Lea symbols: Visual acuity assessment and detection of amblyopia

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Volumn 238, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 53-58

  Gräf, Michael H ^a   Becker, Ralph ^a   Kaufmann, Herbert ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMBLYOPIA; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; EYE REFRACTION; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LUMINANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VISION TEST; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0342879886     PISSN: 0721832X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004170050009     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Allen HF (1957) Testing of visual acuity in preschool children. Pediatrics 10:1093-1100
2. Allen HF (1961) A near-vision test for preschool children. Am J Ophthalmol 52:712-713
3. Bailey IL, Lovie JE (1976) New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. Am J Optom 53:740-745
4. Berlyne DE (1958) The influence of albedo and complexity of stimuli on visual fixation in human infants. Br J Psychol 49:315-318
5. Dobson V, McDonald MA, Kohl P, Stern N, Samek M, Preston K (1986) Visual acuity screening of infants with the acuity card procedure. J Am Optom Assoc 57:284-289
6. Fantz RL (1958) Pattern vision in young infants. Psychol Rec 8:43-47
7. Ferris FL III, Kassoff A, Bresnick GH, Bailey I (1982) New visual acuity charts for clinical research. Am J Ophthalmol 94:91-96
8. Flom MC, Weymouth FW, Kahnemann D (1963) Visual resolution and contour interaction. J Opt Soc Am 53:1026-1032
9. Frisén L, Frisén M (1981) How good is normal visual acuity? Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)215:149-157
10. Gräf M (1998) Objektive Schätzung der Mindestsehschärfe durch Suppression des optokinetischen Nystagmus. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 212:196-202
11. Gräf M, Becker R (1999) Sehschärfenbestimmung mit LH-Symbolen und Landoltringen. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 215:86-90
12. Gräf M, Becker R, Neff A (1995) Determination of visual acuity using Landolt optotypes and the LH-Test: comparative measurements. Strabismus 3:192-193
13. Gräf M, Becker R, Neff A, Kaufmann H (1996) Untersuchungen mit dem Cardiff-acuity-Test Ophthalmologe 93:333-340
14. Haase W, Hohmann A (1982) A new test (C-Test) for quantitative examination of crowding with test results in amblyopic and ametropic patients. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 180:210-215
15. Harvey EM, Miller JM, Dobson V, Lopez CA, Lopez FM (1998) A comparison of ETDRS (letter) acuity and Lea (symbol) acuity in a first grade population with a high prevalence of astigmatism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39 [Suppl]: S 947
16. Hedin A, Nyman KG, Derouet B (1980) A modified letter matching chart for testing young children's visual acuity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 17:114-118
17. Hered RW, Murphy S, Clancy M (1997) Comparison of the HOTV and Lea Symbols for preschool vision screening. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 34:24-28
18. Hyvärinen L, Näsänen R, Laurinen P (1980) New visual acuity test for preschool children. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 58:507-511
19. Katz B, Sireteanu R (1990) The Teller acuity card test: a useful method for the clinical routine? Clin Vis Sci 5:307-323
20. Kushner BJ, Lucchese NJ, Morton GV (1995) Grating visual acuity with Teller cards compared with Snellen visual acuity in literate patients. Arch Ophthalmol 113:485-493
21. Löhlein W, Richter W. Schwarz G (1920) Untersuchungen über die Sehschärfenbestimmung bei kleinen Kindern mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bedeutung psychischer Faktoren. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 102:146-183
22. McDonald MA, Dobson V, Sebris SL, Baith L, Varner D, Teller DY (1985) The acuity card procedure: a rapid test of infant acuity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26:1158-1162
23. Orel-Bixler DA, Schmidt P, Moore B, Ciner E, Cyen L, Dobson V, Maguire M (1997) Validity of the Lea visual acuity chart. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38[Suppl]: S 106
24. Rassow B, Wang Y (1999) Anschluß von Buchstaben-Optotypen an den Landolt-Ring für verschiedene Bereiche der Sehschärfe. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 215:119-126
25. Riggs LA (1966) Visual acuity. In: Graham CH (ed) Vision and visual perception. Wiley, New York, pp 321-349
26. Sheridan MD (1973) The STYCAR graded-balls vision test. Dev Med Child Neurol 15:423-432
27. Sheridan MD (1973) The Solo-dot test. Dev Med Child Neurol 15:433-436
28. Stuart JA, Burian HM (1962) A study of separation difficulty. Am J Ophthalmol 53:471-477
29. Teller DY (1979) The forced-choice preferential looking procedure: a psycho-physical technique for use with human infants. Infant Behav Dev 2:135-153
30. von Noorden GK (1996) Binocular vision and ocular motility: theory and management of strabismus. Mosby, St Louis, pp 154-162