Leucine zippers transcription factors

Protein Profile

Volumn , Issue 3rd, 1996, Pages 1-138

  Hurst, Helen C ^a  

^a IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0342820189     PISSN: 10703667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (210)

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18. SEQUENCES AND EXPRESSION OF bZIP PROTEINS
19. Bernard, L., P. Ciceri, and A. Viotti. 1994. Molecular analysis of wild-type and mutant alleles at the Opaque-2 regulatory locus of maize reveals different mutations and types of O2 products. Plant Mol. Biol. 24: 949-959.
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23. Burch, J. B. and D. L. Davis. 1994. Alternative promoter usage and splicing options result in the differential expression of mRNAs encoding four isoforms of chicken VBP, a member of the PAR subfamily of bZIP transcription factors. Nucleic Adds Res 22: 4733-4741.
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26. Chen, S. S. 1994. Functional role of the zipper motif region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein gp41. J. Viral. 68: 2002-2010.
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29. *Cordes, S. P. and G. S. Barsh. 1994. The mouse segmentation gene kr encodes a novel basic domainleucine zipper transcription factor. Cell 79: 1025-1034.
30. Ellis, M. J. C., H. C. Hurst, and S. Goodboum. 1995. A novel cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein-1 (creb-1) splice product may down-regulate creb-1 activity. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 14: 191-198.
31. Feldbrugge, M., M. Sprenger, M. Dinkelbach, K. Yazaki, K. Harter, and B. Weisshaar. 1994. Functional analysis of a light-responsive plant bZIP transcriptional regulator. Plant Cell 6: 1607-1621.
32. Feltkamp, D., R. Masterson, J. Starke, and S. Rosahl. 1994. Analysis of the involvement of ocs-like bZip-binding elements in the differential strength of the bidirectional masl'2' promoter. Plant Physiol. 105: 259-268.
33. Foletta, V. C., M. H. Sonobe, T. Suzuki, T. Endo, H. Iba, and D. R. Cohen. 1994. Cloning and characterisation of the mouse fra-2 gene. Oncogene. 9: 3305-3311.
34. Gallusci, P., F. Salarnini, and R. D. Thompson. 1994. Differences in cell type-specific expression of the gene Opaque 2 in maize and transgenic tobacco. Mol. Gen. Genet. 244: 391-400.
35. Heighway, J., G. R. White, A. L. Hartley, J. M. Birch, and M. F. Santibanez Koref. 1994 Rare variant (Glu to Lys) in the leucine zipper region of CHOP (GADD153). Oncogene. 9: 2737-2738.
36. Heyman, H. C. and E. Stavnezer. 1994. A carboxylterminal region of the ski oncoprotein mediates homodimenzation as well as heterodimerization with the related protein SnoN. J. biol. Chcm. 269: 26996-27003.
37. Hu, E., E. Mueller, S. Oliviero, V. E. Papaioannou, R. Johnson, and B. M. Spiegelman. 1994. Targeted disruption of the c-fos gene demonstrates c-fos-dependent and -independent pathways for gene expression stimulated by growth factors or oncogenes. EMBOJ. 13: 3094-3103.
38. Hummler, E., T. J. Cole,J. A. Blendy, R. Ganss, A. Aguzzi, W. Schmid, F. Beermann, and G. Schutz. 1994. Targeted mutation of the CREB gene: compensation within the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors. Proc. Nat!. Acad. Sa. U.S.A. 91: 5647-5651.
39. Hunger, S. P., P. E. Devaraj, L. Foroni, L. M. Seeker Walker, and M. L. Cleary. 1994. Two types of genomic rearrangements create alternative E2A-HLF fusion proteins in t(17;19)-ALL. Blood. 83: 2970-2977.
40. Igarashi, K., K. Itoh, H. Motohashi, N. Hayashi, Y. Matuzaki, H. Nakauchi, M. Nishizawa, and M. Yamamoto. 1995. Activity and expression of murine small maf family protein mafk. J. biol. Chem. 270: 7615-7624.
41. Imaki, J., K. Yoshida, and K. Yamashita. 1994 A developmental study of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry m the rat neocortex. Brain Res 651: 269-274.
42. Izawa, T., R. Foster, M. Nakajima, K. Shimamoto, and N. H. Chua. 1994. The rice bZIP transcriprional activator RITA-1 is highly expressed during seed development. Plant Cell 6: 1277-1287.
43. Jain, J., E. A. Nalefski, P. G. McCaffrey, R. S. Johnson, B. M. Spiegelman, V. Papaioannou, and A. Rao. 1994. Normal peripheral T-cell function in cFos-deficient mice. Mol. CellBiol. 14: 1566-1574.
44. Kataoka, K., K. T. Fujiwara, M. Noda, and M. Nishizawa. 1994. MafB, a new Maf family transcription activator that can associate with Maf and Fos but not with Jun. Mol. Cell biol. 14: 7581-7591.
45. Kataoka, K., K. Igarashi, K. Itoh, K. T. Fujiwara, M. Noda, M. Yamamoto, and M. Nishizawa. 1995. Small Maf proteins heterodimerize with Fos and may act as competitive repressers of the NF-E2 transcription factor. Mol. Cell Biol 15: 2180-2190.
46. Lincoln, A. J., S. C. Williams, and P. F. Johnson. 1994. A revised sequence of the rat c/ebp gene. Genes. Dev. 8: 1131-1132.
47. Luna, L., O. Johnsen, A. H. Skartlien, F. Pedeutour, C. Turc Carel, H. Prydz, and A. B. Kolsto. 1994. Molecular cloning of a putative novel human bZIP transcription factor on chromosome 17q22. Genomics. 22: 553-562.
48. Meier, I. and W. Gruissem. 1994. Novel conserved sequence motifs in plant G-box binding proteins and implications for interactive domains. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 470-478.
49. Miao, Z. H., X. Liu, and E. Lam. 1994. TGA3 is a distinct member of the TGA family of bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. biol. 25: 1-11.
50. Mohler.J., J. W. Mahaffey, E. Deutsch, and K. Vani. 1995. Control of drosophila head segment identity by the bzip homeotic gene cnc. Development. 121: 237-247.
51. Moi, P., K. Chan, I. Asunis, A. Cao, and Y. W. Kan. 1994. Isolation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nr£2), a NFE2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator that binds to the tandem NF-E2/AP1 repeat of the /?-globin locus control region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sä. U.S.A. 91: 9926-9930.
52. Neumann, F., P. Hemmerich, A. von Mikecz, H. H. Peter, and U. Krawinkel. 1995. Human ribosomal protein L7 inhibits cell-free translation in reticulocyte lysates and affects the expression of nuclear proteins upon stable transfection into Jurkat T-lymphoma cells. Nucleic Adds Res 23: 195-202.
53. Nojima, H., S. H. Leem, H. Araki, A. Sakai, N. Nakashima, Y. Kanaoka, and Y. Ono. 1994. Had: a novel yeast bZIP protein binding to the CRE motif is a multicopy suppressor for cdclO mutant of Schizosaccharomycespombe. Nucleic Adds Res 22: 5279-5288.
54. Panagopoulos, I., N. Mandahl, D. Ron, M. Hoglund, M. Nilbert, P. Mertens, F. Mitelman, and P. Aman. 1994. Characterization of the CHOP breakpoints and fusion transcripts in myxoid liposarcomas with the 12;16 translocation. Cancer Res 54: 6500-6503.
55. Pearlman, J. A., P. A. Powaser, S. J. Elledge, and C. T. Caskey. 1994. Troponin T is capable of binding dystrophin via a leucine zipper. FEES Lett. 354: 183-186.
56. Rieping, M., M. Fritz, S. Prat, and C. Gatz. 1994. A dominant negative mutant of PG13 suppresses transcription from a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S truncated promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell 6: 1087-1098.
57. Robertson, L. M., T. K. Kerppola, M. VendreU, D. Luk, R.J. Smeyne, C. Bocchiaro, J. I. Morgan, and T. Curran. 1995. Regulation of c-fos expression in transgenic mice requires multiple interdependent transcription control elements. Neuron. 14: 241-252.
58. Rolland, V., X. Le Liepvre, M. L. Houbiguian, M. Lavau, and I. Dugail. 1995. C/EBP a expression in adipose tissue of genetically obese Zucker rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 207: 761-767.
59. Schena, M. and R. W. Davis. 1994. Structure of homeobox-leucine zipper genes suggests a model for the evolution of gene families. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. U.S.A. 91: 8393-8397.
60. Shivdasani, R. A., M. F. Rosenblatt, D. Zuckerfranklin, C. W.Jackson, P. Hunt, C.J. M. Saris, and S. H. Orkin. 1995. Transcription factor nf-E2 is required for platelet formation independent of the actions of thrombopoietin/mgdf in megakaryocyte development. Cell 81: 695-704.
61. Soderman, E., J. Mattsson, M. Svenson, C. Borkird, and P. Engstrom. 1994. Expression patterns of novel genes encoding homeodomain leucine-zipper proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 145-154.
62. Sylvester, S. L., C. M. ap Rhys, J. D. Luethy Martindale, and N. J. Holbrook. 1994. Induction of GADD153, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/ EBP)-related gene, during the acute phase response in rats. Evidence for the involvement of C/EBPs in regulating its expression. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 20119-20125.
63. Tischmeyer, W., R. Grimm, H. Schicknick, W. Brysch, and K. H. Schlingensiepen. 1994. Sequencespecific impairment of learning by c-jun antisense oligonucleorides. Neuroreport. 5: 1501-1504.
64. Van Amsterdam, J. R., Y. Wang, R. C. Sullivan, and H. Zarbl. 1994. Elevated expression of the junB proto-oncogene is essential for v-fos induced transformation of Rat-1 cells. Oncogens. 9: 2969-2976.
65. Villarreal, X. C. and J. D. Richter. 1995. Analysis of at£2 gene-expression during early Xenopus laevis development. Gene 153: 225-229.
66. Walker, W. H., B. M. Sanborn, andj. F. Habener. 1994. An isoform of transcription factor crem expressed during spermatogenesis lacks the phosphorylation domain and represses cAMP-induced transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 12423-12427.
67. Wild, C., J. W. Dubay, T. GreenweU, T. J. Baird, T. G. Oas, C. McDanal, E. Hunter, and T. Matthews. 1994. Propensity for a leucine zipper-like domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 to form oligomers correlates with a role in virus-induced fusion rather than assembly of the glycoprotein complex. Proc. iVarf. Acad. Sti. U.S.A. 91: 12676-12680.
68. Wu, A. L. and W. S. Moye Rowley. 1994. GSH1, which encodes y-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is a target gene for yAP-1 transcriptional regulation. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 5832-5839.
69. Yeh, W. C., Z. Cao, M. Classon, and S. L. McKnight. 1995. Cascade regulation of terminal adipocyte differentiation by three members of the C/EBP family ofleucine zipper proteins. Genes. Dev. 9: 168-181.
70. Yin, J. C., J. S. Wallach, M. Del Vecchio, E. L. Wilder, H. Zhou, W. G. Quinn, and T. Tully. 1994. Induction of a dominant negative CREB transgene specifically blocks long-term memory in Drosophila. Cell 79: 49-58.
71. *Yin, J. C. P., M. Delvecchio, H. Zhou, and T. Tully. 1995. Creb as a memory modulator - induced expression of a dcreb2 activator isoform enhances longterm-memory in Drosophila. Cell 81: 107-115.
72. Yoshihara, T., T. Inaba, L. H. Shapiro, J. Y. Kato, and A. T. Look. 1995. E2a-hlf-mediated cell-transformation requires both the transactivation domains of e2a and the leucine-zipper dimerization domain of hlf Mot. Cell Biol. 15: 3247-3255.
73. Zinszner, H., R. Albalat, and D. Ron. 1994. A novel effector domain from the RNA-binding protein TLS or EWS is required for oncogenic transformation by CHOP. Genes. Dev. 8: 2513-2526.
74. DNA BINDING OF bZIP PROTEINS
75. de Pater, S., F. Katagiri, J. Kijne, and N. H. Chua. 1994. bZIP proteins bind to a palindromic sequence without an ACGT core located in a seed-specific element of the pea lectin promoter. Plant J. 6: 133-140.
76. Haas, N. B., C. A. Cantwell, P. F.Johnson, and J. B. E. Burch. 1995. DNA-binding specificity of the par basic leucine-zipper protein vbp partially overlaps those of the c/ebp and creb/atf families and is influenced by domains that flank the core basic region. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 1923-1932.
77. Hunger, S. P., R. Brown, and M. L. Cleary. 1994. DNA-binding and transcriptional regulatory properties of hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) and the t(17;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia chimera E2A-HLF. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 5986-5996.
78. Kerppola, T. K. and T. Curran. 1994. A conserved region adjacent to the basic domain is required for recognition of an extended DNA binding site by MafX Nrl family proteins. Oncogens. 9: 3149-3158.
79. Kürschner, C. and J. I. Morgan. 1995. The Maf protooncogene stimulates transcription from multiple sites in a promoter that directs Purkinje neuron-specific gene-expression. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 246-254.
80. Niu, X. and M. J. Guiltinan. 1994. DNA binding specificity of the wheat bZIP protein EmBP-1. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4969-4978.
81. Rorth, P. 1994. Specification of C/EBP function during Drosophila development by the bZIP basic region. Science 266: 1878-1881.
82. Tamaru, H., T. Nishida, T. Harashima, and H. Inoue. 1994. Transcriptional activation of a cycloheximide-inducible gene encoding laccase is mediated by cpc1, the cross-pathway control gene, in Neurospora crassa. Mol. Gen. Genet. 243: 548-554.
83. Yunes, J. A., G. Cord Neto, M. J. da Suva, A. Leite, L. M. Ottoboni, and P. Arruda. 1994. The transcriptional activator Opaque2 recognizes two different target sequences in the 22-kD-like a-prolamin genes. Plant Cell 6: 237-249.
84. THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF bZIP PROTEINS
85. Avitahl, N. and K. Calame. 1994. The C/EBP family of proteins distorts DNA upon binding but does not introduce a large directed bend. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 23553-23562.
86. Blackwell, T. K., B. Bowerman, J. R. Priess, and H. Weintraub. 1994. Formation of a monomeric DNA binding domain by Skn-1 bZIP and homeodomain elements. Science 266: 621-628.
87. DeLano, W. L. and A. T. Brunger. 1994. Helix packing in proteins: prediction and energetic analysis of dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric GCN4 coiled coil structures. Proteins. 20: 105-123.
88. *Glover, J. N. and S. C. Harrison. 1995. Crystal structure of the heterodimeric bZIP transcription factor c-Fos-c-Jun bound to DNA. Nature 373: 257-261.
89. Grokhovskii, S. L., A. N. Surovaia, and G. V. Gurskii. 1994. Synthesis and interaction of two peptides, modeling the DNA-binding domain of the v-jun transcription activator, with DNA. Mo!. Biol. Mask. 28: 11371148.
90. Grokhovskii, S. L., A. N. Surovaia, A. L. Zhuze, and G. V. Gurskii. 1994. Interaction of a synthetic pepride, containing a part of the DMA-binding domain ot the v-jun transcription activator, with DNA. Mol. Bin:. Mask. 28: 1128-1136.
91. Guiltinan, M. J. and L. Miller. 1994. Molecular characterization of the DNA-binding and dimerizadon domains of the bZIP transcription factor, ErnBP-1. Plant Mol. Biol.26: 1041-1053.
92. Harbury, P. B., P. S. Kim, and T. Alber. 1994 Crystal structure of an isoleucine-zipper trimer. Nature 371: 80-83.
93. Junius, F. K., J. P. MacKay, W. A. Bubb, S. A. Jensen, A. S. Weiss, and G. F. King. 1995. Nuclearmagnetic-resonance characterization of the jun leucinezipper domain -unusual properties of coiled-coil interfacial polar residues. Biochemistry 34: 6164-6174.
94. Kohn, W. D., C. M. Kay, and R. S. Hodges. 1995 Protein destabilization by electrostatic repulsions in the 2stranded 2-helical coiled-coil leucine-zipper. Protein. Sd. 4: 237-250.
95. Orten, D. J., J. M. Strawhecker, S. D. Sanderson, D. Huang, M. B. Prystowsky, and S. H. Hinrichs. 1994 Differential effects of monoclonal antibodies on activating transcription factor-1 and cAMP response element binding protein interactions with DNA. J. Biol. Ghent. 269: 32254-32263.
96. Potekhin, S. A., V. N. Medvedkin, I. A. Kashparov, and S. Y. Venyaminov. 1994. Synthesis and properties ot the peptide corresponding to the mutant form of the leucine zipper of the transcriprional activator GCN4 from yeast. Protein. Eng. 7: 1097-1101.
97. Rozzelle, J. E. J., A. Tropsha, and B. W. Erickson. 1994. Rational design of a three-heptad coiled-coil protein and comparison by molecular dynamics simulation with the GCN4 coiled coil: presence of interior three-center hydrogen bonds. Protein. Sd. 3: 345-355.
98. Suckow, M., A. Madan, B. Kisters Woike, B. von Wilcken Bergmann, and B. Muller Hill. 1994. Creating new DNA binding specificities in the yeast transcnptional activator GCN4 by combining selected ammo acid substitutions. Nucleic Adds Res 22: 2198-2208.
99. Suckow, M., K. Schwamborn, B. Kisters Woike, B. von Wilcken Bergmann, and B. Muller Hill. 1994 Replacement of invariant bZip residues within the basic region of the yeast transcriprional activator GCN4 can change its DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4395-4404.
100. Wendt, H., C. Berger, A. Baici, R. M. Thomas, and H. R. Bosshard. 1995. Kinetics of folding of leucinezipper domains. Biochemistry 34: 4097-4107.
101. HETERODIMERIZATION
102. Krylov, D., I. Mikhailenko, and C. Vinson. 1994. A thermodynamic scale for leucine zipper stability and dimerizarion specificity: e and g interhelical interactions. EMBOJ. 13:2849-2861.
103. Lumb, K. J. and P. S. Kirn. 1995. Measurement of interhelical electrostatic interactions in the gcn4 leucinezipper. Science 268: 436-439.
104. Patel, L. R., T. Curran, and T. K. Kerppola. 1994. Energy transfer analysis of Fos-Jun dimerization and DNA binding. Prof. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 7360-7364.
105. OTHER FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS
106. Brown, A. D., D. Lopezterrada, C. Denny, and K. A. W. Lee. 1995. Promoters containing atf-binding sites are de-regulated in cells that express the ews/atfl oncogene. Oncogene. 10: 1749-1756.
107. *Brown, H. J., J. A. Sutherland, A. Cook, A. J. Bannister, and T. Kouzarides. 1995. An inhibitor domain in c-Fos regulates activation domains containing the HOB1 motif. EMBOJ. 14: 124-131.
108. Countryman, J. K., L. Heston, L. Gradoville, H. Himmelfarb, S. Serdy, and G. Miller. 1994. Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus BMRF1 and BZLF1 promoters by ZEBRA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Viral. 68: 7628-7633.
109. Drysdale, C. M., E. Duenas, B. M. Jackson, U. Reusser, G. H. Braus, and A. G. Hinnebusch. 1995. The transcriptional activator gcn4 contains multiple activation domains that are critically dependent on hydrophobic amino-acids. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 1220-1233.
110. Flemington, E. K., J. P. Lytle, C. Cayrol, A. M. Borras, and S. H. Speck. 1994. DNA-binding-defective mutants of the Epstein-Barr virus lyric switch activator Zta transactivate with altered specificities. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 3041-3052.
111. Harter, K., S. Kircher, H. Frohnmeyer, M. Krenz, F. Nagy, and E. Schafer. 1994. Light-regulated modification and nuclear translocation of cytosolic G-box binding factors in parsley. Plant Cell 6: 545-559.
112. Klein, C. and K. Struhl. 1994. Increased recruitment of TATA-binding protein to the promoter by transcriptional activation domains in vivo. Science 266: 280-282.
113. Kowenz Leutz, E., G. Twamley, S. Ansieau, and A. Leutz. 1994. Novel mechanism of C/EBP beta (NF-M) transcnptional control: activation through derepression. Genes. Dev. 8:2781-2791.
114. Krajewski, W. and K. A. W. Lee. 1994. A monomeric derivative of the cellular transcription factor CREB functions as a constitutive activator. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 7204-7210.
115. Kuras, L. and D. Thomas. 1995. Functional-analysis of Met4, a yeast transcriptional activator responsive to Sadenosylmethionine. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 208-216.
116. Lieberman, P. M. and A. J. Berk. 1994. A mechanism for TAFs in transcriptional activation: activation domain enhancement of TFIID-TFIIA-promoter DNA complex formation. Genes. Dev. 8: 995-1006.
117. Matsuzaki, Y., J. Fujisawa, and M. Yoshida. 1995. Identification of transcriptional activation domain of trebS, a creb/atf family protein that binds to htlv-1 enhancer. J. Biochem. 117: 303-308.
118. Ruth, J., R. J. Schweyen, and H. Hut. 1994. The plant transcription factor TGA1 stimulates expression of the CaMV 35S promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Mol. Biol. 25: 323-328.
119. Vallejo, M., M. E. Gosse, W. Bekman, and J. F. Habener. 1995. Impaired cyclic-AMP-dependent phosphorylation renders creb a represser of c/ebp-induced transcription of the somatostatin gene in an insulinoina cell-line. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 415-424.
120. Vandel, L., C. M. Pfarr, S. Huguier, L. Loiseau, A. Sergeant, and M. Castellazzi. 1995. Increased transforming activity of JunB and JunD by introduction of an heterologous homodimerization domain. Oncogene. 10: 495-507.
121. Varagona, M. J. and N. V. Raikhel. 1994. The basic domain in the bZIP regulatory protein Opaque2 serves two independent functions: DNA binding and nuclear localization. Plant}. 5: 207-214.
122. King, L. and P. G. Quinn. 1994. Three distinct regions within the constitutive activation domain of cAMP regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) are required for transcription activation. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28732-28736.
123. DERIVATIZATION
124. *Alberts, A. S., M. Montminy, S. Shenolikar, andj. R. Feramisco. 1994. Expression of a peptide inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 increases phosphorylation and activity of CREB in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 4398-4407.
125. Bannister, A. J., H. J. Brown, J. A. Sutherland, and T. Kouzarides. 1994. Phosphorylation of the c-Fos and c-Jun HOB1 motif stimulates its activation capacity. Nucleic Adds Res 22: 5173-5176.
126. Black, E. J., A. D. Catling, J. R. Woodgett, A. Kilbey, and D. A. Gillespie. 1994. Transcriptional activation by the v-Jun oncoprotein is independent of positive regulatory phosphorylation. Oncogene. 9: 23632368.
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128. Cano, E., C. A. Hazzalin, and L. C. Mahadevan. 1994. Anisomycin-activated protein kinases p45 and p55 but not mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 and - 2 are implicated in the induction of c-fos and c-jun. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 7352-7362.
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131. Deng, T. and M. Karin. 1994. c-Fos transcnptional activity stimulated by H-Ras-activated protein kinase distinct from JNK and ERK. Nature 371: 171-175.
132. Enslen, H., H. Tokumitsu, and T. R. Soderling. 1995. Phosphorylation of CREB by CaM-kinase IV activated by CaM-kinase IV kinase. Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 207: 1038-1043.
133. Fiol, C. J., J. S. Williams, C. H. Chou, Q. M. Wang, P. J. Roach, and O. M. Andrisani. 1994. A secondary phosphorylation of CREB341 at Serl29 is required for the cAMP-mediated control of gene expression. A role for glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the control of gene expression./ Biol. Chem. 269: 32187-32193.
134. Grover Bardwick, A.,E. Adamson, and D. Mercola. 1994. Transformation-specific pattern of phosphorylation of c-Jun, Jun-B, Jun-D and Egr-1 in v-sis transformed cells. Caninogenesis 15: 1667-1674.
135. Gruda, M. C., K. Kovary, R. Metz, and R. Bravo. 1994. Regulation of Fra-1 and Fra-2 phosphorylation differs during the cell cycle of fibroblasts and phosphorylation in vitro by MAP kinase affects DNA binding activity. Oncogme. 9: 2537-2547.
136. Gupta, S., D. Campbell, B. Derijard, and R. J. Davis. 1995. Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science 267: 389393.
137. KaUunki, T., B. Su, I. Tsigelny, H. K. Sluss, B. Derijard, G. Moore, R. Davis, and M. Karin. 1994. JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. Genes. Dev. 8: 2996-3007.
138. Klimczak, L. J., M. A. Collinge, D. Farini, G. Giuliano, J. C. Walker, and A. R. Cashmore. 1995. Reconstitution of arabidopsis caesin kinase II from recombinant subunits and phosphorylation of transcription factor gbfl. Plant Cell 1: 105-115.
139. Kuge, S. and N.Jones. 1994. Yapl dependent activation of trx2 is essential for the response of Saccharomycescerei'isiae to oxidative stress by hydroperoxides. EMBOJ. 13: 655-664.
140. Li, W. C., G. M. Wang, R. R. Wang, and A. Spector. 1994. The redox active components H2O2 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine regulate expression of c-jun and c-fos in lens systems. Exp. Eye Res 59: 179-190.
141. Livingstone, C., G. Patel, and N.Jones. 1995. Atf-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain. EMBOJ. 14: 1785-1797.
142. Loriaux, M. M., R. G. Brennan, and R. H. Goodman. 1994. Modulatory function of CREB.CREM y. heterodimers depends upon CREM a phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 28839-28843.
143. MacDougald, O. A., P. Cornelius, R. Liu, and M. D. Lane. 1995. Insulin regulates transcription of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) a, , and ö genes in fully-differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 647-654.
144. Masson, N., M. Ellis, S. Goodbourn, and K. A. W. Lee. 1992. Cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase-a are present in f) embryonal carcinoma-cells but are unable to activate the somatostatin promoter. Mol. Cell Biol. 12: 1096-1106.
145. Matthews, R. P., C. R. Guthrie, L. M. Wailes, X. Zhao, A. R. Means, and G. S. McKnight. 1994. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase types II and IV differentially regulate CREB-dependent gene expression. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 6107-6116.
146. McNulty, S., A. W. Ross, P. Barren, M. H. Hastings, and P. J. Morgan. 1994. Melatonin regulates the phosphorylation of CREB in ovine pars tuberalis. J. Neuroendocrinol. 6: 523-532.
147. Minden, A., A. Lin, T. Smeal, B. Derijard, M. Cobb, R. Davis, and M. Karin. 1994. c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation correlates with activation of tinJNK subgroup but not the ERK subgroup of initogenactivated protein kinases. Mal. (ell Biol. 14: 66H3-06M8.
148. Pombo, C. M., J. V. Bonventre, J. Avruch, J. R. Woodgett, J. M. Kyriakis, and T. Force. 1994 Unstress-activated protein kinases are major c-Jun aminoternuml kinases activated by ischemia and repertiision. J. Biol. Clu-m. 269: 26546-26551.
149. Ray, A. and B. K. Ray. 1994. Serum amyloid A gene expression under acute-phase conditions involves participation of inducible C/EBP-/I and C/EBP-<5 and their activation by phosphorylation. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 43244332.
150. Reusch, J. E. B., P. Hsieh, D. Klemm, J. Hoeffler, and B. Draznin. 1994. Insulin inhibits dephosphorylation of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein activating transcription factor-i - effect on nuclear phosphoserine phosphatase-2a. Endocrinology 135: 2418-2422.
151. Smeal, T., M. Hibi, and M. Karin. 1994. AJtenng the specificity of signal transduction cascades: positive regulation ot c-Jun transcriptional activity by protein kinase A. EMBOJ. 13: 6006-6010.
152. Srinivas, S., A. Schonthal, and W. Eckhart. 1994. Polyomavirus middle-sized tumor antigen modulates cJun phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. Prof. \'atl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 10064-10068.
153. Sun, P., H. Enslen, P. S. Myung, and R. A. Maurer. 1994. Differential activation of CREB by Ca2+/calmoduh'n-dependent protein kinases type II and type IV involves phosphorylation ot a site that negatively regulates activity. Genes. Dei'. 8: 2527-2539.
154. Trautwein, C., P. van der Geer, M. Karin, T. Hunter, and M. Chojkier. 1994. Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations ot LAP (NF-IL6) modulate its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 2554-2561.
155. Vandam, H., D. Wilhelm, I. Herr, A. Steffen, P. Herrlich, and P. Angel. 1995. Atf-2 is preferentially activated by stress-activated protein-kinases to mediate cjun induction in response to genotoxic agents. EMBOJ. 14: 1798-1811.
156. Westwick, J. K., A. D. Cox, C. J. Der, M. H. Cobb, M. Hibi, M. Karin, and D. A. Brenner. 1994 Oncogenk Ras activates c-Jun via a separate pathway from the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 6030-6034.
157. Westwick, J. K., C. Weitzel, H. L. Leffert, and D. A. Brenner. 1995. Activation ofjun kinase is an early event in hepatic regeneration. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 803-810.
158. Westwick, J. K., C. Weitzel, A. Minden, M. Karin, and D. A. Brenner. 1994. Tumor necrosis factor x stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation ot the c-Jun kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 26396-26401.
159. *Wheat, W. H., W. J. Roesler, and D. J. Klemm. 1994. Simian virus 40 small tumor antigen inhibits dephosphorylation of protein kinase A-phosphorylated CREB and regulates CREB transcriptional stimulation. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 5881-5890.
160. Xanthoudakis, S. and T. Curran. 1994. Analysis of cFos and c-Jun redox-dependent DNA binding activity. Methods Enzymol. 234: 163-174.
161. Xie, H. and T. L. Rothstein. 1995. Protein kinase C mediates activation of nuclear cAMP response elementbinding protein (CREB) in B lymphocytes stimulated through surface lg. J. Immunol, 154: 1717-1723.
162. Yao, K. S., S. Xanthoudakis, T. Curran, and P. J. O'Dwyer. 1994. Activation of AP-1 and of a nuclear redox factor, Ref-1, in the response of HT29 colon cancer cells to hypoxia. Mol Cell biol. 14: 5997-6003.
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164. OTHER INTERACTING PROTEINS
165. Adya, N. and C. Z. Giam. 1995. Distinct regions in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I tax mediate interactions with activator protein CREB and basal transcnption factors. J. Virol. 69: 1834-1841.
166. *Adya, N., L. J. Zhao, W. Huang, I. Boros, and C. Z. Giam. 1994. Expansion of CREB's DNA recognition specificity by Tax results from interaction with Ala-AlaArg at positions 282-284 near the conserved DNAbmding domain of CREB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 5642-5646.
167. Anderson, M. G. and W. S. Dynan. 1994. Quantitative studies of the effect of HTLV-I Tax protein on CREB protein-DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 3194-3201.
168. Arany, Z., D. Newsome, E. Oldread, D. M. Livingston, and R. Eckner. 1995. A family of transcriptional adapter proteins targeted by the Ela oncoprotein. Nature 374: 81-84.
169. Berger, S. L., B. Pina, N. Silverman, G. A. Marcus, J. Agapite, J. L. Regier, S. J. Triezenberg, and L. Guarente. 1992. Genetic isolation of ada2 - a potential transcriptional adapter required for function of certain acidic activation domains. Cell 70: 251-265.
170. Chen, J. Y., S. Penco.J. Ostrowski, P. Balaguer, M. Pons, J. E. Starre, P. Reczek, P. Chambon, and H. Gronemeyer. 1995. Rar-specific agonist/antagonists which dissociate transactivation and apl transrepression inhibit anchorage-independent cell-proliferation. EMBO J. 14: 1187-1197.
171. Corthesy, B. and P. N. Kao. 1994. Purification by DNA affinity chromatography of two polypeptides that contact the NF-AT DNA binding site in the interleukin 2 promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 20682-20690.
172. Dai, T. N., E. Rubie, C. C. Franklin, A. Kraft, D. A. F. Gillespie, J. Avruch, J. M. Kyriakis, and J. R. Woodgett. 1995. Stress-activated protein-kinases bind directly to the <5-domain of c-jun in resting cells implications for repression of c-jun function. Oncogene. 10: 849-855.
173. Diehl, J. A. and M. Hannink. 1994. Identification of a C/EBP-Rel complex in avian lymphoid cells. Mol. Cell biol. 14: 6635-6646.
174. Du, W. and T. Maniatis. 1994. The high mobility group protein HMG I(Y) can stimulate or inhibit DNA binding of distinct transcription factor ATF-2 isoforms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 11318-11322.
175. Banjul, A., M. I. Dawson, P. D. Hobbs, L.Jong.J. F. Cameron, E. Harlev, G. Graupner, X. P. Lu, and M. Pfahl. 1994. A new class of retinoids with selective inhibition of AP-1 inhibits proliferation. Nature 372: 107-111.
176. Franklin, C. C., A. V. McCulloch, and A. S. Kraft. 1995. In vitro association between the Jun protein family and the general transcription factors, TBP and TFIIB. Biockem.J. 305: 967-974.
177. Georgakopoulos, T. and G. Thireos. 1992. 2 distinct yeast transcriptional activators require the function of the gcn5 protein to promote normal levels of transcription. EMBOJ. 11: 4145-4152.
178. Heck, S., M. Kulimann, A. Gast, H. Ponta, H. J. Rahmsdorf, P. Herrlich, and A. C. Cato. 1994. A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1. EMBOJ. 13: 4087-4095.
179. Horiuchi, J., N. Silverman, G. A. Marcus, and L. Guarente. 1995. AD A3, a putative transcriptional adaptor, consists of two separable domains and interacts with ADA2 and GCN5 in a trimeric complex. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 1203-1209.
180. Kim, S. J., S. Wagner, F. Liu, M. A. O'Reffly, P. D. Robbins, and M. R. Green. 1992. Retinoblastoma gene product activates expression of the human TGf- 2 gene through transcription factor ATF-2. Nature 358: 331-334.
181. Lieberman, P. 1994. Identification of functional targets of the Zta transcriptional activator by formation of stable preinitiation complex intermediates. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 8365-8375.
182. Liu, F. and M. R. Green. 1994. Promoter targeting by adenovirus Ela through interaction with different cellular DNA-binding domains. Nature 368: 520-525.
183. Low, K. G., H. M. Chu, P. M. Schwanz, G. M. Daniels, M. H. Meiner, and M. J. Comb. 1994. Novel interactions between human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax and activating transcription factor 3 at a cyclic AMPresponsive element. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 4958-4974.
184. Lundblad, J. R., R. P. S. Kwok, M. E. Laurance, M. L. Harter, and R. H. Goodman. 1995. Adenoviral E la-associated protein p300 as a functional homolog of the transcriptional coactivator CBP. Nature 374: 85-88.
185. Marcus, G. A., N. Silverman, S. L. Berger, J. Horiuchi, andL. Guarente. 1994. Functional similarity and physical association between gcn5 and ada2-putative transcriptional adapters. EMBOJ. 13: 4807-4815.
186. Metz, R., A. J. Bannister, J. A. Sutherland, C. Hagemeier, E. C. O'Rourke, A. Cook, R. Bravo, and T. Kouzarides. 1994. c-Fos-induced activation of a TATA-box-containing promoter involves direct contact with TATA-box-binding protein. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 6021-6029.
187. Metz, R., T. Kouzarides, and R. Bravo. 1994. A Cterminal domain in FosB, absent in FosB/SF and Fra-1, which is able to interact with the TATA binding protein, is required for altered cell growth. EMBOJ. 13: 38323842.
188. Nagpal, S., J. Athanikar, and R. A. Chandraratna. 1995. Separation of transactivation and API antagonism functions of retinoic acid receptor alpha. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 923-927.
189. Natoli, G., M. L. Avantaggiati, P. Chirillo, P. L. Puri, A. lanni, C. Balsano, and M. Levrero. 1994. Ras- and Raf-dependent activation of c-jun transcriptional activity by the hepatitis B virus transactivator pX. Oncogene. 9. 2837-2843.
190. Ozer, J., P. A. Moore, A. H. Bolden, A. Lee, C. A. Rosen, and P. M. Lieberman. 1994. Molecular cloning of the small (y) subunit of human TFI1A reveals functions critical for activated transcription. Genes. Dev. 8: 23242335.
191. Robinson, G. L., £. Henderson, M. E. Massari, C. Murre, and R. Stein. 1995. c-jun inhibits insulin control element-mediated transcription by affecting the transactivation potential of the E2A gene products. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 1398-1404.
192. Roesler, W. J., J. G. Graham, R. Kolen, D. J. Klemm, and P. J. McFie. 1995. The cAMP response element-binding protein synergizes with other transcription factors to mediate cAMP responsiveness. J. Biol. Chem. 270:8225-8232.
193. Sun, P. Q. and R. A. Maurer. 1995. An inactivating point mutation demonstrates that interaction of cAMP response element-binding protein (creb) with the creb binding-protein is not sufficient for transcriptional activation./ Biol Chem. 270: 7041-7044.
194. Teurich, S. and P. Angel. 1995. The glucocorticoid receptor synergizes with jun homodimers to activate API-regulated promoters lacking gr binding-sites. Chem. Senses. 20: 251-255.
195. Timchenko, N., D. R. Wilson, L. R. Taylor, S. Abdelsayed, M. Wilde, M. Sawadogo, and G. J. Darlington. 1995. Autoregulation of the human C/ EBP alpha gene by stimulation of upstream stimulatory factor binding. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 1192-1202.
196. Vig, E., T. J. Barrett, and W. V. Vedeckis. 1994. Coordinate regulation of glucocorticoid receptor and cjun mRNA levels: evidence for cross-talk between two signaling pathways' at the transcriptional level. Mol. Endocrinol. S: 1336-1346.
197. Wasylyk, B., C. Wasylyk, P. Flores, A. Bègue, D. Leprince, and D. Stehelin. 1990. The c-ets protooncogenes encode transcription factors that cooperate with c-Fos and c-Jun for transcriptional activation. Nature 346: 191-193.
198. Williams, J. S. and O. M. Andrisani. 1995. The hepatitis-B virus x-protein targets the basic regionleucine zipper domain of creb. Proc. Nat!. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 92: 3819-3823.
199. Xu, X., D. A. Brown, I. Kitajima, J. Bilakovics, L. W. Fey, and M. I. Nerenberg. 1994. Transcriptional suppression of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat occurs by an unconventional inter-action of a CREB factor with the R region. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 5371-5383.
200. Yaseen, N. R., J. Park, T. Kerppola, T. Outran, and S. Sharma. 1994. A central role for Fos in human B- and T-cell NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells): an acidic region is required for in vitro assembly. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 6886-6895.
201. Yin, M. J., E. J. Paulssen, J. S. Seeler, and R. B. Gaynor. 1995. Protein domains involved in both in-invo and in-vitro interactions between human T-cell leukemiavirus type-i tax and creb. J. Virol. 69: 3420-3432.
202. Zhang, Q., D. Gutsch, and S. Kenney. 1994. Functional and physical interaction between p53 and BZLF1: implications for Epstein-Barr virus latency. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 1929-1938.
203. METHODS
204. Bunker, C. A. and R. E. Kingston. 1995. Identification of a cDNA for SSRP1, an HMG-box protein, by interaction with the c-Myc oncoprotein in a novel bacterial expression screen. Nucleic Adds Res 23: 269-276.
205. Chang, H. C., Z. Bao, Y. Yao, A. G. Tse, E. C. Goyarts, M. Madsen, E. Kawasaki, P. P. Brauer, J. C. Sacchettini, S. G. Nathenson, and et al. 1994. A general method for facilitating heterodimeric pairing between two proteins: application to expression of a and T-cell receptor extracellular segments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 91: 11408-11412.
206. Chatton, B., A. Bahr, J. Acker, and C. Kedinger. 1995. Eukaryotic gst fusion vector for the study of protein-protein associations in-vivo -application to interaction of atfa withjun and fos. Biotechniques. 18: 142-145.
207. Crameri, R., R. Jaussi, G. Menz, and K. Blaser. 1994. Display of expression products of cDNA libraries on phage surfaces. A versatile screening system for selective isolation of genes by specific gene-product/ligand interaction. Eur.J. Biochem. 226: 53-58.
208. Paietta, J. V. 1995. Analysis of cys3 regulator function in Neurospora crassa by modification of leucine-zipper dimerization specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 1044-1049.
209. Ribeiro, A., A. Brown, and K. A. W. Lee. 1994. An in vivo assay for members of the cAMP response elementbinding protein family of transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem.269: 31124-31128.
210. *Sollerbrant, K., G. Akusjarvi, S. Linder, and C. Svensson. 1995. The DNA-binding domains of the yeast ga!4 and human c-jun transcription factors interact through the zmc-fmger and bzip motife. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 588-594.