Audience Concentration in the Media: Cross-Media Comparisons and the Introduction of the Uncertainty Measure

Communication Monographs

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 114-128

  Yim, Jungsu ^a  

^a Seoul Women University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0242427569     PISSN: 03637751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0363775032000133773     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Aitchison, J., & Brown, J. A. C. (1963). The lognormal distribution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2. Albarran, A. B., & Dimmick, J. (1996). Concentration and economies of multiformity in the communication industries. Journal of Media Economics, 9(4), 41-50.
3. Attneave, F. (1959). Applications of information theory to psychology: A summary of basic concepts, methods and results. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
4. Bagdikian, B. H. (2000). The media, monopoly (6th ed.). Boston: Beacon Press.
5. Baseman, K. C., & Owen, B. M. (1982). A framework for economic analysis of electronic media concentration issues. Research report prepared for the National Cable Television Association for submission in Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Docket No.82-434.
6. Beach, C. M., & Davidson, R. (1983). Distribution-free statistical inference with Lorenz curves and income shares. Review of Economic Studies, 50, 723-735.
7. Blumler, J. G., & Spicer, C. M. (1990). Prospects for creativity in the new TV marketplace: Evidence from program makers. Journal of Communication, 40(4), 78-101.
8. Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (1991). Structured analysis of market competition in the U.S. TV syndication industry, 1981-1990. Journal of Media Economics, 4(3), 9-28.
9. Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (1996). Market competition for cable television: Reexamining its horizontal mergers and industry concentration. Journal of Media Economics, 9(2), 25-41.
10. Compaine, B. M., & Gomery, D. (2000). Who owns the media?: Competition and concentration in the mass media industry (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
11. Cowell, F. A. (1977). Measuring inequality. New York: Halsted Press.
12. De Vany, A., & Walls, W. D. (1999). Uncertainty in the movie industry: Does star power reduce the terror of the box office? Journal of Cultural Economics, 23(4), 285-318.
13. Ekelund, R. B., & Ford, G. S. (2000). Market power in radio markets: An empirical analysis of local and national concentration. Journal of Law and Economics, 43, 157-184.
14. Ferguson, D. A. (1993). Daily newspaper advertising rates, local media cross ownership, newspaper chains, and media competition. Journal of Law and Economics, 26, 635-654.
15. Ferguson, D. A., & Perse, E. M. (1993). Media and audience influences on channel repertoire. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 37, 31-47.
16. Ferguson, D. A., & Perse, E. M. (2000). The World Wide Web as a functional alternative to television. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44, 155-174.
17. Garner, W. R. (1962). Uncertainty and structure as psychological concepts. New York: Wiley.
18. Gini, C. (1936). On the measure of concentration with special reference to income and wealth. Summary of proceedings from the Cowles Commission Research Conference on Economics and Statistics (pp. 73-80). Colorado Springs, Co.: Colorado College Publication.
19. Glasser, T. L. (1984). Competition and diversity among radio formats: Legal and structural issues. Journal of Broadcasting, 28, 127-142.
20. Greco, A. N. (1999). The impact of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on corporate concentration in the U.S. book publishing industry, 1989-1994. Journal of Media Economics, 72(3), 165-180.
21. Greenberg, E., & Barnett, H. J. (1971). TV program diversity: New evidence and old theories. American Economic Review, 61(2), 89-93.
22. Haddock, D. D., & Polsby, D. D. (1990). Bright lines, the Federal Communications Commission's duopoly rule, and the diversity of voices. Federal Communications Law Journal, 42, 331-364.
23. Hay, D. A., & Morris, D. J. (1979). Industrial economics: Theory and evidence. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
24. Heeter, C. (1985). Program selection with abundance of choice: A process model. Human Communication Research, 12, 125-152.
25. Heeter, C., & Greenberg, B. (Eds). (1988). Cableviewing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
26. Hellman, H., & Soramaki, M. (1985). Economic concentration in the videocassette industry: A cultural comparison. Journal of Communication, 55(3), 112-134.
27. Ingber, S. (1984). The marketplace of ideas: A legitimizing myth. Duke Law Journal, February, 1-91.
28. Iosifides, P. (1997). Methods of measuring media concentration. Media, Culture and Society, 19(4), 643-663.
29. Kubey, R., Shifflet, M., Weerakkody, N., & Ukeiley, S. (1995). Demographic diversity on cable: Have the new cable channels made a difference in the representation of gender, race and age? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39, 459-471.
30. Lange, A. (1995, June). Transparency concerning ownership, control and strategic alliances. Paper presented at the international conference on Media Concentration, Transparency, Access and Pluralism, Copenhagen, Denmark.
31. Levin, H. J. (1971). Program duplication, diversity and effective viewer choices: Some empirical findings. The American Economic Review, 61(2), 81-88.
32. Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. American Statistical Association, 9, 209-219.
33. McQuail, D. (1992). Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
34. Media Mark Research Inc. (MRI). (1999). Fall magazine packages, 1999. Retrieved 1999, from http://www.mediamark.com.
35. Napoli, P. M. (1997). Rethinking program diversity assessment: An audience-centered approach. Journal of Media Economics, 10(4), 59-74.
36. Napoli, P. M. (1999). Deconstructing the diversity principle. Journal of Communication, 49(4), 7-34.
37. Napoli, P. M. (2001). Foundations of communications policy: Principles and process in the regulation of electronic media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
38. Neuman, W. R. (1991). The future of the mass audience. New York: Cambridge University Press.
39. Owen, B. M., & Wildman, S. S. (1992). Video economics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
40. Picard, R. G. (1988). Measures of concentration in the daily newspaper industry. Journal of Media Economics, 1(1), 61-74.
41. Rothenbuhler, E. W., & Dimmick, J. W. (1982). Popular music: Concentration and diversity in the industry, 1974-1980. Journal of Communication, 32(1), 143-149.
42. Shannon, C. E. (1951). Prediction and entropy of printed English. Bell System Technical Journal, 30, 50-64.
43. Waterman, D. (1991). A new look at media chain and groups: 1977-1989. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 35, 167-178.
44. Webster, J. G., & Lin, S. (2002). The Internet audience: Web use as mass behavior. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 46, 1-12.
45. Webster, J. G., & Phalen, P. F. (1997). The mass audience: Rediscovering the dominant model. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
46. Wober, J. M. (1989). The U.K.: The constancy of audience behavior. In L. B. Becker & K. Schoenbach (Eds.), Audience responses to media diversification: Coping with plenty (pp. 91-108). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
47. Yim, J. (2002). Audience concentration in the media. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
48. Youn, S. (1994). Program type preference and program choice in a multichannel situation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 38, 465-475.