The toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, during smoltification

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 437-447

  Seubert, J M ^a   Kennedy, C J ^a  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Benzo a pyrene; Biotransformation; Coho; Enzymes; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Pollution; Salmo; Smoltification; Toxicokinetics

Indexed keywords

EID: 0342411193     PISSN: 09201742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007704213813     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andersson, T., Koivusaari, U. and Förlin, L. 1985. Xenobiotic biotransformation in the rainbow trout liver and kidney during starvation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 82C: 221-225.
2. Barron, M.G. 1986. Endocrine control of smoltification in anadromous salmonids. J. Endocrinol. 108: 313-319.
3. Bauermiester, A., Lewendon, A., Ramage, P.I.N. and Nimmo, I.A. 1983. Distribution and some properties of the glutathione S-transferase and -glutamyl transpeptidase activities of rainbow trout. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 74C: 89-93.
4. Bend, J.R. and James, M.O. 1978. Xenobiotic metabolism in marine and freshwater species. In Biochemical and Biophysical Perspectives in Marine Biology. Vol. 4, pp. 126-188. Edited by D.C. Malins and J.R. Sargent. Academic Press, New York.
5. +-ATPase, hematocrit, and plasma glucose. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 1430-1435.
6. Blake, R.L. and Roberts, F.L. 1984. Parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): activities of two respiratory enzymes and concentrations of mitochondria in the liver. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 41: 199-203.
7. Boeuf, G. 1992. Salmonid smolting: a pre-adaptation to the oceanic environment. In Fish Ecophysiology. pp. 105-135. Edited by J.C. Rankin and J.B. Jensen. Chapman and Hall, New York.
8. Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254.
9. Buhler, D.R. and Williams, D.E. 1989. Enzymes involved in metabolism of PAH by fishes and other aquatic animals: oxidative enzymes (or Phase I enzymes). In Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, pp. 151-184. Edited by U. Varanasi. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
10. Burke, M.D. and Mayer, R.T. 1974. Ethoxyresorufin: direct fluorometric assay of microsomal O-dealkylation which is preferentially induced by 3-methylcolanthrene. Drug Metab. Disp. 2: 583-588.
11. Elnenaey, E.A. and Schoor, W.P. 1981. The separation of the isomeric phenols of benzo[a]pyrene by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 111: 393-400.
12. Fessler, J.L. and Wagner, H.H. 1969. Some morphological and biochemical changes in steelhead trout during the parr-smolt transformation. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 26: 2823-2841.
13. Fiske, C.H. and Subbarow, Y. 1925. The colormetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem. 66: 375-389.
14. 2+-activated ATPase activities with non-specific phosphatase activities. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 76B: 745-754.
15. Folmar, L.C. and Dickhoff, W.W. 1980. The parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) and seawater adaptation in salmonids: a review of selected literature. Aquaculture 21: 1-32.
16. Förlin, L. and Andersson, T. 1985. Storage conditions of rainbow trout liver cytochrome P-450 and conjugating enzymes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80B: 569-572.
17. Foureman, G.L. 1989. Enzymes involved in metabolism of PAH by fishes and other aquatic animals: hydrolysis and conjugation enzymes (or Phase II enzymes). In Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. pp. 185-202. Edited by U. Varanasi. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
18. Gregus, Z., Watkins, J.B., Thompson, T.N., Harvey, M.J., Rozman, K. and Klaassen, C.D. 1983. Hepatic Phase I and Phase II biotransformations in quail and trout: comparison to other species commonly used in toxicity testing. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 67: 430-441.
19. Gmur, D.J. and Varanasi, U. 1982. Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites isolated from muscle, liver, and bile of a juvenile flatfish. Carcinogenesis 3: 1397-1403.
20. Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. 1974. Glutathione-S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130-7139.
21. Hansson, T. and Gustafsson, J.-A. 1981. Sex differences in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 4-androsterone-3, 17-dione in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 44: 181-188.
22. Higgins, P.J. 1985. Metabolic differences in salmonids. Aquaculture 21: 1-37.
23. Hoar, W.S. 1963. The endocrine regulation of migratory behavior in anadromous teleosts. Proc. XVI Int. Congr. Zool. 15: 14-20.
24. Kennedy, C.J., Gill, K.A. and Walsh, P.J. 1989a. Thermal modulation of benzo[a]pyrene uptake in the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8: 863-869.
25. Kennedy, C.J., Gill, K.A. and Walsh, P.J. 1989b. Thermal modulation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism by the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. Aquat. Toxicol. 15: 331-344.
26. Kennedy, C.J., Gill, K.A. and Walsh, P.J. 1991. In-vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in the blood of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. Mar. Environ. Res. 31: 37-53.
27. Kennish, J.M., Bolinger, R.A., Chambers, K.A. and Russell, M.L. 1992. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activity in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during spawning migration. Mar. Environ. Res. 34: 293-298.
28. 14C-3,4-benzopyrene after administration to mice and rats. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 28: 699-724.
29. Lorz, H.W. and McPherson, B.P. 1976. Effects of copper or zinc in fresh water on the adaptation to sea water and ATPase activity, and the effects of copper on migratory disposition of coho salmon (Oncorhynchys kisutch). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 38: 2023-2030.
30. +-ATPase in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. J. Endocrinol. 138: 23-30.
31. +-ATPase changes during rapid transfer to sea water of yearling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: time course and seasonal variation. J. Fish Biol. 34: 829-840.
32. Malikova, E.M. 1959. Biochemical analysis of young salmon at the time of their transformation to a condition close to the smolt stage and during retention of smolts in freshwater. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Trans. Ser. No. 232: 1-19.
33. McKeown, B.A. 1984. Fish Migration. Croom Helm, Sydney.
34. Moles, A., Rice, S.D. and Korn, S. 1979. Sensitivity of Alaskan freshwater and anadromous fishes to Prudhoe Bay crude oil and benzene. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 108: 408-414.
35. Omura, T. and Sato, R. 1964. The carbon monoxide-binding pigment of liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 2370-2378.
36. Pajor, A.M., Stegeman, J.J., Thomas, P. and Woodin, B.R. 1990. Feminization of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system in brook trout by estradiol, testosterone, and pituitary factors. J. Exp. Zool. 253: 51-60.
37. Peterson, G.L. 1978. A simplified method for analysis of inorganic phosphate in the presence of interfering substances. Anal. Biochem. 84: 164-172.
38. Plisetskaya, E.M., Swanson, P., Bernard, M.G. and Dickhoff, W.W. 1988. Insulin in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the parr to smolt transformation. Aquaculture 72: 151-164.
39. Pritchard, J.B. and Bend, J.R. 1984. Mechanisms controlling the renal excretion of xenobiotics in fish: effects of chemical structure. Drug Metabol. Rev. 15: 655-671.
40. Pritchard, J.B. and Bend, J.R. 1991. Relative roles of metabolism and renal excretory mechanisms in xenobiotic elimination by fish. Eviron. Health Perspect. 90: 85-92.
41. Rodgers, J.D., Ewing, R.D. and Hal, J.D. 1987. Physiological changes during seaward migration of wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 452-457.
42. Schnell, J.V., Gruger Jr., E.H. and Malins, D.C. 1980. Monooxygenase activities of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) liver microsomes using three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substrates. Xenobiotica 10: 229-234.
43. Sheridan, M.A., Allen, W.V. and Kerstetter, T.H. 1985a. Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, associated with parr-smolt transformation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80B: 671-676.
44. Sheridan, M.A., Woo, N.Y.S. and Bern, H.A. 1985b. Changes in the rates of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in selected tissues of the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) associated with parr-smolt transformation. J. Exp. Zool. 236: 35-44.
45. Sheridan, M.A. 1989. Alterations in lipid metabolism accompanying smoltification and seawater adaptation of salmonid fish. Aquaculture 82: 191-204.
46. Skett, P. 1990. Role of hormones in the control of mixed function oxidases. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18: 24-26.
47. Stegeman, J.J., Woodin, B.R. and Binder, R.L. 1984. Patterns of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism by varied species, organs, and developmental stages of fish. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 65: 371-377.
48. Thomas, R.E. and Rice, S.D. 1981. Excretion of aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites by freshwater and seawater Dolly Varden char. In Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, pp. 425-448. Edited by J. Vernberg, A. Calabrase, F.P. Thurberg and W.B. Vernberg. Academic Press, New York.
49. Thomas, R.E. and Rice, S.D. 1982. Metabolism and clearance of phenolic and mono-, di-, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by Dolly Varden char. In Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant Toxicity. pp. 161-176. Edited by J. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, T.P. Thurberg and W.B. Vernberg. Academic Press, New York.
50. Thomas, R.E. and Rice, S.D. 1986. Effect of temperature on uptake and metabolism of toluene and napthalene by dolly varden char, Salvenlinus malma. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 84C: 83-86.
51. Varanasi, U., Nishimoto, N., Reichert, W. and Stein, J. 1982. Metabolism and subsequent covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to macromolecules in gonads and liver of ripe English sole (Parophrys vetulus). Xenobiotica 12: 417-425.
52. Varanasi, U., Nishimoto, M., Baird, W.M. and Smolarek, T.A. 1989. Metabolic activation of PAH in subcellular fractions and cell cultures from aquatic and terrestrial species. In Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment, pp. 203-250. Edited by U. Varanasi. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
53. Waxman, D.J. and Chang, T.K.H. 1995. Hormonal regulation of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. In Cytochrome P450. Structure, Mechanism and Biochemistry. 2nd Ed. pp. 391-418. Edited by P.R. Ortiz de Montellano. Plenum Press, New York.
54. Wiggs, A.J., Henderson, E.B., Saunders, R.L. and Kutty, M.N. 1989. Activity, respiration and excretion of ammonia by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt and post smolt. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 46: 790-795.
55. Wedemeyer, G.A., Saunders, R.L. and Clarke, W.C. 1979. Environmental factors affecting smoltification and early marine survival of anadromous salmonids. Mar. Fish. Rev. 42: 1-14.
56. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
57. Zaugg, W.S. 1982. Some changes in smoltification and seawater adaptability of salmonids resulting from environmental and other factors. Aquaculture 28: 143-151.
58. Zaugg, W.S. and McLain, L.R. 1972. Changes in gill adenosine triphosphate activity associated with parr-smolt transformation in steelhead trout, coho and spring chinook salmon. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 29: 167-171.