Decomposition of nitrogenous compounds by intestinal bacteria in hummingbirds

Auk

Volumn 120, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1091-1101

  Preest, Marion R ^a,b   Folk, Donna G ^a,c   Beuchat, Carol A ^a,d  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b The Claremont Colleges   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVIFAUNA; BACTERIUM; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN COMPOUND;

ANIMALIA; ANNA; AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CALYPTE ANNA; GALLUS GALLUS; TROCHILIDAE;

EID: 0242653676     PISSN: 00048038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4090280     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. AKESTER, A. R., R. S. ANDERSON, R. J. HILL, AND G. W. OSWALDISTON. 1967. A radiographic study of urine flow in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 8:209-212.
2. ANDERSON, G. L., AND E. J. BRAUN. 1985. Postrenal modification of urine in birds. American Journal of Physiology 248:R93-R98.
3. BAKER, H. G., AND I. BAKER. 1982. Chemical constituents of nectar in relation to pollination mechanisms and phylogeny. Pages 131-171 in Biochemical Aspects of Evolutionary Biology (M. H. Nitecki, Ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
4. BARNES, E. M. 1972. The avian intestinal flora with particular reference to the possible ecological significance of the cecal anaerobic bacteria. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25: 1475-1479.
5. BARNES, E. M., AND C. S. IMPEY. 1974. The occurrence and properties of uric acid decomposing anaerobic bacteria in the avian caecum. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 37:393-409.
6. BARNES, E. M., G. C. MEAD, D. A. BARNUM, AND E. G. HARRY. 1972. The intestinal flora of the chicken in the period 2 to 6 weeks of age, with particular reference to the anaerobic bacteria. British Poultry Science 13:311-326.
7. BECK, J. R., AND T. S. CHANG. 1980. Measurement of uric acid levels in chicken cecal contents. Poultry Science 59:1193-1196.
8. BELL, D. J., AND T. P. BIRD. 1966. Urea and volatile base in the caeca and colon of the domestic fowl: The problem of their origin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 18:735-744.
9. BEUCHAT, C. A., W. A. CALDER, III, AND E. J. BRAUN. 1990. The integration of osmoregulation and energy balance in hummingbirds. Physiological Zoology 63:1059-1081.
10. BJORNHAG, G. 1989. Transport of water and food particles through the avian ceca and colon. Journal of Experimental Zoology 3 (Supplement):32-37.
11. BRAUN, E. J., AND C. E. CAMPBELL. 1989. Uric acid decomposition in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 3(Supplement):70-74.
12. BRICE, A. T. 1992. The essentiality of nectar and arthropods in the diet of the Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 101A:151-155.
13. BRICE, A. T., AND C. R. GRAU. 1991. Protein requirements of Costa's Hummingbirds Calypte costae. Physiological Zoology 64:611-626.
14. CAMPBELL, C. E., AND E. J. BRAUN. 1986. Cecal degradation of uric acid in Gambel Quail. American Journal of Physiology 251:R59-R62.
15. CLENCH, M. H., AND J. R. MATHIAS. 1995. The avian cecum: A review. Wilson Bulletin 107:93-121.
16. DAWSON, T. J., AND R. M. HERD. 1983. Digestion in the Emu: Low energy and nitrogen requirements of this large ratite bird. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 75A:41-45.
17. DUKE, G. E., J. C. CIGANEK, AND O. A. EVANSON. 1973. Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 44A:283-292.
18. GASAWAY, W. C. 1976. Volatile fatty acids and metabolizable energy derived from cecal fermentation in the Willow Ptarmigan. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 53A:115-121.
19. GOTTSBERGER, G., J. SCHRAUWEN, AND H. F. LINSKENS. 1984. Amino acids and sugars in nectar, and their putative evolutionary significance. Plant Systematics and Evolution 145:55-77.
20. GRAJAL, A. 1995. Digestive efficiency of the Hoatzin, Opisthocomus hoazin: A folivorous bird with foregut fermentation. Ibis 137:383-388.
21. HIEBERT, S. M., AND W. A. CALDER, III. 1983. Sodium, potassium, and chloride in floral nectars: Energy-free contributions to refractive index and salt balance. Ecology 64:399-402.
22. JAKUBUS, W. J., W. H. KARASOV, AND C. G. GUGLIELMO. 1993. Coniferyl benzoate in Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides): Its effect on energy and nitrogen digestion and retention in Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). Physiological Zoology 66:580-601.
23. JEHL, J. R., JR. 1985. Biology of the Eared Grebe and Wilson's Phalarope in the nonbreeding season: A study of adaptations to saline lakes. Studies in Avian Biology 12:1-74.
24. KARASAWA, Y. 1984. Ammonia absorption from the intestine in adult cockerels. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 77A:139-141.
25. KARASAWA, Y. 1989. Ammonia production from uric acid, urea, and amino acids and its absorption from the ceca of the cockerel. Journal of Experimental Zoology 3 (Supplement):75-80.
26. KARASAWA, Y. 1999. Significant role of the nitrogen recycling system through the ceca occurs in protein-depleted chickens. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 283(Supplement): 418-425.
27. KARASAWA, Y., H. KAWAI, AND A. HOSONO. 1988a. Ammonia production from amino acids and urea in the caecal contents of the chicken. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 906:205-207.
28. KARASAWA, Y., AND M. MAEDA. 1994. Role of caeca in the nitrogen nutrition of the chicken fed on a moderate protein diet or a low-protein diet plus urea. British Poultry Science 35:383-391.
29. 15N] urea in chicken ceca. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 111A:223-227.
30. KARASAWA, Y., M. OKAMOTO, AND H. KAWAI. 1988b. Ammonia production from uric acid and its absorption from the caecum of the cockerel. British Poultry Science 29:119-124.
31. KARASAWA, Y., T. ONO, AND K. KOH. 1994. Inhibitory effect of penicillin on caecal urease activity in chickens fed on a low-protein diet plus urea. British Poultry Science 35:157-160.
32. KOIKE, T. I., AND L. Z. MCFARLAND. 1966. Urography in the unanesthetized hydropenic chicken. American Journal of Veterinary Research 27: 1130-1133.
33. LABISKY, R. F., AND W. L. ANDERSON. 1973. Nutritional responses of pheasants to corn, with special reference to high-lysine corn. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 31:87-110.
34. LEVEILLE, G. A., AND H. FISHER. 1958. The amino acid requirements for maintenance in the adult rooster. I. Nitrogen and energy requirements in normal and protein-depleted animals receiving whole egg protein and amino acid diets. Journal of Nutrition 66:441-453.
35. LIND, J., B. G. MUNCK, O. OLSEN, AND E. SKADHAUGE. 1980. Effects of sugars, amino acids, and inhibitors on electrolyte transport across hen colon at different sodium chloride intakes. Journal of Physiology 305:315-325.
36. MARRIOTT, R. W., AND D. K. FORBES. 1970. The digestion of lucerne chaff by Cape Barren geese, Cereopsis novaehouandiae Latham. Australian Journal of Zoology 18:257-263.
37. MCLELLAND, J. 1989. Anatomy of the avian cecum. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 3(Supplement):2-9.
38. MCWHORTER, T. J., D. R. POWERS, AND C. MARTÍNEZ DEL RIO. 2003. Are hummingbirds facultatively ammonotelic? Nitrogen excretion and requirements as a function of body size. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. In press.
39. MEAD, G. C. 1989. Microbes of the avian cecum: types present and substrates utilized. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 3(Supplement):48-54.
40. MEAD, G. C., AND B. W. ADAMS. 1975. Some observations on the caecal microflora of the chick during the first two weeks of life. British Poultry Science 16:169-176.
41. MILNE, H. 1976. Body weights and carcass composition of the Common Eider. Wildfowl 27:115-122.
42. MORTENSEN, A., AND A. R. TINDALL. 1981a. Caecal decomposition of uric acid in captive and free ranging Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 111: 129-133.
43. MORTENSEN, A., AND A. TINDALL. 1981b. On caecal synthesis and absorption of amino acids and their importance for nitrogen recycling in Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus). Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 113:465-469.
44. MOSS, R., AND J. A. PARKINSON. 1975. The digestion of bulbils (Polygonum viviparum L.) and berries (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Empetrum sp.) by captive Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus). British Journal of Nutrition 33:197-206.
45. MROSOVSKY, N., AND D. F. SHERRY. 1980. Animal anorexias. Science 207:837-842.
46. MURAMATSU, T., H. KODAMA, T. MORISHITA, M. FURUSE, AND J. OKUMURA. 1991. Effect of intestinal microflora on digestible energy and fiber digestion in chickens fed a high-fiber diet. American Journal of Veterinary Research 52:1178-1181.
47. MURPHY, M. E. 1993. The protein requirement for maintenance in the White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:2111-2120.
48. PARRISH, J. W., JR., AND E. W. MARTIN. 1977. The effect of dietary lysine level on the energy and nitrogen balance of the Dark-eyed Junco. Condor 79:24-30.
49. PATON, D. C. 1982. The diet of the New Holland Honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae. Australian Journal of Ecology 7:279-298.
50. PREEST, M. R., AND C. A. BEUCHAT. 1997. Ammonia excretion by hummingbirds. Nature 386: 561-562.
51. REUBNER, B., AND J. R. MCLAREN. 1958. The effect of oxytetracycline and neomycin on ammonia levels in the mesenteric vein and on the caecal flora in rabbits. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 39:85-89.
52. ROBBINS, C. T. 1993. Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
53. ROBIN, J.-P., Y. CHEREL, R. GROSCOLAS, AND Y. LE MAHO. 1983. Metabolic adaptation to long term fasting in male Emperor Penguins and in King Penguin chicks. The Physiologist 26:30A.
54. ROXBURGH, L., AND B. PINSHOW. 2000. Nitrogen requirements of an old world nectarivore, the Orange-tufted Sunbird Nectarinia osea. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73: 638-645.
55. ROXBURGH, L., AND B. PINSHOW. 2002. Ammonotely in a passerine nectarivore: The influence of renal and post-renal modification on nitrogenous waste product excretion. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1735-1745.
56. SKADHAUGE, E. 1968. The cloacal storage of urine in the rooster. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 24:7-18.
57. SMITH, A. P., AND S. W. GREEN. 1987. Nitrogen requirements of the Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps), an omnivorous marsupial on a honeypollen diet. Physiological Zoology 60:82-92.
58. STEVENS, C. E., AND I. D. HUME. 1998. Contributions of microbes in vertebrate gastrointestinal tract to production and conservation of nutrients. Physiological Reviews 78:393-427.
59. STILES, F. G. 1971. On the field identification of California hummingbirds. California Birds 2: 41-54.
60. TINSLEY, J., AND T. Z. NOWAKOWSKI. 1957. The determination of uric acid, particularly in avian excreta. Analyst 82:110-116.
61. WALSBERG, G. E. 1975. Digestive adaptations of Phainopepla nitens associated with the eating of mistletoe berries. Condor 77:169-174.
62. WEATHERS, W. W., AND F. G. STILES. 1989. Energetics and water balance in free-living tropical hummingbirds. Condor 91:324-331.
63. WITMER, M. C. 1998. Ecological and evolutionary implications of energy and protein requirements of avian frugivores eating sugary diets. Physiological Zoology 71:599-610.
64. WITMER, M. C., AND P. J. VAN SOEST. 1998. Contrasting digestive strategies of fruit-eating birds. Functional Ecology 12:728-741.
65. WORTHINGTON, A. H. 1989. Adaptations for avian frugivory: Assimilation efficiency and gut transit time of Manacus vitellinus and Pipra mentalis. Oecologia 80:381-389.
66. VAN TETS, I. G., AND A. HULBERT 1999. A comparison of the nitrogen requirements of the Eastern Pygmy Possum, Cerartetus nanus, on a pollen and on a mealworm diet. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72:127-137.
67. VAN TETS, I. G., AND S. W. NICOLSON. 2000. Pollen and the nitrogen requirements of the lesser Double-collared Sunbird. The Auk 117: 826-830.