Ultramolecular homeopathy has no observable clinical effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proving trial of Belladonna 30C

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 562-568

  Brien, Sarah ^a,b   Lewith, George ^a   Bryant, Trevor ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL SOUTH HANTS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Homeopathy; Randomized controlled trial; Ultramolecular

Indexed keywords

BELLADONNA ALKALOID; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CHEILITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUGHING; DILUTION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HOMEOPATHY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LIMB PAIN; MALE; MYDRIASIS; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEASONAL VARIATION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ULTRAMOLECULAR HOMEOPATHY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATROPA BELLADONNA; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MATERIA MEDICA; PILOT PROJECTS; RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL;

EID: 0242408391     PISSN: 03065251     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01900.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Fisher P, Ward A. Complementary medicine in Europe. BMJ 1994; 309: 107-111.
2. Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. JAMA 1998; 280: 1569-1157.
3. Kessler R, Davis RB, Foster D et al. Long term trends in the use of complementary and alternative medical therapies in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 262-268.
4. Thomas K, Nicholl JP, Coleman P. Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: a population based survey. Complementary Therapies Med 2001; 9: 2-11.
5. Hyland ME, Lewith G. Oscillatory effects in a homeopathic clinical trial: an explanation using complexity theory, and implications for clinical practice. Homeopathy 2002; 91: 145-150.
6. Davenas E, Poitevin B, Benveniste J. Effects of macrophages of orally administered very high dilutions of silica. Eur J Pharmacol 1987; 135: 313-319.
7. Seymour J. As if by magic. New Scientist 2001; 170: 46-49.
8. Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez R et al. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 1997; 350: 834-843.
9. Hill C, Doyon F. Review of randomised trials of homeopathy. Rev Epidem Et Sante Publications 1990; 38: 139-147.
10. Kleijnen J, Knipschild P, Ter Riet G. Clinical trials of homoeopathy. BMJ 1991; 302: 316-323.
11. Cucherat M, Haugh MC, Gooch M, Boissel JP. Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 56: 27-33.
12. Kent JT. Lectures on homeopathic materia medica with new remedies. New Dehli: B. Jain Publishers, 1904.
13. Boericke W. Homeopathic materia medica. Philadelphia: Boericke & Runyon, 1927.
14. Vermeulen F. Concordant materia medica, 3rd edn. Haarlem, the Netherlands: Emryss bv Publishers, 2000.
15. Dantas F, Fisher P. A systematic review of homeopathic pathogenic trials ('provings') published in the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1995. In Homeopathy: a critical appraisal, ed Ernst E. London: Butterworth Heinemann, 1998; 69-97.
16. Nagpaul VM. Provings - planned and protocol. Br Homeopath J 1987; 76: 76-80.
17. Frank W. Homeopathic drug provings - a scientific approach. Homeopath Links 1992; 5: 20.
18. Linde W, Melchart D, Jonas WB, Hornung J. Ways to enhance the quality and acceptance of clinical and laboratory studies in homeopathy. Br Homeopath J 1994; 83: 3-7.
19. Walach H. Provings: the method and its future. Br Homeopath J 1994; 83: 129-131.
20. Belon P. Provings: concept and methodology. Br Homeopath J 1995; 84: 213-217.
21. Dantas F. How can we get more reliable trials from homeopathic pathogenic trials: a critique of provings. Br Homeopath J 1996; 85: 230-236.
22. Walach H, Koster H, Hennig T, Haag G. Symptoms produced from homeopathic Belladonna C30 are likely due to chance. J Psychosom Res 2001; 50: 155-160.
23. Bellows HP. The test drug-proving of the O O and L Society. A reproving of belladonna. Boston: O O & L Society,; 1906.
24. Riley D. Contemporary drug provings. J Am Inst Homeopathy 1994; 87: 161-165.
25. Sher J. The dynamics and methodology of homeopathic provings. West Malvern: Dynamis Books, 1994.
26. Walach H. Does a highly diluted homeopathic drug act as a placebo in healthy subjects? Experimental study of Belladonna 30C in a double blind crossover design - a pilot study. J Psychosom Res 1993; 37: 851-860.
27. Walach H, Hieber S, Ernst-Hieber E. Effects of Belladonna 12CH and 30CH in healthy volunteers. A multiple, single case experiment in randomisation design. In Signals and images, ed Bastide M. Dordrecht Netherlands: KIuwer Academic Publishers, 1997; 215-226.
28. Goodyear K, Lewith G, Low JL. Randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial of homeopathic proving for Belladonna 30C. JRSM 1998; 19: 579-582.
29. Symposium and 7th Blackie Memorial Lecture. Communications/Br Homeopathy Res Group, 1996; 24: 76S.
30. Schroyens F. Synthesis. London: Homeopathic Book Publishers, 1999.
31. Finnigan MD. Complementary medicine: attitudes and expectations, a scale for evaluation. Complement Med Res 1991; 5: 279-282.
32. Vickers AJ, van Haselen R, Heger M. Can homeopathically prepared mercury cause symptoms in healthy volunteers? A randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial. J Alt Complement Med 2001; 7: 141-148.
33. Reilly DT, Taylor MA. Potent placebo or potency? Br Homeopath J 1985; 74: 65-75.
34. Vithoulkas G. Science of homeopathy. London: Grove Press, 1980.
35. Reilly DT, Taylor MA, McSharry C, Aitchinson T. Is homeopathy a placebo response? Controlled trial of homeopathic potency, with pollen in hayfever as a model. Lancet 1986; 2: 881-886.
36. Lewith G, Watkins A, Hyland ME et al. Use of ultramolecular potencies of allergen to treat asthmatic people allergic to house dust mite: double blind randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ 2002; 321: 1-5.
37. Richardson WR. Patient benefit survey: Liverpool Regional Department of Homeopathic Medicine. Br Homeopath J 2001; 90: 158-162.
38. Di Blasi Z, Harkness E, Ernst E, Georgiou A, Kleijnen J. Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2002; 357: 757.
39. Kaplan B. The Homeopathic Conversation. The Art of Taking the Case, 2nd edn. London: Natural Medicine Press, 2002.