Pt-Pd reefs in magnetitites of the Stella layered intrusion, South Africa: A world of new exploration opportunities for platinum group elements

Geology

Volumn 31, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 885-888

  Maier, W D ^a   Barnes, S J ^b   Gartz, V ^c   Andrews, G ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À CHICOUTIMI   (Canada)

^c Harmony Gold Mining Co Ltd   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Greenstone belts; Magnetite; Platinum group elements; South Africa; Stella intrusion

Indexed keywords

MAGNETITE GABBROS; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS (PGE);

MAGNETITE; OXIDES; PALLADIUM; PLATINUM; ROCKS;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

GABBRO; GREENSTONE BELT; LAYERED INTRUSION; MAGNETITE; MINERALIZATION; PALLADIUM; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0242678493     PISSN: 00917613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/G19746.1     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Andersen, J.C.Ø., Rasmussen, H., Nielsen, T.F.D., and Rønsbo, J.G., 1998, The Triple Group and the Platinova Au and Pd reefs in the Skaergaard intrusion: Stratigraphic and petrographic relations: Economic Geology, v. 93, p. 485-509.
2. Andrews, G., 2003, Platinum-group element mineralization in the Stella layered intrusion, Kraaipan greenstone belt [M.S. thesis]: Grahamstown, South Africa, Rhodes University, 115 p.
3. Barnes, S.-J., 1993, Partitioning of the platinum group elements and gold between silicate and sulphide magmas in the Munni Munni Complex, Western Australia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 1277-1290.
4. Barnes, S.-J., and Maier, W.D., 2002, Platinum-group elements and microstructures of normal Merensky Reef from Impala platinum mines, Bushveld Complex: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 103-128.
5. Barnes, S.-J., Couture, J.-F., Sawyer, E.W., and Bouchaib, C., 1993, Nickel-copper occurrences in the Belleterre-Angliers belt of the Pontiac subprovince and the use of Cu-Pd ratios in interpreting platinum-group element distributions: Economic Geology, v. 88, p. 1402-1419.
6. Barrie, C.T., MacTavish, A.D., Walford, P.C., Chataway, R., and Middaugh, R., 2002, Contact-type and magnetitite reef-type Pd-Cu mineralization in ferroan olivine gabbros of the Coldwell Complex, Ontario, in Cabri, L.J., ed., The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and mineral beneficiation of platinum-group elements: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Special Volume 54, p. 321-338.
7. Bird, D.K., Brooks, C.K., Gannicott, R.A., and Turner, P.A., 1991, A gold-bearing horizon in the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 1083-1092.
8. Brenan, J.M., Dalpe, C., and McDonough, W.F., 2002, PGEs are fractionated by olivine-melt partitioning [abs.]: Davos, Switzerland, Goldschmidt Conference, p. A103.
9. Brügmann, G.E., Arndt, N.T., Hofmann, A.W., and Tobschall, H.J., 1987, Noble metal abundances in komatiite suites from Alexo, Ontario, and Gorgona Island, Colombia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, p. 2159-2169.
10. Buchanan, D.L., Nolan, J., Suddaby, P., Rouse, J.E., Viljoen, M.J., and Davenport, J.W.J., 1981, The genesis of sulfide mineralization in a part of the Potgietersrus limb of the Bushveld Complex: Economic Geology, v. 76, p. 568-579.
11. Capobianco, C.J., Hervig, R.L., and Drake, M.J., 1994, Experiments on crystal-liquid partitioning of Ru, Rh and Pd for magnetite and hematite solid solutions crystallized from silicate melt: Chemical Geology, v. 113, p. 23-43.
12. Crocket, J.H., 2002, Platinum-group element geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks, in Cabri, L.J., ed., The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and mineral beneficiation of platinum-group elements: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Special Volume 54, p. 177-210.
13. Hauck, S.A., Severson, M.J., Zanko, L., Barnes, S.-J., Morton, P., Alminas, H., Foord, E.E., and Dahlberg, E.H., 1997, An overview of the geology and oxide, sulphide, and platinum-group element mineralization along the western and northern contacts of the Duluth Complex, in Ojakangas, R.W., et al., eds., Middle Proterozoic to Cambrian rifting, central North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 312, p. 137-186.
14. Irvine, T.N., 1975, Crystallization sequences in the Muskox intrusion and other layered intrusions: II. Origin of chromitite layers and similar deposits of other magmatic ores: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 39, p. 991-1020.
15. Lorand, J.P., Keays, R.R., and Bodinier, J.L., 1993, Copper and noble metal enrichments across the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary of mantle diapirs: Evidence from the Lanzo Iherzolite massif: Journal of Petrology, v. 34, p. 1111-1140.
16. Maier, W.D., and Barnes, S.-J., 1999, Platinum-group elements in silicate rocks of the lower, critical and main zones at Union Section, Western Bushveld Complex: Journal of Petrology, v. 40, p. 1647-1671.
17. Maier, W.D., Barnes, S.-J., De Klerk, W.J., Teigler, B., and Mitchell, A.A., 1996, Cu/Pd and Cu/Pt of silicate rocks in the Bushveld Complex: Implications for platinum-group element exploration: Economic Geology, v. 91, p. 1151-1158.
18. Miller, J.D., Jr., 1999, Geochemical evaluation of platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization in the Sonju Lake intrusion, Finland, Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Information Circular 44, 32 p.
19. Mutanen, T., 1989, Koitelainen intrusion and Kevitsa-Satovaara Complex: Geological Survey of Finland Guide 28, 49 p.
20. Nakamura, N., 1974, Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 38, p. 757-773.
21. Naldrett, A.J., and Lehmann, J., 1988, Spinel nonstoichiometry as the explanation for Ni-, Cu-, and PGE-enriched sulphides in chromitites, in Prichard, H.M., et al., eds., Geo-Platinum 87: Barking, UK, Elsevier, p. 93-109.
22. Naldrett, A.J., and Wilson, A.H., 1990, Horizontal and vertical variations in noble-metal distribution in the Great Dike of Zimbabwe: A model for the origin of the PGE mineralization by fractional segregation of sulphide: Chemical Geology, v. 88, p. 279-300.
23. Page, N.J., von Gruenewaldt, G., Haffty, J., and Aruscavage, P.J., 1982, Comparison of platinum, palladium, and rhodium distributions in some layered intrusions with special reference to the late differentiates (upper zone) of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Economic Geology, v. 91, p. 439-450.
24. Peregoedova, A., and Ohnenstetter, M., 2002, Collectors of Pt, Pd and Rh in an S-poor Fe-Ni-Cu sulphide system at 760C: Experimental data and application to PGE deposits: 9th International Platinum Symposium, Billings, Montana, Abstract with Program: Durham, North Carolina, Duke University, p. 367-370.
25. Prendergast, M., Bennett, M., and Henicke, G., 1998, Platinum exploration in the Rincon del Tigre Complex, eastern Bolivia: Institute of Mining Metallurgy Transactions, ser. B, v. 107, p. 39-47.
26. Richards, J.M., and Martin, G.J., 2002, The mineralogical examination of 2 flotation products from C-1 high grade sample, the Stella Pt project, Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd., with emphasis on PGM deportment: Johannesburg, South Africa, Lakefield Research Africa, Mineralogical report MIN 1201/163 (Internal report to Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd.), 13 p.
27. Rollinson, H.R., 1993, Using geochemical data: Evaluation, presentation, interpretation: Harlow, UK, Longman Scientific and Technical, 352 p.
28. Rowell, W.F., and Edgar, A.D., 1986, Platinum-group element mineralization in a hydrothermal Cu-Ni sulphide occurrence, Rathbun Lake, northeastern Ontario: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 1272-1277.
29. Sa, J.H.S., 1992, Feicoes petroquimicas relacionadas a estrutura do corpo Gulcari 'A' no complexo maficoultramafico do Rio Jacaré, Maracas, Bahia: Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Sao Paulo, Congresso Brasileiro do Geologia, Botetim de Resumos Expandidos, Abstracts, p. 460-462.
30. von Gruenewaldt, G., 1976, Sulfides in the upper zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 1324-1335.
31. Willmore, C.C., Boudreau, A.E., and Kruger, F.J., 2000, The halogen geochemistry of the Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa: Implications for chalcophile element distribution in the lower and critical zones: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, p. 1517-1539.