. A., and Lai, M. M. C. (1983). Characterization of replicative intermediate RNA of mouse hepatitis virus: presence of leader RNA sequences on nascent chains. J. Virol. 48, 633-640.
3. Barrett, A. D. T., and Dimmock, N. J. (1986). Defective interfering viruses and infections of animals. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 128, 55-84.
4. Berschneider, H. M., and Powell, D. W. (1992). Fibroblasts modulate intestinal secretory responses to inflammatory mediators. J. Clin. Invest. 89, 484-489.
5. Bett, A. J., Prevec, L., and Graham, F. L. (1993). Packaging capacity and stability of human Adenovirus type 5 vectors. J. Virol. 67, 5911 -5921.
6. Boursnell, M. E. G., Brown, T. D. K., Foulds, I. J., Green, P. F., Tomley, F. M., and Binns, M. M. (1987). Completion of the sequence of the genome of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 68, 57-77.
7. Bredenbeek, P. J., Pachuk, C. J., Noten, A. F. H., Charite, J., Luytjes, W., Weiss, S. R., and Spaan, W. J. M. (1990). The primary structure and expression of the 2nd open reading frame of the polymerase gene of the coronavirus MHV-A59-A highly conserved polymerase is expressed by an efficient ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 1825-1832.
8. Brian, D. A., Chang, R. Y., Hofmann, M. A., and Sethna, P. B. (1994). Role of subgenomic minus strand RNA in coronavirus replication. Arch. Biol. 9(suppl.), 173-180.
9. Cavanagh, D., Brian, D. A., Enjuanes, L., Holmes, K. V., Lai, M. M. C., Laude, H., Siddell, S. G., Spaan, W., Taguchi, F., and Talbot, P. (1993). Revision of the taxonomy of the Coronavirus, Torovirus, and Arterivirus genera. Arch. Virol. 135, 227-237.
10. Cavanagh, D., Brian, D. A., Enjuanes, L., Holmes, K. V., Lai, M. M. C., Laude, H., Siddell, S. G., Spaan, W. J M., Taguchi, F., and Talbot, P. J. (1990). Recomendations of the Coronavirus Study Group for the nomenclature of the structural proteins, mRNAs and genes of coronaviruses. Virology 176, 306-307.
11. Chang, R. Y., Hofmann, M. A., Sethna, P. B., and Brian, D. A. (1994). A cis-acting function for the coronavirus leader in defective interfering RNA replication. J. Virol. 68, 8223-8231.
12. Dong, S., and Baker, S. (1994). Determinants of the p28 cleavage site recognized by the first papain-like cysteine proteinase of murine coronavirus. Virology 204, 541-549.
13. Eleouet, J. F., Rasschaert, D., Lambert, P., Levy, L., Vende, P., and Laude, H. (1995). Complete sequence (20 kilobases) of the polyprotein-encoding gene 1 of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Virology 206, 817-822.
14. Enjuanes, L., and Van der Zeijst, B. A. M. (1995). Molecular basis of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) epidemiology. In "The Coronaviridae" (S. G. Siddell, Ed.), pp. 337-376. Plenum, New York.
15. Fichot, Q., and Girard, M. (1990). An improved method for sequencing of RNA templates. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 6162.
16. Fosmire, J. A., Hwang, K., and Makino, S. (1992). Identification and characterization of a coronavirus packaging signal. J. Virol. 66, 3522-3530.
17. Gebauer, F., Posthumus, W. A. P., Correa, I., Suñé, C., Sánchez, C. M., Smerdou, C., Lenstra, J. A., Meloen, R, and Enjuanes, L. (1991). Residues involved in the formation of the antigenic sites of the S protein of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Virology 183, 225-238.
18. Herold, J., Raabe, T., Schelle-Prinz, B., and Siddell, S. G. (1993). Nucleotide sequence of the human coronavirus 229E RNA polymerase locus. Virology 195, 680-691.
19. Hofmann, M. A., Sethna, P. B., and Brian, D. A. (1990). Bovine coronavirus mRNA replication continues throughout persistent infection in cell culture. J. Virol. 64, 4108-4114.
20. Jeong, Y. S., and Makino, S. (1992). Mechanism of coronavirus transcription: Duration of primary transcription initiation activity and effects of subgenomic RNA transcription on RNA replication. J. Virol. 66, 3339-3346.
21. Jeong, Y. S., and Makino, S. (1994). Evidence for coronavirus discontinuous transcription. J. Virol. 68, 2615-2623.
22. Joo, M., and Makino, S. (1995). The effect of two closely inserted transcription consensus sequences on coronavirus transcription. J. Virol. 69, 272-280.
23. Kim, K. H., and Makino, S. (1995). Two murine coronavirus genes suffice for viral RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 69, 2313-2321.
24. Lai, M. M. C. (1990). Coronavirus - Organization, replication and expression of genome. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 44, 303-333.
25. Lai, M. M. C., Patton, C. D., Baric, R. S., and Stohlman, S. A. (1983). Presence of leader sequences in the mRNA of mouse hepatitis virus. J. Virol. 46, 1027-1033.
26. Lee, H. J., Shieh, C. K., Gorbalenya, A. E., Koonin, E. V., Lamonica, N., Tuler, J., Bagdzhadzhyan, A., and Lai, M. M. C. (1991). The complete sequence (22 Kilobases) of murine coronavirus gene-1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase. Virology 180, 567-582.
27. Liao, C. L., Zhang, X., and Lai, M. M. C. (1995). Coronavirus defective-interfering RNA as an expression vector: The generation of a pseudo-recombinant mouse hepatitis virus expressing hemagglutinin-esterase. Virology 208, 319-327.
28. Lin, Y. J., and Lai, M. M. C. (1993). Deletion mapping of a mouse hepatitis virus defective interfering RNA reveals the requirement of an internal and discontiguous sequence for replication. J. Virol. 67, 6110-6118.
29. Makino, S., Joo, M., and Makino, J. K. (1991). A system for study of coronavirus messenger RNA synthesis: A regulated, expressed subgenomic defective interfering RNA results from intergenic site insertion. J. Virol. 65, 6031-6041.
30. Makino, S., and Lai, M. M. C. (1989). High-frequency leader sequence switching during coronavirus defective interfering RNA replication. J. Virol. 63, 5285-5292.
31. Makino, S., Shieh, C.-K., Soe, L. H., Baker, S. C., and Lai, M. C. (1988a). Primary structure and translation of a defective interfering RNA of murine coronavirus. Virology 166, 550-560.
32. Makino, S., Shieh, C. K., Keck, J. G., and Lai, M. M. C. (1988b). Defective-interfering particles of murine coronaviruses: Mechanism of synthesis of defective viral RNAs. Virology 163, 104-111.
33. Makino, S., Taguchi, F., and Fujiwara, K. (1984). Defective interfering particles of mouse hepatitis virus. Virology 133, 9-17.
34. Makino, S., Yokomori, K., and Lai, M. M. C. (1990). Analysis of efficiently packaged defective interfering RNAs of murine coronavirus - Localization of a possible RNA-packaging signal. J. Virol. 64, 6045-6053.
35. Masters, P. S., Koetzner, C. A., Kerr, C. A., and Heo, Y. (1994). Optimization of targeted RNA recombination and mapping of a novel nucleocapsid gene mutation in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus. J. Virol. 68, 328-337.
36. McClurkin, A. W., and Norman, J. O. (1966). Studies on transmissible gastroenteritis of swine II. Selected characteristics of a cytopathogenic virus common to five isolates from transmissible gastroenteritis. Can. J. Comp. Vet. Sci. 30, 190-198.
37. Nunn, M., and Johnson, R. H. (1979). A simple technique for establishing cell lines from porcine blood. Australian Vet. J. 55, 446.
38. Pachuk, C. J., Bredenbeek, P. J., Zoltick, P. W., Spaan, W. J. M., and Weiss, S. (1989). Molecular cloning of the gene encoding the putative polymerase of mouse hepatitis coronavirus, strain A59. Virology 171, 141-148.
39. Page, K. W., Britton, P., and Boursnell, M. E. G. (1990). Sequence analysis of the leader RNA of two porcine coronavi ruses: transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and porcine respiratory coronavirus. Virus Genes 4, 289-301.
40. Peng, D., Koetzner, C. A., McMahon, T., Zhu, Y., and Masters, P. (1995). Construction of murine coronavirus mutants containing interspecies chimeric nucleocapsid proteins. J. Virol. 69, 5475-5484.
41. Penzes, Z., Tibbles, K., Shaw, K., Britton, P., Brown, T. D. K., and Cavanagh, D. (1994). Characterization of a replicating and packaged defective RNA of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 203, 286-293.
42. Rasschaert, D., Gelfi, J., and Laude, H. (1987). Enteric coronavirus TGEV: partial sequence of the genomic RNA, its organization and expression. Biochemie 69, 591-600.
43. Roux, L., Simon, A. E., and Holland, J. J. (1991). Effects of defective interfering viruses on virus replication and pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Adv. Virus Res. 40, 181-211.
44. Saif, L. J., and Wesley, R. D. (1992). Transmissible gastroenteritis. In "Diseases of Swine" (A. D. Leman, B. Straw, W. L. Mengeling, S. D' Allaire, and D. J. Taylor, Eds.), pp. 362-386. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA.
45. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989). "Molecular cloning: A Laboratory Manual." Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
46. Sánchez, C. M., Ballesteros, M. L., and Enjuanes, L. (1995). Tropism, virulence and primary genome structure in a cluster of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus derived from the Purdue isolate. Submitted for publication.
47. Sánchez, C. M., Gebauer, F., Suñe, C., Méndez, A., Dopazo, J., and Enjuanes, L. (1992). Genetic evolution and tropism of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses. Virology 190, 92-105.
48. Sánchez, C. M., Jménez, G., Laviada, M. D., Correa, I., Suñé, C., Bullido, M. J., Gebauer, F., Smerdou, C., Callebaut, P., Escribano, J. M., and Enjuanes, L. (1990). Antigenic homology among coronaviruses related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Virology 174, 410-417.
49. Sawicki, S. G., and Sawicki, D. L. (1990). Coronavirus transcription: subgenomic mouse hepatitis virus replicative intermediates function in RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 64, 1050-1056.
50. Schaad, M., and Baric, R. S. (1994). Genetics of mouse hepatitis virus transcription: evidence that subgenomic negative strands are functional. J. Virol. 68, 8169-8179.
51. Sethna, P. B., Hung, S. L., and Brian, D. A. (1989). Coronavirus subgenomic minus-strand RNAs and the potential for mRNA replicons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 5626-5630.
52. Sethna, P. B., Hofmann, M. A., and Brian, D. A. (1991). Minus-strand copies of replicating coronavirus mRNAs contain antileaders. J. Virol. 65, 320-325.
53. Siddell, S., Wege H., and ter Meu, V. (1983). The biology of coronaviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 64, 761-776.
54. Snijder, E. J., Wassenaar, A. L. M., and Spaan, W. J. M. (1994). Proteolytic processing of the replicase ORF1A protein of equine arteritis virus. J. Virol. 68, 5755-5764.
55. Spaan, W., Cavanagh, D., and Horzinek, M. C. (1988). Coronaviruses: Structure and genome expression. J Gen. Virol. 69, 2939-2952.
56. Spaan, W. H., Delius, H., Skinner, M., Armstrong, J., Rottier, P., Smeekens, S., van der Zeijst, B. A. M., and Siddell, S. G. (1983). Coronavirus mRNA synthesis involves fusion of non-contiguous sequences. EMBO J. 2, 1839-1844.
57. Tai, H. T., Smith, C. A., Sharp, P. A., and Vinograd, J. (1972). Sequence heterogeneity in closed simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid. J Virol. 9, 317-325.
58. Van der Most, R. G., Bredenbeek, P. J., and Spaan, W. J. M. (1991). A domain at the 3′ end of the polymerase gene is essential for encapsidation of coronavirus defective interfering RNAs. J. Virol. 65, 3219-3226.
59. Van der Most, R. G., De Groot, R. J., and Spaan, W. J. M. (1994). Subgenomic RNA synthesis directed by a synthetic defective interfering RNA of mouse hepatitis virus: A study of coronavirus transcription initiation. J. Virol. 68, 3656-3666.
60. Van der Most, R. G., Heijnen, L., Spaan, W. J. M., and Degroot, R. J. (1992). Homologous RNA recombination allows efficient introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of coronavirus MHV-A59 via synthetic co-replicating RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 3375-3381.
61. Van der Most, R. G., and Spaan, W. J. M. (1995). Coronavirus replication, transcription, and RNA recombination. In "The Coronaviridae" (S. G. Siddell, Ed.), pp. 11-31. Plenum, New York.
62. Vaughn, E. M., Halbur, P. G., and Paul, P. S. (1994). Three new isolates of porcine respiratory coronavirus with various pathogenicities and spike (S) gene deletions. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 1809-1812.
63. Wesley, R. D., Woods, R. D., and Cheung, A. K. (1991). Genetic analysis of porcine respiratory coronavirus, an attenuated variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. J. Virol. 65, 3369-3373.
64. Zhang, X., and Lai, M. M. C. (1994). Unusual heterogeneity of leader-mRNA fusion in a murine coronavirus: Implications for the mechanism of RNA transcription and recombination. J. Virol. 68, 6626-6633.