Terracettes and active gelifluction terraces in the drakensberg of the province of the eastern cape, south africa: A process study

South African Geographical Journal

Volumn 84, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 214-225

  KÜCK, Karen M ^a   Lewis, Colin A ^b  

^a Bohlweki Environmental (Pty) Ltd   (South Africa)

^b RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREEP; PERIGLACIAL PROCESS; POLYGON; SOLIFLUCTION; TERRACE;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0242407108     PISSN: 03736245     EISSN: 21512418     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03736245.2002.9713773     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Andersson, J. G., 1906: Solifluction: a component of subaerial denudation, Journal of Geology, 14, 91-112.
2. Ballantyne, C. K., 1993: Holocene mass movement in Scottish mountains: dating, distribution and implications for environmental change. In: Frenzel, B., Matthews, J. A. and Glasser, B. (editors), Solifluction and climatic variation in the Holocene, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, [Palaoklimaforchung Band II], 71-85.
3. Ballantyne, C. K. and Harris, C., 1994: The periglaciation of Great Britain, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Benedict, J. B., 1970: Downslope soil movement in a Colorado alpine region: rates, processes, and climatic significance, Arctic and Alpine Research, 2, 165-226.
5. Beskow, G., 1935: Tjalbildningen och Tjallyftningen, Sveriges Geol., 26, 375, Series C (20 page English summary).
6. Boelhouwers, J.C., 1994: Periglacial landforms at Giant’s Castle, Natal Drakensberg, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 5, 129-136.
7. Boelhouwers, J. C. and Meiklejohn, K. I., 2002: Quaternary periglacial and glacial geomorphology of southern Africa: review and synthesis, South African Journal of Science, 98, 47-55.
8. Clarke, J. V., 1976: The origin and development of terracettes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Salford, U.K.
9. Dardis, G. F. and Granger, J. E., 1986: Contemporary periglacial phenomena in the Drakensberg, South Africa, Palaeoecology of Africa, 17, 89-93.
10. de Villiers, J., 1962: A study of soil formation in Natal. Unpublished Ph.D.thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
11. Embleton, C. and King, C.A.M., 1975: Periglacial geomorphology, Arnold, London.
12. French, H.M., 1996: The periglacial environment, Longman, Harlow.
13. Garland, G. G., 1987: Erosion risk from footpath and vegetation burning in the central Drakensberg, Natal Town and Regional Planning, 20, Pietermaritzburg.
14. Gorbunov, A.P. and Seversky, E. V., 1999: Solifluction in the mountains of Central Asia: distribution, morphology, processes, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 10, 81-89.
15. Grab, S., 1997: Thermal regime for a thufa apex and its adjoining depression, Mashai Valley, Lesotho, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 8, 437-445.
16. Grab, S., 2001: Needle ice observations from the High Drakensberg, Lesotho, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 12, 227-231.
17. Graf, K., 1993: Solifluction forms, their distribution and climatic relationships: an overview of present-day conditions with particular reference to the Swiss Alps and tropical Andes. In: Frenzel, EL, Matthews, J. A. and Glaser, EL, (editors), Solifluction and climatic variation in the Holocene, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, [Palaoklimaforchung Band II], 197-207.
18. Granger, J. E., 1976: The vegetation changes, some related factors and changes in the water balance following twenty years of fire exclusion in Catchment IX, Cathedral Peak Forestry Research Station. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
19. Granger, J. E. and Schulze, R.E., 1977: Incoming solar radiation patterns and vegetation response: examples from the Natal Drakensberg, Vegetatio, 35, 47-54.
20. Harper, G., 1969: Periglacial evidence in South Africa during the Pleistocene epoch, Palaeoecology of Africa, 4, 71-91.
21. Harris, C., 1981: Periglacial mass-wasting: a review of research, British Geomorphological Research Group, Research Monograph, Geo Abstracts, Norwich.
22. Harris, C., 1987: Solifluction and related periglacial deposits in England and Wales. In: Boardman, J. (editor), Periglacial processes and landforms in Britian and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 209-223.
23. Hastenrath, S. and Wilkinson, J., 1973: A contribution to the periglacial morphology of Lesotho, southern Africa, Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 22, 157-167.
24. Hill, T. R., 1992: Contemporary pollen spectra from the Natal Drakensberg and their relation to associated vegetation communities. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown.
25. Killick, D. J. B., 1963: An account of the plant ecology of the Cathedral Peak area of the Natal Drakensberg, Botanical Survey Memoir, 34, Pretoria.
26. Lewis, C.A., 1988a: Periglacial features in southern Africa: a review, 1987, Palaeoecology of Africa, 19,357-370.
27. Lewis, C. A., 1988b: Periglacial landforms. In: Moon, B.P. and Dardis, G. F. (editors), The geomorphology of southern Africa, Southern Book Publishers, Johannesburg, pp. 103-119.
28. Lewis, C.A. and Lass, G.M., 1965: The drift terraces of Slaettaratindur, The Faeroes, Geographical Journal, 131, 247-253.
29. Lewkowicz, A.G., 1988: Slope processes. In: Clark, M. J. (editor), Advances in periglacial geomorphology, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 325-376.
30. Matsuoka, N., 1994: Continuous recording of frost heave and creep on a Japanese Alpine slope, Arctic and Alpine Research, 26, 245-254.
31. Matthews, J. A. and Frenzel, B., 1993: Preface. In: Frenzel, B., Matthews, J. A. and Glaser, B., (editors), Solifluction and climatic variation in the Holocene, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, [Palaoklimaforchung Ban II], 9-10.
32. M C Systems, 1990a: MCS 120-02 data logger-users manual, MC Systems, Cape Town.
33. M C Systems, 1990b: MCS 151/2/3 temperature sensor- users manual, MC Systems, Cape Town.
34. M C Systems, 1990c: MCS 159 soil moisture sensor - users manual. MC Systems, Cape Town.
35. Outcalt, S. I., 1969: Weather and diurnal frozen soil structure at Charlottesville, Virginia, Water Resources Research, 5, 1377-1382.
36. Outcalt, S. I., 1971: An algorithm for needle ice growth, Water Resources Research, 7, 394-400.
37. Perez, F. L., 1996: Cryptogamic soil buds in the Equatorial Andes of Venezuela, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 7, 229-255.
38. Rapp, A. and Nyberg, R., 1981: Alpine debris flows in northern Scandinavia, Geografiska Annaler, 63A, 183-196.
39. Rosen, D. Z., Lewis, C. A. and Illgner, P. M., 1999: Palaeoclimatic and archaeological implications of organic-rich sediments at Tiffindell Ski Resort, near Rhodes, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 311-321.
40. SACS, 1980: Stratigraphy of South Africa Handbook 8, Part 1: Lithostratigraphy of the Republic of South Africa, South West Africa/Namibia and the Republics of Bophuthatswana, Transkei and Venda, Geological Survey, Pretoria.
41. Schunke, E. and Zoltai, S.C., 1988: Earth hummocks (Thufur). In: Clark, M. J. (editor), Advances in periglacial geomorphology, Wiley, Chichester, pp.231-244.
42. Smith, D.J., 1992: Long-term rates of contemporary solifluction in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In: Dixon, J. C. and Abrahams, A.D. (editors), Periglacial geomorphology, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 203-221.
43. Troll, C., 1944: Struckturboden, solifluction und frostklimate der Erde, Geologische Rundschau, 34, 545-694.
44. Washburn, A.L., 1973: Periglacial processes and environments, Arnold, London.
45. Watson, H. K., 1988: Terracettes in the Natal Drakensberg, South Africa. In: Dardis, G. F. and Moon, B.P. (editors), Geomorphological studies in Southern Africa, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.299-310.
46. WB 40, 1986: Climate of South Africa, Weather Bureau, Pretoria.
47. West, O., 1951: The vegetation of Weenen County, Natal. Botanical Survey of South Africa Memoir 23, Pretoria.