Viewer Aggression and Attraction to Television Talk Shows

Media Psychology

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 331-362

  Rubin, Alan M ^a   Haridakis, Paul M ^a   Eyal, Keren ^a  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0242719963     PISSN: 15213269     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0504_02     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Alexander, A. (1985). Adolescents' soap opera viewing and relational perceptions. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29, 295-308.
2. Armstrong, C. B., & Rubin, A. M. (1989). Talk radio as interpersonal communication. Journal of Communication, 39(2), 84-94.
3. Atkin, C., Greenberg, B., Korzenny, F., & McDermott, S. (1979). Selective exposure to televised violence. Journal of Broadcasting, 23, 5-13.
4. Auter, P. J., & Moore, R. L. (1993). Buying from a friend: A content analysis of two teleshopping programs. Journalism Quarterly, 70, 425-436.
5. Avery, R. K., Ellis, D. G., & Glover, T. W. (1978). Patterns of communication on talk radio. Journal of Broadcasting, 22, 5-17.
6. Barnouw, E. (1990). Tube of plenty: The evolution of American television (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Berkowitz, L., & Alioto, J. T. (1973). The meaning of an observed event as a determinant of its aggressive consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 206-217.
8. Blanchard, D. C., Graczyk, B., & Blanchard, R. J. (1986). Differential reactions of men and women to realism, physical damage, and emotionality in violent films. Aggressive Behavior, 12, 45-55.
9. Blunder, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication Research, 6, 9-36.
10. Brinson, S. L., & Winn, J. E. (1997). Talk shows' representation of interpersonal conflicts. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 25-39.
11. Bryant, J. (1989). Viewers' enjoyment of televised sports violence. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, sports, & society (pp. 270-289). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Bryant, J., & Zillmann, D. (1984). Using television to alleviate boredom and stress: Selective exposure as a function of induced excitational states. Journal of Broadcasting, 28, 1-20.
13. Burgoon, J. K. (1976). The Unwillingness to Communicate Scale: Development and validation. Communication Monographs, 43, 60-69.
14. Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343-349.
15. Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
16. Busselle, R. W. (2001). Television exposure, perceived realism, and exemplar accessibility in the social judgment process. Media Psychology, 3, 43-67.
17. Comstock, G., & Strasburger, V. C. (1990). Deceptive appearances: Television violence and aggressive behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11, 31-44.
18. Conway, J. C., & Rubin, A. M. (1991). Psychological predictors of television viewing motivation. Communication Research, 18, 443-463.
19. Davis, S., & Mares, M. L. (1998). Effects of talk show viewing on adolescents. Journal of Communication, 48(3), 69-86.
20. Diener, E., & DeFour, D. (1978). Does television violence enhance program popularity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 333-341.
21. Dorr, A., & Kovaric, P. (1980). Some people some of the time - but which people? Televised violence and its effects. In E. L. Palmer & A. Dorr (Eds.), Children and the faces of television: Teaching, violence, selling (pp. 183-199). New York: Academic Press.
22. Finn, S. (1997). Origins of media exposure: Linking personality traits to IV, radio, print, and film use. Communication Research, 24, 507-529.
23. Garramone, G. M. (1983). Issue versus image orientation and effects of political advertising. Communication Research, 10, 59-76.
24. Grant, A. E., Guthrie, K. K., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1991). Television shopping: Media system dependency perspective. Communication Research, 18, 773-798.
25. Greenberg, B. S. (1974). Gratifications of television viewing and their correlates for British children. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 71-92). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
26. Greenberg, B. S. (1975). British children and televised violence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 38, 531-547.
27. Greenberg, B. S., Sherry, J. L., Busselle, R. W., Hnilo, L. R., & Smith, S. W. (1997). Daytime television talk shows: Guests, content, and interactions. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 412-426.
28. Gunter, B. (1983). Do aggressive people prefer violent television? British Psychological Bulletin, 36, 166-68.
29. Gunter, B. (1985). Dimensions of television violence. New York: St. Martin's Press.
30. Gunter, B. (1994). The question of media violence. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 163-211). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
31. Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1990). The influence of sex and violence on the appeal of rock music videos. Communication Research, 17, 212-234.
32. Haridakis, P. M. (2002). Viewer characteristics, exposure to television violence, and aggression. Media Psychology, 4, 323-352.
33. Hawkins, R. P., Pingree, S., Hitchon, J., Gorham, B. W., Kannaovakun, P., Kahlor, L., et al. (2001). Predicting selection and activity in television genre viewing. Media Psychology, 3, 237-263.
34. Hearold, S. (1986). A synthesis of 1043 effects of television on social behavior. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communication and behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 65-133). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
35. Heller, M. S., & Polsky, S. (1976). Studies in violence and television. New York: American Broadcasting Company.
36. Hoffher, C., & Cantor, J. (1991). Perceiving and responding to mass media characters. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes (pp. 63-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
37. Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and parasocial interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19, 215-229.
38. Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (1986). The development of aggression in children of different cultures: Psychological processes and exposure to violence. In L. R. Huesmann & L. D. Eron (Eds.), Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison (pp. 1-27). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
39. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Utilization of mass communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19-32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
40. Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the use of the mass media for important things. Studies of Broadcasting, 9, 31-65.
41. Kim, J., & Rubin, A. M. (1997). The variable influence of audience activity on media effects. Communication Research, 24, 107-135.
42. Klapper, J. T. (1963). Mass communication research: An old road resurveyed. Public Opinion Quarterly, 27, 515-527.
43. Krcmar, M., & Greene, K. (1999). Predicting exposure to and uses of television violence. Journal of Communication, 49(3), 24-45.
44. Krcmar, M., & Greene, K. (2000). Connections between violent television exposure and adolescent risk taking. Media Psychology, 2, 195-217.
45. Lanis, K., & Covell, K. (1995). Images of women in advertisements: Effects on attitudes related to sexual aggression. Sex Roles, 32, 639-649.
46. Levy, M. R. (1979). Watching TV news as para-social interaction. Journal of Broadcasting, 23, 69-80.
47. Levy, M. R., & Windahl, S. (1984). Audience activity and gratifications: A conceptual clarification and exploration. Communication Research, 11, 51-78.
48. Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Adams, S. M. (1989). Physiological desensitization and judgments about female victims of violence. Human Communication Research, 15, 509-522.
49. Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Penrod, S. (1988). The effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 758-768.
50. Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1981). The effects of mass media exposure on acceptance of violence against women: A field experiment. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 436-446.
51. Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1985). The effects of aggressive pornography on beliefs in rape myths: Individual differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 299-320.
52. McIntyre, J. J., Teevan, J. J., & Hartnagel, T. (1972). Television violence and deviant behavior. In G. A. Comstock & E. A. Rubinstein (Eds.), Television and social behavior: Television and adolescent aggressiveness (Vol. 3, pp. 383-435). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
53. Medoflf, N. J. (1982). Selective exposure to televised comedy programs. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 10, 117-132.
54. Munson, W. (1993). All talk: The talk show in media culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
55. Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1993). Aggression in television programs in Finland. Aggressive Behavior, 19, 175-183.
56. Paik, H., & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21, 516-546.
57. Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 175-196.
58. Peck, J. (1995). TV talk shows as therapeutic discourse: The ideological labor of the televised talking cure. Communication Theory, 5, 58-81.
59. Perse, E. M. (1990a). Involvement with local television news: Cognitive and emotional dimensions. Human Communication Research, 16, 556-581.
60. Perse, E. M. (1990b). Media involvement and local news effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34, 17-36.
61. Perse, E. M. (1994a). Television viewing motives scale. In R. B. Rubin, P. Palmgreen, & H. E. Sypher (Eds.), Communication research measures: A sourcebook (pp. 371-376). New York: Guilford.
62. Perse, E. M. (1994b). Uses of erotica and acceptance of rape myths. Communication Research, 21, 488-515.
63. Perse, E. M., & Rubin, A. M. (1990). Chronic loneliness and television use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34, 37-53.
64. Potter, W. J. (1986). Perceived reality and the cultivation hypothesis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 30, 159-174.
65. Potter, W. J. (1997). The problem of indexing risk of viewing television aggression. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 14, 228-248.
66. Potter, W. J., & Chang, I. C. (1990). Television exposure measures and the cultivation hypothesis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 30, 313-333.
67. Robinson, J. P., & Bachman, J. G. (1972). Television viewing habits and aggression. In G. A. Comstock & E. A. Rubinstein (Eds.), Television and social behavior: Television and adolescent aggressiveness (Vol. 3, pp. 372-382). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
68. Rossler, P., & Brosius, H. B. (2001). Do talk shows cultivate adolescents' views of the world? A prolonged-exposure experiment. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 143-163.
69. Rubin, A. M. (1981). An examination of television viewing motivations. Communication Research, 8, 141-165.
70. Rubin, A. M. (1983). Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivations. Journal of Broadcasting, 27, 37-51.
71. Rubin, A. M. (1984). Ritualized and instrumental television viewing. Journal of Communication, 34(3), 67-77.
72. Rubin, A. M. (1993). Audience activity and media use. Communication Monographs, 60, 98-105.
73. Rubin, A. M. (1998). Personal involvement with the media. In J. S. Trent (Ed.), Communication: Views from the helm for the 21st century (pp. 257-263). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
74. Rubin, A. M. (2002). The uses-and-gratifications perspective of media effects. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 525-548). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
75. Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987a). Audience activity and soap opera involvement: A uses and effects investigation. Human Communication Research, 14, 246-268.
76. Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987b). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58-84.
77. Rubin, A. M., Perse, E. M., & Powell, R. A. (1985). Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing. Human Communication Research, 12, 155-180.
78. Rubin, A. M., Perse, E. M., & Taylor, D. (1988). A methodological examination of cultivation. Communication Research, 15, 107-134.
79. Rubin, A. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1985). Interface of personal and mediated communication: A research agenda. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 2, 36-53.
80. Rubin, A. M., & Step, M. M. (1997). Viewing television talk shows. Communication Research Reports, 14(1), 106-115.
81. Rubin, A. M., & Step, M. M. (2000). Impact of motivation, attraction, and parasocial interaction on talk radio listening. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 635-654.
82. Rubin, A. M., West, D. V., & Mitchell, W. S. (2001). Differences in aggression, attitudes toward women, and distrust as reflected in popular music preferences. Media Psychology, 3, 25-42.
83. Rubin, R. B., & McHugh, M. P. (1987). Development of parasocial interaction relationships. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31, 279-292.
84. Scharrer, E. (2001). Men, muscles, and machismo: The relationship between television violence exposure and aggression and hostility in the presence of hypermasculinity. Media Psychology, 3, 159-188.
85. Schlosser, J. (1997, December 15). Jerry Springer: Punching the envelope. Broadcasting & Cable, 127, 32-40.
86. Scott, D. V. (1996). The v-chip debate: Blocking television sex, violence, and the first amendment. Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Journal, 16, 741-758.
87. Siegel, J. (1985). The measurement of anger as a multidimensional construct. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 59-82). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
88. Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and attitude change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17-34.
89. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 219-220.
90. Springer's shows "too violent." (1998, August 10). BBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2003, from http://news.bbc.co.Uk/l/hi/entertainment/148408.stm
91. Tavener, J. (2000). Media, morality, and madness: The case against sleaze TV. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 17, 63-85.
92. Trigoboff, D. (1998, March 30). Educators don't want to keep "Springer" after school. Broadcasting & Cable, 128, 11.
93. Turner, J. R. (1993). Interpersonal and psychological predictors of parasocial interaction with different television performers. Communication Quarterly, 41, 443-453.
94. Universal Domestic Television. (2002). Meet Jerry. Jerry Springer. Retrieved June 30, 2003, from http://www.uni-television.com/jerry/meetjerry.html
95. Wester, S. R., Crown, C. L., Quatman, G. L., & Heesacker, M. (1997). The influence of sexually violent rap music on attitudes of men with little prior experience. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 497-508.
96. Windahl, S., Hojerback, I., & Hedinsson, E. (1986). Adolescents without television: A study in media deprivation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 30, 47-63.
97. Zillmann, D., Hezel, R. T., & Medoff, N. J. (1980). The effect of affective state on selective exposure to televised entertainment fare. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 323-339.