FRanjo tudjman's nationalist ideology

East European Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 449-472

  Uzelak, Gordana ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0242688734     PISSN: 00128449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), p.93.
2. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Ibid., p. 13.
3. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Ibid., p.54.
4. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Ibid., p.382.
5. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Ibid., p.93.
6. Breuilly, J., Nationalism and the State (Ibid.
7. Of 50 analyzed articles, 27 were one page articles, 14 articles were more then one page and only 9 articles were less then one page in size.
8. Only 10 articles were not announced.
9. Twenty-five analyzed articles were accompanied with one picture, 15 articles with more then one picture, and 8 articles with four or more pictures. Only two articles were not covered with the President's picture.
10. The residence of the President of Croatia in Zagreb.
11. In November 1991, the JNA's Air-forces bombed the area of the president's residence.
12. Originally politikant - in the Dictionary of the Croatian language - the man who is dealing with the daily, immediate policy without broader ideas and visions, who is involved in small political combinations and struggles [Anic, 1994].
13. Here is the list of the phrases used: history (11 times), historical circumstances (2), historical paradox (1), historical social development (1), historical meaning (3), historically well known (1), historical necessity (1), historically untrue (1), historical dream (2), historical tradition (2), historical events (4), historical wheel (2), historical territory (1), historically true (1), historical perspective (1), historical results (3), historical task (3), of historical importance (1), historical reasons (3), historical reality (1), historical fact (1), historical period (4), historical distance (1), historical context (1), historical responsibility (1), historical scene (1), historical experience (1), historical development (1), historical step-forward (1), historical connection (1), historical days (1), historical decision (2), historical act (2), tragic history (1), historical changes (1).
14. The list of such expressions is longer, and will be given in the chapter which deals with internal and external enemies.
15. The Croatian Parliament.
16. Yugoslavian Peoples' Army - Jugoslavenska Narodna Armija (JNA)
17. Originally: "Sudovi su mi donosili odluke bez mog znanja."
18. At the beginning of this section it is important to emphasize one particularity of the Croatian language regarding the term nation. Unlike in other Slavic languages which have the word narod for the nation, the Croatian language also has the term nacija. The term narod can have three meanings: firstly a nation, secondly a broad social stratum that preserves original customs, and finally a people [Anic, 1994]. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to determine when, in this example Franjo Tudjman talks about a nation and when about a people. On the other hand, the phrase Hrvatski narod (in direct translation - Croatian people) strictly refers to the Croatian nation.
19. In the analyzed articles Tudjman mentions 10 times "defending national interests" as the primary aim of the Croatian government. The other aims mentioned are as follows: "spiritual and national renaissance" (4), "breaking with bureaucratic organizations" (2), "defending constitutional order" (4), "liberation of all Croatian territories" (8), "stable Croatia" (4), "democratization" (2), "creation of the welfare state" (5).
20. At the end of the First World War Croatia, which was part of the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire, lost Istria and parts of Dalmatia, which was the price the international community paid for Italian involvement in the war on the side of the Allies. After the Second World War, these territories became a part of the Republic of Croatia.
21. A territory which today belongs to Slovenia.
22. It is also interesting that the problem of regionalism in 1992 Tudjman mentioned only once, but in 1993 four times as well as in 1994.
23. The city in Dalmatia.
24. Tudjman described Yugoslavia as "unitaristic: (4), "hell" (2 times), "an artificial creation" (2),"a place where the Croatian national identity has been suppressed" (6).
25. In the Croatian language there is a difference between those members of a Serbian nationality who are living in Serbia - Srbijanci, and those who are living in Croatia - Srbi. Considering the fact that a similar distinction does not exist in English, the terms "Serbs from Serbia" and "Serbs from Croatia" will be used.
26. In the 1974 Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Muslims are recognized as a separate national group for the first time. During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims are trying to determine their national identity more strictly. Since 1992 there were different suggestions for naming their nationality: Muslims, Bosnian Muslims, Bosnians, Bosniaks, etc.