Systemic Effects of Neem on Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology

Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 817-825

  Thoeming, G ^a   Borgemeister, C ^a   Setamou M ^b   Poehling, H M ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITY HANNOVER   (Germany)

^b INTERNATIONAL CENTRE OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ICIPE   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Azadirachta indica; Neem; Soil application; Systemic effects; Western flower thrips

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; AZADIRACHTA INDICA; FRANKLINIELLA; FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS; FRANKLINIELLA TRITICI; INSECTA; PHASEOLUS (ANGIOSPERM); PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; THRIPIDAE; THYSANOPTERA;

EID: 0242490678     PISSN: 00220493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jee/96.3.817     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 256-267.
2. [BBA] Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. 1999. Verzeichnis zugelassener Pflanzenschutzmittel: Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig, Germany.
3. Berndt, O., and H.-M. Poehling. 1999. Hypoaspis miles: eine Raubmilbe mit Potential zur Thrips-Bekaempfung? Mitteil. Deutsche Gesellschaft allgemeine und angewandte Entomol. (DGaaE) 13: 144.
4. Brodsgaard, H. F. 1994. Insecticide resistance in European and African strains of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) tested in a new residue-on-glass test. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 1141-1146.
5. Brodsgaard, H. F. 1995. Keep-down: a concept of thrips biological control in ornamental pot plants, pp. 221-224. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
6. Castané, C., J. Riudavets, and E. Yano. 1999. Biological control of thrips, pp. 244-253. In R. Albajes, M. Lodovica Gullino, J. C. van Lenteren, and E. Yano (eds.), Integrated pest and disease management in greenhouse crops. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
7. Childers, C. C., and D. S. Achor. 1995. Thrips feeding and oviposition injuries to economic plants, subsequent damage and host responses to infestation, pp. 31-52. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
8. Drescher, K., and G. Madel. 1997. Effect of NeemAzal-T/S on the anthocorid predator Orius majusculus Reuter, pp. 177-181. In H. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 22-25 January 1996, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
9. Ebssa, L., C. Borgemeister, O. Berndt, and H.-M. Poehling. 2001a. Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on different soil-dwelling stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in laboratory and under semi-field conditions. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 11: 515-525.
10. Ebssa, L., C. Borgemeister, O. Berndt, and H.-M. Poehling. 2001b. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 119-127.
11. Feldhege, M., and H. Schmutterer. 1993. Investigations on side-effects of Margosam-O on Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hym., Aphelinidae), parasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. (Horn., Aleyrodidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 115: 37-42.
12. Gill, J. S., and C. T. Lewis. 1971. Systemic action of an insect feeding deterrent. Nature 232: 402-403.
13. Guiterrez, N. L. 2000. Vergleich verschiedener Praeparate zur Bekaempfung von saugenden Insekten (Blattlaeuse und Thrips) bei Chrysanthemen unter Glas 1996, pp. 47-50. InH. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 10-14 February 1997, Hohensolms, Germany. Trifolio-M GmbH, Lahnau, Germany.
14. Immaraju, J. A. 1998. The commercial use of azadirachtin and its integration into viable pest control programmes. Pestic. Sci. 54: 285-289.
15. Immaraju, J. A., T. D. Paine, J. A. Bethke, K. L. Robb, and H. Newman. 1992. Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) resistance to insecticides in coastal Californian greenhouses. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 9-14.
16. Jacobson, R. J. 1995. Resources to implement biological control in greenhouses, pp. 211-220. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
17. Jacobson, R. J., D. Chandler, J. Fenlon, and K. M. Russell. 2001. Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin with Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to control Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cucumber plants. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 11: 391-400.
18. Jones, T., C. Scott-Dupree, R. Harris, L. Shipp, and B. Harris. 2002. Spinosad: an effective biocide for inclusion in integrated pest management programs for Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Bull. IOBC/WPRS 25: 119-122.
19. Kirk, W.D.J. 1997. Feeding, pp. 119-174. In T. Lewis (ed.), Thrips as crop pests. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
20. Kleeberg, H. 1992. The NeemAzal conception: test of systemic activity, pp. 5-15. In H. Kleeberg (ed.), Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients, 19-20 June 1992, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
21. Kleeberg, H., E. Hummel, B. Ruch, R. Tross, and C. Kliche-Spory. 1996. NeemAzal-T/S: Kompromiss zwischen Wirksamkeit und Abbau. Mitt. BBA 321: 419.
22. Krishnayya, P. V., and P. S. Grewal. 2002. Effect of neem and selected fungicides on viability and virulence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steineranema feltia. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 12: 259-266.
23. Larew, H. G. 1986. Use of neem seed extract in a developed country: Liriomyza leafminer as a model case, pp. 375-385. In H. Schmutterer and K.R.S. Ascher (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Neem Conference on Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants, 10-15 July 1986, Kenya, Nairobi. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH, Eschborn, Germany.
24. Larew, H. G. 1988. Limited occurrence of foliar-, root-, and seed-applied neem seed extract toxin in untreated plant parts. J. Econ. Entomol. 81: 593-598.
25. Lewis, T. 1997a. Pest thrips in perspective, pp. 1-14. In T. Lewis (ed.), Thrips as crop pests. CAB International. Wallingford, UK.
26. Lewis, T. 1997b. Chemical control, pp. 567-594. In T. Lewis, (ed.), Thrips as crop pests. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
27. Meisner, J., S. Yathom, S. Tal, and K.R.S. Ascher. 1986. The effect of various extracts of neem seed kernel on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Z. Pflkrankh. Pflschutz 93: 146-152.
28. Mordue, A. J. 1998. Azadirachtin: a review of its mode of action in insects, pp. 1-4. In H. Kleeberg (ed.), Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 20-21 June 1997, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
29. Moritz, G. 1997. Structure, growth and development, pp. 15-65. In T. Lewis (ed.), Thrips as crop pests. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
30. Ossiewatsch, H. R. 2000. Zur Wirkung von Samenkern-Wasserextrakten des Niembaumes Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) auf Blattlaeuse und ihre natuerlichen Gegenspieler. Ph.D. dissertation, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
31. Otto, D. 1994. Systemic effects of azadirachtin preparation NeemAzal W on larvae and adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata, pp. 39-53. In H. Kleeberg (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients, 22-25 November 1993, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
32. Otto, D. 1996. Persistence of systemic effects of azadirachtin preparation NeemAzal W on larvae of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say., pp. 71-80. In H. Kleeberg and V. Micheletti (eds.), Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 28 November-1 December 1994, Bordighera, Italy. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
33. Parella, M. P. 1995. IPM: approaches and prospects, pp. 357-364. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
34. Pussemeier, L. 2000. Environmental behaviour and aquatic ecotoxicity of azadirachtin A, pp. 63-68. In H. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 16-18 February 1998, Hohensolms, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
35. Ramakers, P.M.J. 1995. Biological control using oligophagous predators, pp. 225-230. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
36. Robb, K. L., J. Newman, J. K. Virzi, and M. P. Parella. 1995. Insecticide resistance in western flower thrips, pp. 341-346. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
37. Ruch, B., C. Kliche-Spory, A. Schlicht, I. Schaefer, J. Kleeberg, R. Tross, and H. Kleeberg. 1997. Summary of some environmental aspects of neem ingredient NeemAzal and NeemAzal-T/S, pp. 15-20. In H. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 22-25 January 1996, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
38. SAS Institute 1996. SAS/Stat user guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
39. Saxena, R. C., and E. L. Kidiavai. 1997. Neem seed extract spray applications as low-cost inputs for management of the flower thrips in cowpea crop. Phytoparasitica 25: 99-110.
40. Schmidt, R. 1997. NeemAzal-T/S gegen Bluetenthrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) an Fuchsien unter Glas, pp. 139-140. In H. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 22-25 January 1996, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
41. Schmutterer, H. 1990. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 35: 271-297.
42. Schulz, C., J. Kienzle, P. Hermann, and C.P.W. Zebitz. 1997. NeemAzal-T/S: Ein botanisches Insektizid für den Obstbau. Gesunde Pfl. 49: 95-99.
43. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W. H. Freeman, New York.
44. Spollen, K. M., and M. B. Isman. 1996. Acute and sublethal effects of neem insecticides on the commercial biological control agents Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Ceridomyiidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89: 1379-1386.
45. Sundaram, K.M.S., R. Campbell, L. Sloane, and J. Studens. 1995. Uptake, translocation, persistence and fate of azadirachtin in aspen plants (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and its effects on pestiferous two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Crop Prot. 24: 415-421.
46. Tommasini, M. G., and S. Maini. 1995. Frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips harmful to vegetables and ornamental crops in Europe: biological control of thrips pests. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers 95: 1-42.
47. Ullman, D. E., J. J. Cho, R.F.L. Mau, W. B. Hunter, D. M. Westcot, and D. M. Custer. 1992. A mid-gut barrier to tomato spotted wilt virus acquisition by adult western flower thrips. Phytopathology 82: 1333-1342.
48. Vogt, H., U. Handel, and E. Vinuela. 1997. Field investigations on the efficacy of NeemAzal-T/S against Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphidae) and its effects on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 105-114. In H. Kleeberg and C.P.W. Zebitz (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones, 22-25 January 1996, Wetzlar, Germany. Druck and Graphic, Giessen, Germany.
49. Weintraub, P. G., and A. R. Horowitz. 1997. Systemic effects of a neem insecticide on Liriomyza huidobrensis larvae. Phytoparasitica 25: 283-289.
50. Wijkamp, I., N. Almarza, and D. Peters. 1995. Median latent period and transmission of tospoviruses vectored by thrips, pp. 153-156. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis (eds.), Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
51. Zhao, G., W. Liu, J. M. Brown, and C. O. Knowles. 1995. Insecticide resistance in field and laboratory strains of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1164-1170.