Parents as caregivers for children with schizophrenia: Moral dilemmas and moral agency

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 24, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 757-773

  Milliken, P Jane ^a   Rodney, Patricia A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CHILD REARING; DECISION MAKING; DELUSION; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MORALITY; PARENTHOOD; PATIENT CARE; RESPONSIBILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIOLOGY;

EID: 0242570734     PISSN: 01612840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/mhn.24.8.757.773     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., & Sloane, D. M. (2000). Hospital restructuring: Does it adversely affect care and outcomes? Journal of Nursing Administration, 30(10), 457-465.
2. Anderson, J. M., & Rodney, P. (1999). Part IV: Conclusion: Health policy: A cross-cultural dialogue. In H. Coward & P. Ratanakul (Eds.), A cross-cultural dialogue on health care ethics (pp. 257-261). Waterloo, ON, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
3. Anthony, W. A. (2000). A recovery-oriented service system: Setting some system level standards. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(2), 95-102.
4. Armstrong, P., & Armstrong, H. (1996). Wasting away: The undermining of Canadian health care. Toronto, Canada: Oxford University Press.
5. Backlar, P. (1994). The family face of schizophrenia: Practical counsel from America's leading experts. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
6. Bateson, G. D., Jackson, D., Haley, J., & Weakland, J. (1956). Towards a theory of schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1, 251-264.
7. Beyerstein, D. (1993). The functions and limitations of professional codes of ethics. In E. R. Winkler & J. R. Coombs (Eds.), Applied ethics: A reader (pp. 416-425). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
8. Biegel, D. E., Sales, E., & Schulz, R. (1991). Family caregiving in chronic illness: Alzheimer's disease, cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and stroke. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9. Blue, A. W., Keyserlingk, E. W., Rodney, P., & Starzomski, R. (1999). A critical view of North American health policy. In H. Coward & P. Ratanakul (Eds.), A cross-cultural dialogue on health care ethics (pp. 215-225). Waterloo, ON, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
10. Blustein, J. (1998). The family in medical decision making. In J. F. Monagle & D. C. Thomasma (Eds.), Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (pp. 81-91). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
11. Brooker, C. (1990a). The health education needs of families caring for a schizophrenic relative and the potential role for community psychiatric nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1092-1098.
12. Brooker, C. (1990b). Expressed emotion and psychosocial intervention: A review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 27(3), 267-276.
13. Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L., & Wing, J. K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241-258.
14. Burgess, M. (1996). Health care reform: Whitewashing a conflict between health promotion and treating illness? In M. Stingl & D. Wilson (Eds.), Efficiency vs. equality: Health reform in Canada (pp. 153-162). Halifax: Fernwood.
15. Chafetz, L., & Barnes, L. (1989). Issues in psychiatric caregiving. Archives in Psychiatric Nursing, 3(2), 61-68.
16. Curtin, L. (1982). Human problems: Human beings. In L. Curtin & M. J. Flaherty (Eds.), Nursing ethics: Theories and pragmatics (pp. 37-42). Bowie, MD: Robert J. Brady.
17. Flew, A. (Ed.). (1979). A dictionary of philosophy (rev. 2nd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
18. Fromm-Reichmann, F. (1948). Notes on the development of treatment of schizophrenics by psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 11, 263-273.
19. Fry, S. T. (1989). Toward a theory of nursing ethics. Advances in Nursing Science, 11(4), 9-22.
20. Glaser, B. G. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press.
21. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
22. Government of British Columbia. (1999). Guide to the Mental Health Act. Victoria, BC, Canada: Ministry of Health & Ministry Responsible for Seniors.
23. Hiltunen, E. F., Medich, C., Chase, S., Peterson, L., & Forrow, L. (1999). Family decision making for end-of-life treatment: The SUPPORT nurse narratives. The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 10(2), 126-134.
24. Howard, P. B. (1994). Lifelong maternal caregiving for children with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(2), 107-114.
25. Howard, P. B. (1998). The experience of fathers of adult children with schizophrenia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 19, 399-413.
26. Hutchinson, S. (1986). Grounded theory: The method. In P. L. Munhall & C. J. Oiler (Eds.), Nursing research: A qualitative perspective (pp. 111-130). Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
27. Isaac, R. J., & Armat, V. C. (1990). Madness in the streets: How psychiatry and the law abandoned the mentally ill. New York: The Free Press.
28. Jacobson, N., & Curtis, L. (2000). Recovery as policy in mental health services: Strategies emerging from the States. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(4), 333-341.
29. Jameton, A. (1984). Nursing practice: The ethical issues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
30. Kruger, A. (2000). Schizophrenia: Recovery and hope. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(1), 29-37.
31. Lefley, H. P. (1989). Family burden and family stigma in major mental illness. American Psychologist, 44(3), 556-560.
32. Lefley, H. P. (1996). Family caregiving in mental illness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Lidz, T., Fleck, S., & Cornelison, A. R. (1965). Schizophrenia & the family. New York: International Universities Press.
34. Loukissa, D. A. (1995). Family burden in chronic mental illness: A review of research studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 248-255.
35. Milliken, P. J. (1998). Redefining parental identity: A grounded theory of caregiving and schizophrenia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
36. Milliken, P. J. (2001). Disenfranchised mothers: Caring for an adult child with schizophrenia. Health Care for Women International, 22(1-2), 149-166.
37. Milliken, P. J., & Northcott, H. C. (2003). Redefining parental identity: Caregiving and schizophrenia. Qualitative Health Research, 13(1), 100-113.
38. Mohr, W. K. (1997). Outcomes of corporate greed. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 29(10), 39-45.
39. Mohr, W. K., & Mahon, M. M. (1996). Dirty hands: The underside of marketplace health care. Advances in Nursing Science, 19(1), 28-37.
40. Nelson, J. L. (1998). Death, medicine, and the moral significance of family decision making. In J. F. Monagle & D. C. Thomasma (Eds.), Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (pp. 288-294). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
41. Oberle, K., & Tenove, S. (2000). Ethical issues in public health nursing. Nursing Ethics, 7(5), 425-438.
42. Palermo, G. B. (1998). The plight of the deinstitutionalized chronic schizophrenic: Ethical considerations. In J. F. Monagle & D. C. Thomasma (Eds.), Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (pp. 164-176). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
43. Potkins, D., Bradley, S., Shrimanker, J., O'Brien, J., Swann, A., & Ballard, C. (2000). End of life treatment decisions in people with dementia: Carers' views and the factors which influence them. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 1005-1008.
44. Reynolds, W., Scott, P. A., & Austin, W. (2000). Nursing, empathy, and perception of the moral. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(1), 235-242.
45. Reinhard, S. C. (1991). Living with mental illness: Effects of professional contacts and personal control on caregiver burden. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
46. Rodney, P. A. (1997). Towards connectedness and trust: Nurses' enactment of their moral agency within an organizational context. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada.
47. Rodney, P., & Varcoe, C. (2001). Towards ethical inquiry in the economic evaluation of nursing practice. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 33(1), 35-57.
48. Rodney, P., Varcoe, C., Storch, J. L., McPherson, G., Mahoney, K., Brown, H., Pauly, B., Hartrick Doane, G., & Starzomski, R. (2002). Navigating toward a moral horizon: A multi-site qualitative study of nurses' enactment of ethical practice. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 34(3), 75-102.
49. Sherwin, S. (1992). No longer patient: Feminist ethics & health care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
50. Sherwin, S. (1998). A relational approach to autonomy in health care. In S. Sherwin & the Feminist Healthcare Network (Eds.), The politics of women s health, (pp. 19-47). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
51. Sheyette, A. (1990). The oppression of caring: Women caregivers of relatives with mental illness. Affilia, 5(1), 32-48.
52. Strauss, A. (1975). Chronic illness and the quality of life. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
53. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
54. Tapp, D. M. (2001). Conserving the vitality of suffering: Addressing family constraints to illness conversations. Nursing Inquiry, 8(4), 254-263.
55. Taylor, C. (1995). Philosophical arguments. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
56. Terkelsen, K. G. (1987). The meaning of mental illness to the family. In A. B. Hatfield & H. P. Lefley (Eds.), Families of the mentally ill: Coping and adaptation (pp. 128-150). New York: Guilford.
57. Teschinsky, U. (2000). Living with schizophrenia: The family illness experience. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27(4), 387-396.
58. Thorne, S. E. (1993). Negotiating health care: The social context of chronic illness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
59. Tilden, V. P., Tolle, S. W., Nelson, C. A., Thompson, M., & Eggman, S. C. (1999). Family decision making in foregoing life-extending treatments. Journal of Family Nursing, 5(4), 426-442.
60. Torrey, E. F. (1997). Out of the shadows: Confronting America's mental health crisis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
61. Tuck, I., du Mont, P., Evans, G., & Shupe, J. (1997). The experience of caring for an adult child with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(3), 118-125.
62. Varcoe, C. (2001). Abuse obscured: An ethnographic account of emergency unit nursing in relation to violence against women. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 32, 4.
63. Varcoe, C., & Rodney, P. (2002). Constrained agency: The social structure of nurses' work. In B. S. Bolaria & H. Dickinson (Eds.), Health, illness, and health care in Canada (3rd ed.; pp. 102-128). Toronto, Canada: Harcourt Brace.
64. Vaughn, C. E., & Leff, J. P. (1981). Patterns of emotional response in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7, 43-44.
65. Webster, G. C., & Baylis, F. E. (2001). Moral residue. In S. R. Rubin & L. Zoloth (Eds.), Margin of error: The ethics of mistakes in the practice of medicine (pp. 217-230). Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group.
66. Wheeler, C. (1994). The diagnosis of schizophrenia and its impact on the primary caregiver. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 9(3), 15-23.
67. Wilkinson, J. M. (1987/1988). Moral distress in nursing practice: Experience and effect. Nursing Forum, 23, 16-28.
68. Woodward, C. A., Shannon, H. S., Cunningham, C., McIntosh, J., Lendrum, B. Rosenbloom, D., & Brown, J. (1999). The impact of re-engineering and other cost reduction strategies on the staff of a large teaching hospital: A longitudinal study. Medical Care, 37(6), 556-569.