Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 56: 1,2,3-trichloropropane

IPCS Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents

Volumn , Issue 56, 2003, Pages

  Kielhorn, J ^a   Konnecker G ^a   Pohlenz Michel, C ^a   Schmidt, S ^a   Mangelsdorf, I ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR TOXICOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,2,3 TRICHLOROPROPANE; ALKANE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADENOMATOUS POLYP; AIR ANALYSIS; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ANEMIA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENICITY; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CLITORIS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); COVALENT BOND; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TRANSFORMATION; DRUG TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; FORESTOMACH; GENOTOXICITY; HARDER GLAND; HEALTH HAZARD; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERKERATOSIS; HYPERPLASIA; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; INFERTILITY; INHALATION; INTESTINE CARCINOMA; KIDNEY INJURY; KINETICS; LIVER CANCER; MAMMARY GLAND; MOUTH MUCOSA; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; NOSE DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PANCREAS DISEASE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; POPULATION EXPOSURE; POPULATION RISK; PREPUTIAL GLAND; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; SKIN TOXICITY; SOIL ANALYSIS; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; TOXICITY TESTING; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; WATER INTOXICATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0242552208     PISSN: 10206167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. ABC (1986a) Acute Toxicity of Trichloropropane to Daphnia Magna. St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Agricultural Products Company, Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratory, pp. 1-8 (NTIS/OTS 0000815).
2. ABC (1986b) Acute Toxicity of Trichloropropane to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis Macrochirus). St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Agricultural Products Company, Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratory, pp. 1-13 (NTIS/OTS 0000815).
3. ABC (1986c) Acute Toxicity of Trichloropropane to Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri). St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Agricultural Products Company, Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratory, pp. 1-9 (NTIS/OTS 0000815).
4. Albanese V, Milano JC, Vernet JL (1987) Etude de l'évaporation de quelques hydrocarbures halogénés de faible masse moléculaire dissous à l'état de traces dans l'eau. Environmental Technology Letters, 8:657-668.
5. Albert J (1982) Acute Toxicity Studies with 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Prepared by Stillmeadow, Inc. for Shell Development Co., Houston, TX; submitted to TSCA on 19 August 1987 (NTIS/PB 86-870001650).
6. Anderson D, Yu TW, McGregor DB (1998) Comet assay responses as indicators of carcinogen exposure. Mutagenesis, 13(6):539-555.
7. Anderson TA, Beauchamp JJ, Walton BT (1991) Fate of volatile and semivolatile organic chemicals in soils: Abiotic versus biotic losses. Journal of Environmental Quality, 20(2):420-424.
8. Atkinson R (1987) Structure - Activity relationship for the estimation of rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with organic compounds. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 19:799-828.
9. Baier JH, Lykins BW, Fronk CA, Kramer SJ (1987) Using reverse osmosis to remove agricultural chemicals from groundwater. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 79:55-60.
10. Bauer U (1981a) Belastung des Menschen durch Schadstoffe in der Umwelt- Untersuchungen über leicht flüchtige organische Halogenverbindungen in Wasser, Luft, Lebensmitteln und im menschlichen Gewebe II. Mitteilung: Untersuchungsmethodik leicht flüchtiger Organohalogenverbindungen. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1, Originale, Reihe B, 174:39-56.
11. Bauer U (1981b) Belastung des Menschen durch Schadstoffe in der Umwelt- Untersuchungen über leicht flüchtige organische Halogenverbindungen in Wasser, Luft, Lebensmitteln und im menschlichen Gewebe III. Mitteilung: Untersuchungsergebnisse. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1, Originale, Reihe B, 174:200-237.
12. Belyaeva NN, Tsulaya VR, Marshak TL, Brodskii VY (1974) Effect of 1,2,3-trichloropropane on the ploidy of rat liver cells. Byulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, 78(12):1414-1416.
13. Benigni R, Pino A (1998) Profiles of chemically-induced tumors in rodents: Quantitative relationship. Mutation Research, 421(1):93-107.
14. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1979) A 13 Week Inhalation Toxicity Study of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in the Rat. St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Chemical Company, pp. 1-76 (NTIS/OTS 0000815, 26 November 1979).
15. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1980) A One-Generation Reproduction-Fertility Study of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Rats. St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Company, pp. 1-39 (NTIS/OTS 0000815, 7 April 1980).
16. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1983) A Thirteen Week Inhalation Toxicity Study of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in the Rat. St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Company, pp. 1-54 (NTIS/OTS 0000815, 17 August 1983).
17. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1985a) Primary Dermal Irritation Study in Rabbits (4- and 24-hour Exposure). St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Company, pp. 1-31 (NTIS/OTS 0000815; 12 June 1985).
18. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1985b) Eye Irritation Study in Rabbits. St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Company, pp. 1-12 (NTIS/OTS 0000815; 12 June 1985).
19. Bio/dynamics Inc. (1985c) A Closed-Patch Repeated Insult Dermal Sensitization Study in Guinea Pigs (Buehler Method). St. Louis, MO, Monsanto Company, pp. 1-30 (NTIS/OTS 0000815).
20. Blum DJW, Speece RE (1991) A database of chemical toxicity to environmental bacteria and its use in interspecies comparisons and correlations. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 63(3):198-207.
21. Blume H (1990) Handbuch des Bodenschutzes. Landsberg/Lech, Ecomed, pp. 580-581.
22. Bonvalot Y, Gagnon C, Benjamin M, Germain A, Dann T (2000) Sampling Program for Residential Wood Combustion: Winter of 1998-99 Study Report. Montreal, Quebec, Public Works and Government Services Canada, pp. iii-80.
23. Bosma T, Janssen DB (1998) Conversion of chlorinated propanes by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b expressing soluble methane monooxygenase. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50:105-112.
24. Bosma T, Kruizinga E, DeBruin EJ, Poelarends GJ, Janssen DB (1999) Utilization of trihalogenated propanes by Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 through heterologous expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain m15-3. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 65(10):4575-4581.
25. Bourhamra WS, Buhamra SS, Thomson MS (1997) Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and ambient air of residences in Kuwait. Environment International, 23:197-204.
26. Brock M, Carroll J (1985) 1984 Industrial Hygiene Monitoring for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 2,3-Dichloropropene, 1,3-Dichloropropene, and Isopropyl Chloride at Glycerine I, Dow Chemical USA. Freeport, TX, Dow Chemical USA, pp. 1-10 (NTIS/PB86-870002354).
27. BUA (1993) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. German Chemical Society (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA). Stuttgart, Hirzel, pp. 1-97 (BUA Report 154).
28. Chapin R, Gulati D, Mounce R, Russell S, Poonacha K (1997) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(Suppl. 1):361-362.
29. City of Shafter (2000) Consumer Confidence Report for Water Quality. Shafter, CA, City of Shafter, pp. 1-6.
30. Clark D (1977) Acute Toxicity, Skin and Eye Irritancy and Skin Sensitizing Potential of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Houston, TX, Shell Oil Company, pp. 1-16 (NTIS/PB 86-870001655, 1 September 1977).
31. Dean BJ, Brooks TM (1979) In Vitro Mutation Studies with 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Houston, TX Shell Oil Company, pp. 1-28 (NTIS/PB 86-870001651, 1 June 1979).
32. Dilling WL (1977) Interphase transfer processes. II. Evaporation rates of chloromethanes, ethanes, ethylenes, propanes and propylenes from dilute aqueous solutions. Comparisons with theoretical predictions. Environmental Science & Technology, 11:405-409.
33. Doherty AT, Ellard S, Parry EM, Parry JM (1996) An investigation into the activation and deactivation of chlorinated hydrocarbons to genotoxins in metabolically competent human cells. Mutagenesis, 11(3):247-274.
34. Douglas GR, Nestmann ER, Lee E, Marshall R, Heddle JA (1985) How well do in vitro tests predict in vivo genotoxicity. Environmental Mutagenesis, 7(Suppl. 3):31.
35. Drew RT, Patel JM, Lin FN (1978) Changes in serum enzymes in rats after inhalation of organic solvents singly and in combination. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 45:809-819.
36. EC (1996) Technical Guidance Document in Support of the Commission Directive 93/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances. Brussels, European Commission.
37. Ellerstein SM, Bertozzi ER (1982) Polymers containing sulfur. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed. New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 793-831.
38. Ellington JJ, Stancil FE, Payne WD (1987) Measurement of Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal. Vol. 1. Data on 32 Chemicals. Athens, GA, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, pp. 1-25 (US EPA/600/3-86/043; PB 87-140349/GAR).
39. Frischenschlager H, Mittermayr C, Peck M, Rosenberg E, Grasserbauer M (1997) The potential of gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detection (GC-MIP-AED) as a complementary analytical technique in environmental screening analysis of aqueous samples. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 359:213-221.
40. Geiger DL, Brooke LT, Call DJ (1990) Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas), Superior, WI, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, pp. 2-22, 40, 49-50, 70, 80.
41. Gelover S, Bandala ER, Leal-Ascencio T, Perez S, Martinez E (2000) GC-MS determination of volatile organic compounds in drinking water supplies in Mexico. Environmental Toxicology, 15(2):131-139.
42. Griesemer RA, Eustis SL (1994) Gender differences in animal bioassays for carcinogenicity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 36(8):855-859.
43. Gulati D, Mounce RC, Russel S, Poonacha KB, Chapin RE (1990) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Reproduction and Fertility Assessment in Swiss CD-1 Mice When Administered Via Gavage - Final Report. Prepared by Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Lexington, KY, for National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, 226 pp. (NTIS/PB91-129676; NTP-90-209).
44. Hardin BD, Bond GP, Sikov MR, Andrew FD, Beliles RP, Niemeier RN (1981) Testing of selected workplace chemicals for teratogenic potential. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 7:66-75.
45. Hauck R, Hegemann W (2000) Anaerobic degradation of 1,2-dichloropropane in batch and continuous culture. Water Science and Technology, 41(12):7-13.
46. Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, Speck W, Zeiger E (1983) Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals. Environmental Mutagenesis, Supplement 1:3-142.
47. Hazleton Laboratories America Inc. (1983a) 120-Day Toxicity Gavage Study of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Fischer 344 Rats. Prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America Inc., Vienna, VA for Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX (PB-86-870001644; submitted to NTIS/TSCA on 19 August 1987).
48. Hazleton Laboratories America Inc. (1983b) 120 Day Gavage Toxicity Study in B6C3F1 Mice: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (Final Report) with Attachments. Prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America Inc., Vienna, VA, for Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX (PB-86-870001577; submitted to NTIS/TSCA).
49. Health Canada (2000) Review of Contaminant Occurrences in Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals. Ottawa, Ontario, Health Canada, Health Protection Branch, pp. 1-10.
50. Hermens J, Canton H, Janssen P, De Jong R (1984) Quantitative structure-activity relationships and toxicity studies of mixtures of chemicals with anaesthetic potency: Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity to Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology, 5:143-154.
51. Holme JA, Soderlund EJ, Brunborg G, Lag M, Nelson SD, Dybing E (1991) DNA damage and cell death induced by 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and structural analogs in monolayer culture of rat hepatocytes: 3-Aminobenzamide inhibits the toxicity of DBCP. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 7:413-432.
52. Hutchinson TC, Hellebust JA, Tam D, Mackay D, Mascarenhas RA, Shiu WY (1980) The correlation of the toxicity to algae of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons with their physical-chemical properties. In: Afghan BK, Mackay D, eds. Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. New York, NY, Plenum Press, pp. 577-586.
53. IARC (1995) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, pp. 223-244 (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Volume 63).
54. IPCS (1999) International Chemical Safety Card - 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (ICSC 0683).
55. Irwin RD, Haseman JK, Eustis SL (1995) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: A multisite carcinogen in rats and mice. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 25:241-252.
56. Ito N, La DK, Holt S, Craft TR, Sills RC (1996) Analysis of ras mutations in forestomach tumors from B6C3F1 mice exposed to 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research, 37:137.
57. Johannsen F, Levinskas G, Rusch G, Terrill J, Schroeder R (1988) Evaluation of the subchronic and reproductive effects of a series of chlorinated propanes in the rat. I. Toxicity of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 25:299-315.
58. Johnson R (1968) Polymers containing sulfur. Polysulfides. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd ed. New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 253-254, 259-262.
59. Kaua'i Department of Water (2001) Puhi Water System 2001, Water Quality Report. Kaua'i, Kaua'i Department of Water, pp. 1-6.
60. Kawata K, Tanabe A, Saito S, Sakai M, Yasuhara A (1997) Screening of volatile organic compounds in river sediment. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 58(6):893-900.
61. Kier L (1982) Ames/Salmonella Mutagenicity Assays of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloropropane and 1,1,2,2,3-Pentachloropropane. Prepared by Environmental Health Laboratory, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, for US Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 1-19 (NTIS/OTS 0000815, 19 August 1982).
62. Könemann H (1981) Quantitative structure-activity relationships in fish toxicity studies. 1. Relationship for 50 industrial pollutants. Toxicology, 19:209-221.
63. Kooijman SALM (1981) Parametric analyses of mortality rates in bioassays. Water Research, 15:107-115.
64. La DK, Swenberg JA (1996) DNA adducts: Biological markers of exposure and potential applications to risk assessment. Mutation Research, 365:129-146.
65. La DK, Lilly PD, Anderegg RJ, Swenberg JA (1995) DNA adduct formation in B6C3F1 mice and Fischer-344 rats exposed to 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Carcinogenesis, 16:1419-1424.
66. La DK, Schoonhoven R, Ito N, Swenberg JA (1996) The effects of exposure route on DNA adduct formation and cellular proliferation by 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 140(1):108-114.
67. Låg M, Soderlund E, Omichinski J, Brunborg G, Holme J, Dahl J, Nelson S, Dybing E (1991) Effect of bromine and chlorine positioning in the induction of renal and testicular toxicity by halogenated propanes. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 4:528-534.
68. Låg M, Omichinski J, Dybing E, Nelson D, Soderlund E (1994) Mutagenic activity of halogenated propanes and propenes: Effect of bromine and chlorine positioning. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 93(1):73-84.
69. Lagas P, Verdam B, Loch JPG (1989) Threat to groundwater quality by pesticides in the Netherlands. In: Groundwater Management: Quantity and Quality (Proceedings of the Benidorm Symposium, October 1989). Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, pp. 171-180 (IAHS Publication No. 188).
70. Lewis R (1992) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. In: Lewis R, ed. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. New York, NY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 241-264.
71. Lide D (1995) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
72. Liska I, Barceló D, Grasserbauer M (1996) Strategy for the screening of organic pollutants in a river basin - An overview of the Nitra river monitoring programme. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 15(8):326-334.
73. LWA (1989) Rheingütebericht NRW '88. Anhang. Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Landesamt für Wasser und Abfall, pp. I-VII.
74. Mackay D, Shiu W, Ma K (1993) Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Vol. 3. Volatile Organic Chemicals. Boca Raton, FL, Lewis Publishers.
75. Mahmood NA, Overstreet D, Burka LT (1991) Comparative disposition and metabolism of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in rats and mice. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 19:411-418.
76. MAK (1993) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane. In: Greim H, ed. Occupational Toxicants: Critical Data Evaluation for MAK Values and Classification of Carcinogens. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK). Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, pp. 171-192.
77. Merrick B, Smallwood CL, Meier JR, McKean DL, Kaylor WH, Condie LW (1987) Chemical reactivity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of chloropropanones. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 91:46-54.
78. Merrick B, Robinson M, Condie L (1991) Cardiopathic effect of 1,2,3-trichloropropane after subacute and subchronic exposure in rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 11:179-187.
79. Miermans CJH, Van Der Velde LE, Frintrop PCM (2000) Analysis of volatile organic compounds, using the purge and trap injector coupled to a gas chromatograph/ion-trap mass spectrometer: Review of the results in Dutch surface water of the Rhine, Meuse, Northern Delta Area and Westerscheldt, over the period 1992-1997. Chemosphere, 40(1):39-48.
80. Milano JC, Guibourg A, Vernet JL (1988) Evolution non biologique dans l'eau de composés organohalogénés à trois et quarte atomes de carbone: Hydrolyse et photolyse. Water Research, 22(12):1553-1562.
81. Miller R, Quast JF, Momany-Pfruender JJ (1986a) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: 2-Week Vapor Inhalation Study to Determine the No-Adverse-Effect Level in Rats and Mice. Midland, MI, The Dow Chemical Company, pp. 1-25 (NTIS/PB 86-870002265, 13 May 1986).
82. Miller R, Quast JF, Gushow TS (1986b) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: 2-Week Vapor Inhalation Study in Rats and Mice. Midland, MI, The Dow Chemical Company, pp. 1-43 (NTIS/PB 86-870002260; 27 May 1986).
83. Mirsalis J, Tyson K, Beck J, Loh F, Steinmetz K, Contreras C, Austere L, Martin S, Apalding J (1983) Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in hepatocytes following in vitro and in vivo treatment. Environmental Mutagenesis, 5:482.
84. MITI (1992) Biodegradation and Bioaccumulation: Data of Existing Chemicals Based on the CSCL Japan. Tokyo, Ministry of International Trade & Industry, pp. 2-19.
85. Moorman WJ, Ahlers HW, Chapin RE, Daston GP, Foster PMD, Kavlock RJ, Morawetz JS, Schnorr TM, Schrader SM (2000) Prioritization of NTP reproductive toxicants for field studies. Reproductive Toxicology, 14(4):293-301.
86. NTP (1993) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (CAS No. 96-18-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). Research Triangle Park, NC US Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, pp. 1-345 (NTP TR 384, December 1993).
87. NTP (2000) 9th report on carcinogens. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, available at website http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov.
88. Oki DS, Giambelluca TW (1989) Groundwater contamination by nematicides: Influence of recharge timing under pineapple crop. Water Research Bulletin, 25:285-294.
89. Pankow JF, Luo W, Isabelle LM, Bender DA, Baker RJ (1998) Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 70(24):5213-5221.
90. Parry JM, Parry EM, Bourner R, Doherty A, Ellard S, O'Donovan J, Hoebee B, De Stoppelaar JM, Mohn GR, Önfelt A, Renglin A, Schultz N, Söderpalm-Berndes C, Jensen K, Kirsch-Volders M, Elhajouji A, Van Hummelen P, Degrassi F, Antoccia A, Cimini D, Izzo M, Tanzarella C, Adler I-D, Kliesch U, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Gasser P, Crebelli R, Carere A, Andreoli C, Benigni R, Leopardi P, Marcon F, Zinjo Z, Natarajan AT, Boei JJWA, Kappas A, Voutsinas G, Zarani FE, Patrinelli A, Pachierotti F, Tiveron C, Hess P (1996) The detection and evaluation of aneugenic chemicals. Mutation Research, 353(1-2): 11-46.
91. Peijnenburg W, Eriksson L, De Groot A, Sjöström M, Verboom H (1998) The kinetics of reductive dehalogenation of a set of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic slurries. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 5(1):12-16.
92. Peng C, Batterman S (2000) Performance evaluation of a sorbent tube sampling method using short path thermal desorption for volatile organic compounds. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2(4):313-324.
93. Rassaerts H, Witzel D (1975) Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe, aliphatische. In: Bartholomé E, Biekert E, Hellmann H, Ley H, Weigert WM, eds. Ullmanns Encyklopädie der Technischen Chemie. Weinheim/Bergstrasse, Verlag Chemie, pp. 404-498.
94. Ratpan F, Plaumann H (1988) Mutagenicity of halogenated propanes and their methylated derivatives. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 12:253-259.
95. Rose RM, Warne MStJ, Lim RP (1998) Quantitative structure-activity relationships and volume fraction analysis for nonpolar narcotic chemicals to Australian cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 34:248-252.
96. Ruelle P (2000) The n-octanol and n-hexane/water partition coefficient of environmentally relevant chemicals predicted from the mobile order and disorder (MOD) thermodynamics. Chemosphere, 40:457-512.
97. Saito-Suzuki R, Teramoto S, Shirasu Y (1982) Dominant lethal studies in rats with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and its structurally related compounds. Mutation Research, 101:321-327.
98. Sawin VL, Hass BS (1982) Assay of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane for Gene Mutation in Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Houston, TX. Shell Development Company, pp. 1-26 (NTIS/PB 86-870001645, 14 January 1982).
99. Silverman L, Schulte HF, First MW (1946) Further studies on sensory response to certain industrial solvent vapors. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 28:262-266.
100. Solvay (2001a). The Toxicity of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane to the Alga Selenastrum Capricornutum. Prepared for Health, Environment & Safety Department of Environmental Assessment Group Weesp, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, 24 pp. (Analysis Chemical Supplies and Environmental Development Study No. A.SOL.S.023, 27 August 2001).
101. Solvay (2001b) Internal Memorandum: Evaporation of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane During a 48-Hour Acute Toxicity Test at 20°C. Weesp, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, pp. 1-3 (Reference: AdG/AED/im/01.80, 19 July 2001).
102. Solvay (2002) The Acute Toxicity of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane to the Water Flea (Daphnia Magna). Prepared by Environmental Assessment Group Weesp, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, 17 pp. (Study No. A.SOL.S.030, September 2002).
103. Stolzenberg SJ, Hine CH (1980) Mutagenicity of 2- and 3-carbon halogenated compounds in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Environmental Mutagenesis, 2:59-66.
104. Swann R, Laskowski DA, McCall PJ, Vander Kuy K, Dishburger HJ (1983) A rapid method for the estimation of the environmental parameters octanol/water partition coefficient, soil sorption constant, water to air ratio, and water solubility. Residue Reviews, 85:17-28.
105. Swenberg JA, La KD, Scheller NA, Wu K (1995) Dose-response relationships for carcinogens. Toxicology Letters, 82/83:751-756.
106. Tafazoli M, Kirsch-Volders M (1996) In vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity study of 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,3-dichloropropane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane and 1,1,3-trichloropropene, using the micronucleus test and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) in human lymphocytes. Mutation Research, 371:185-202.
107. Tafazoli M, Baeten A, Geerlings P, Kirsch-Volders M (1998) In vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity study of a number of short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons using the micronucleus test and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) in human lymphocytes: A structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential. Mutagenesis, 13(2):115-126.
108. Tancrède M, Yanagisawa Y (1990). An analytical method to determine Henry's law constant for selected volatile organic compounds at concentrations and temperatures corresponding to tap water use. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 40:1658-1663.
109. Tancrède M, Yanagisawa Y, Wilson R (1992) Volatilization of volatile organic compounds from showers - I. Analytical method and quantitative assessment. Atmospheric Environment, 26A:1103-1111.
110. Thomas R (1990) Volatilization from water. In: Lyman WJ, Reehl WF, Rosenblatt DH, eds. Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp. 15.1-15.34.
111. US EPA (1999) Toxics release inventory, at US Environmental Protection Agency website http://www.epa.gov/tri/tri99/pdr/index.htm.
112. Vannelli T, Logan M, Arciero D, Hooper A (1990) Degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds by the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 56(4):1169-1171.
113. Verschueren K (1996) Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd ed. New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons.
114. Villeneuve D, Chu I, Secours VE, Cote MG, Plaa GL, Valli VE (1985) Results of a 90-day toxicity study on 1,2,3- and 1,1,2-trichloropropane administered via the drinking water. The Science of the Total Environment, 47:421-426.
115. Volp RF, Sipes IG, Falcoz C, Carter DE, Gross JF (1984) Disposition of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in the Fischer 344 rat: Conventional and physiological pharmacokinetics. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 75:8-17.
116. Von Der Hude W, Scheutwinkel M, Gramlich U, Fißler B, Basler A (1987) Genotoxicity of three-carbon compounds evaluated in the SCE test in vitro. Environmental Mutagenesis, 9(4):401-410.
117. Von Düszeln J, Lahl U, Bätjer K, Cetinkaya M, Stachel B, Thiemann W, Gabel B, Kozicki R, Podbielski A (1982) Flüchtige Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe in Luft, Wasser und Nahrungsmitteln in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Analyse und Belastungsabschätzung für den Menschen. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 78:352-356.
118. Walton BT, Anderson TA, Hendricks MS, Talmage SS (1989) Physicochemical properties as predictors of organic chemical effects on soil microbial respiration. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 8:53-63.
119. Walton BT, Hendricks MS, Anderson TA, Griest WH, Merriweather R, Beauchamp JJ, Francis CW (1992) Soil sorption of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in a mixture. Journal of Environmental Quality, 21:552-558.
120. Weber GL, Sipes IG (1990) Covalent interactions of 1,2,3-trichloropropane with hepatic macromolecules: Studies in the male F-344 rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 104:395-402.
121. Weber G, Sipes I (1991) Rat hepatic DNA damage induced by 1,2,3-trichloropropane. In: Witmer C, Snyder R, Jollow D, Kalf G, Kocsis J, Sipes I, eds. Biological Reactive Intermediates. IV. Molecular and Cellular Effects and Their Impact on Human Health. New York, NY, Plenum Press, pp. 853-855.
122. Weber GL, Sipes IG (1992) In vitro metabolism and bioactivation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 113(1):152-158.
123. Williams GM, Mori H, McQueen CA (1989) Structure-activity relationship in the rat hepatocyte DNA-repair test for 300 chemicals. Mutation Research, 221:263-286.
124. Yamamoto K, Fukushima M, Kakutani N, Kuroda K (1997) Volatile organic compounds in urban rivers and their estuaries in Osaka, Japan. Environmental Pollution, 95:135-143.
125. Yamamoto N, Okayasu H, Hiraiwa T, Murayama S, Maeda T, Morita M, Suzuki K (1998) Continuous determination of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere by an automated gas chromatographic system. Journal of Chromatography A, 819(1-2):177-186.
126. Yoshikawa S, Shibata Y, Miyajima S, Kurosawa Y (1998) Screening of volatile organic compounds in river and sea water in Kawasaki city. Mizu-Kankyo-Gakkaishi, 21(12):879-883.
127. Zebarth BJ, Szeto SY, Hii B, Liebscher H, Grove G (1998) Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbon impurities present in soil fumigant formulations. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 33(1):31-50.