The prothoracic gland revisited

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Volumn 91, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 168-174

  Sláma, Karel ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ENTOMOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Brain prothoracic gland model; Ecdysteroid; Insect hormones; Metamorphosis control; Polyhydroxylated sterol; Sterol reutilization

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPODA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EMBRYOPHYTA; FILICOPHYTA; FUNGI; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0342504086     PISSN: 00138746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aesa/91.2.168     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Bollenbacher, W. E., and M. F. Bowen. 1983. The prothoracicotropic hormone, pp. 89-100. In R.G.H. Downer and H. Laufer [eds.], Endocrinology of insects. Liss, New York.
2. Bounhiol, J. J. 1938. Recherches expérimentales sur le déterminisme de la métamorphose chez les Lépidoptères. Bull. Biol. Suppl. 24: 1-199.
3. Cherbas, L., and P. Cherbas. 1970. Distribution and metabolism of α ecdysone in pupae of the silkworm Antheraea polyphemus. Bioll. Bull. Woods Hole 138: 115-128.
4. Delbecque, J.-P., and K. Sláma. 1980. Ecdysteroid titres during autonomous metamorphosis in a dermestid beetle. Z. Naturforsch. Teil C Biochem. Biophys. Biol. Virol. 35: 1066-1080.
5. Fukuda, S. 1944. The hormonal mechanism of larval molting and metamorphosis in the silkworm. J. Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IV Zool. 6: 477-532.
6. Gersch, M. 1978. Die klassische Vorstellung der hormonalen Steuerung der Insektentwicklung im Lichte neuer experimenteller Tatsachen: Produktion von Häutungshormone ausserhalb der Prothorakaldrüse. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 82: 171-184.
7. Gilbert, L. I. 1962. Maintenance of the prothoracic gland by the juvenile hormone of insects. Nature (Lond.) 193: 1205-1207.
8. Hachlow, W. 1931. Zur Entwicklungsmechanik der Schmetterlinge. Arch. EntwMech. Org. 125: 26-49.
9. Hanser, G., and P. Karlson. 1957. Über die Wirkung des Metamorphosehormons auf die Epidermis von Ephestia-Dauerraupen. Biol. Zentbl. 76: 129-141.
10. Hinton, H. 1951. The structure and function of the endocrine glands of the Lepidoptera. Proc. S. Lond. Entomol. Soc. 1950-1: 124-160.
11. Hoffmann, H. 1996. Effects of ovariectomy and allatectomy on ecdysteroid synthesis and ecdysteroid titers during larval-adult development of Gryllus bimaculatus (Ensifera, Gryllidae), p. 50. In X. Bellés [ed.], XIIth Ecdysone Workshop, Barcelona (abstr.).
12. Hsiao, T. H., C. Hsiao, and J. De Wilde. 1976. Molting hormone titer changes and their significance during development of the Colorado beetle. Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J. Insect Physiol. 22: 1257-1261.
13. Karlson, P. 1964. Kurzes Lehrbuch der Biochemie, 4th ed. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart.
14. Kopeć, S. 1917. Experiments on metamorphosis of insects. Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracoviae (B) 57-60.
15. Macháčková, I., M. Vágner, and K. Sláma. 1995. Comparison between the effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and phytohormones on growth and development in plants. Eur. J. Entomol. 92: 309-316.
16. Novák, V.J.A. 1966. Insect hormones. Methuen, London.
17. Pflugfelder, O. 1958. Entwicklungsphysiologie der Insekten. Geest & Portig KG, Leipzig.
18. Piepho, H. 1951. Über die Lenkung der Insektenmetamorphose durch Hormone. Verb. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 62-76.
19. aRees, H. H. 1995. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis and inactivation in relation to function. Eur. J. Entomol. 92: 9-40.
20. Riddiford, L. M. 1995. Hormonal regulation of gene expression during lepidopteran development, pp. 293-322. In M. R. Goldsmith and A. S. Wilkins [eds.], Molecular model systems in the Lepidoptera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
21. 1996. Juvenile hormone: the status of its "status quo" action. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 32: 271-286.
22. Romer, F. 1971. Häutungshormone in den Oenozyten des Mehlkäfers. Naturwissenschaften 58: 324-325.
23. Sakurai, S., J. T. Warren, and L. I. Gilbert. 1991. Ecdysteroid synthesis and molting by the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, in the absence of prothoracic glands. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 18: 13-36.
24. Scharrer, E. 1959. Neuroendocrine relations. General and phylogenetic interpretations of neuroendocrine interrelations, pp. 233-249. In A textbook of comparatiave endocrinology. Wiley, New York.
25. Sehnal, F., A. Fonágy, H. Akai, and H. G. Kallenborn. 1988. Prothoracic glands and ecdysteroid titre in Galleria mellonella larvae. J. Insect Physiol. 34: 609-614.
26. Sláma, K. 1976. Old concepts and new findings on hormonal control of morphogenesis in Dermestes. Colloq. Int. Cent. Natl. Rech. Sci. 251: 499-506.
27. 1979. Insect hormones and antihormones in plants, pp. 673-700. In G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen [eds.], Herbivores, their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic, New York.
28. 1980. Homeostatic function of ecdysteroids in ecdysis and oviposition. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 77: 145-168.
29. 1982. Inverse relationships between ecdysteroid titres and total body metabolism in insects. Z. Naturforsch. Teil C Biochem. Biophys. Biol. Virol. 37: 839-844.
30. 1983. Illusive functions of the prothoracic gland in Galleria. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 80: 161-176.
31. 1985. Pharmacology of insect juvenile hormones. Compr. Insect Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 11: 357-394.
32. 1988. The mysterious thoracic hormonal centre in insects, pp. 663-675. In F. Sehnal, A. Zabza, and D. L. Denlinger [eds. 1 Endocrinological frontiers in physiological insect ecology. Wroclaw Technical University Press, Wroclaw.
33. 1993. Ecdysteroids: insect hormones, plant defensive factors or human medicine? Phytoparasitica 21: 3-8.
34. 1995. The present status of the mode of action of insect juvenile hormone. Neth. J. Zool. 45: 71-78.
35. Sláma, K., and R. Lafont. 1995. Insect hormones - ecdysteroids: their presence and actions in vertebrates. Eur. J. Entomol. 92: 355-378.
36. Sláma, K., and J. Malá. 1984. Growth and respiratory enzyme activity in the prothoracic glands of Galleria. J. Insect Physiol. 30: 877-882.
37. Sláma, K., and F. Weyda. 1997. The "all-or-none" rule in morphogenetic action of juvenile hormone on insect epidermal cells. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B. 264: 1463-1470.
38. Sláma, K., K. Koudela, J. Tenora, and A. Mathová. 1996. Insect hormones in vertebrates: anabolic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Japanese quail. Experientia 52: 702-706.
39. Svoboda, J. A., and M. J. Thompson. 1985. Steroids. Compr. Insect Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 10: 137-175.
40. Wigglesworth, V. B. 1940. The determination of characters at metamorphosis in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). J. Exp. Biol. 17: 201-222.
41. 1970. Insect hormones. Oliver & Boyd, R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh.
42. Williams, C. M. 1952. Physiology of insect diapause. IV. The brain and prothoracic glands as an endocrine system in the cecropia silkworm. Biol Bull. 103: 120-138.
43. 1987. Midgut of lepidopteran pupae is a major depot of sequestered, mobilizable, ecdysteroids. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 82: 47-49.