Structural and functional maturation of the developing primate brain

Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 143, Issue 4 SUPPL., 2003, Pages 35-45

  Levitt, Pat ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ALPHA AMINO 3 HYDROXY 5 METHYL 4 ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID; CHOLECYSTOKININ; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID; MONOAMINE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; RNA; RNA BINDING PROTEIN;

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN MATURATION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COGNITION; CONFERENCE PAPER; FMR1 GENE; FRAGILE X SYNDROME; GENE; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITION; MONKEY; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIMATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; CHILDHOOD; CONNECTOME; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEREDITY; MYELINATION; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROMODULATION; PEDIATRICIAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PSYCHOLOGIST; PUBERTY; SYNAPTOGENESIS;

EID: 0242383276     PISSN: 00223476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00400-1     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (102)

1. McConnell SK. Strategies for the generation of neuronal diversity in the developing central nervous system. J Neurosci 1995;15:6987-98.
2. Levitt P. Molecular determinants of regionalization of the forebrain and cerebral cortex. In: Gazzaniga MS, editor. The cognitive neurosciences. 2nd edition. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1999. p. 155-164.
3. Levitt P. Development of the vetebrate nervous system. In: Wong-Riley MTT, editor. Neuroscience secrets. Volume 3. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 1999. p. 46-57.
4. Sidman RL, Rakic P. Neuronal migration with special reference to the human brain: a review. Brain Res 1973;62:1-35.
5. Monk CS, Webb SJ, Nelson CA. Prenatal neurobiological development: molecular mechanisms and anatomical changes. Dev Neuropsychol 2001; 19:211-36.
6. Webb SJ, Monk CS, Nelson CA. Mechanisms of postnatal neurobiological development: implications for human development. Dev Neuropsychol 2001;19:147-71.
7. Carlson SE. Behavioral methods used in the study of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition in primate infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1 Suppl):245S-50S.
8. Neuringer M. Infant vision and retinal function in studies of dietary ling-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: methods, results and implications. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1 Suppl):256S-67S.
9. Mountcastle VB. The columnar organization of the cerebral cortex. Brain 1997;120:701-22.
10. Rakic P. A small step for the cell, a giant leap for mankind: a hypothesis of neocortical expansion during evolution. Trends Neurosci 1995;18:383-8.
11. Bourgeois JP. Synaptogenesis, heterochrony and epigenesist in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997;422:27-33.
12. Rubenstein JLR, Shimanura KS, Martinez S, Puelles L. Regionalization of the prosencephalic neural plate. Ann Rev Neurosci 1998;21:445-77.
13. Boyl PP, Signore M, Annino A, Barbera JP, Acampora D, Simeone A. Otx genes in the development and evolution of the vertebrate brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2001;19:353-63.
14. Akashi H. Gene expression and molecular evolution. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2001;11:660-6.
15. Rakic P. Developmental events leading to laminar and areal organization of the neocortex. In: Schmitt FO, Worden FG, Adelman G, Dennis SG, editors. The organization of the cerebral cortex. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press; 1981. p. 7-28.
16. Molliver ME, Kostovic I, van der Loos H. The development of synapses in cerebral cortex of the human fetus. Brain Res 1973;50:403-7.
17. Pencea V, Bingaman KD, Freedman LJ, Luskin MB. Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain. Exp Neurol 2001;172:1-16.
18. Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, et al. Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 1998;4:1313-7.
19. Gould E, Gross CG. Neurogenesis in adult mammals: some progress and problems. J Neurosci 2002;22:619-23.
20. Rakic P. Adult neurogenesis in mammals: an identity crisis. J Neurosci 2002;22:614-8.
21. Kornack DR, Rakic P. Cell proliferation without neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex. Science 2001;294:2127-30.
22. Tan SS, Kalloniatis, Sturm K, Tam PP, Reese BE, Faulkner-Jones B. Separate progenitors for radial and tangential cell dispersion during development of the cerebral neocortex. Neuron 1998;21:295-304.
23. De Carlos JA, Lopez-Mascaraque L, Valverde F. Dynamics of cell migration from the lateral ganglionic eminence in the rat. J Neurosci 1996;16:6146-56.
24. Anderson SA, Eisenstat DD, Shi L, Rubenstein JL. Interneuron migration from basal forebrain to neocortex: dependence on Dlx genes. Science 1997;278:474-6.
25. Jiminez D, Lopez-Mascaraque LM, Valverde F, De Carlos JA. Tangential migration in neocortical development. Dev Biol 2002;244:155-69.
26. Powell EM, Mars WM, Levitt P. Hepatocyte factor/scatter factor is a mitogen for interneurons migrating from the ventral to dorsal telencephalon. Neuron 2001;30:79-89.
27. 26a. Rakic P. Principles of neural cell migration. Experientia 1990;46: 882-91.
28. Letinic K, Zoncu R, Rakic P. Origin of GABAergic neurons in the human cerebral cortex. Nature 2002;417:645-9.
29. Rakic P. Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey cortex. J Comp Neurol 1972;145:61-83.
30. Levitt P, Rakic P. Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain. J Comp Neurol 1980;193:815-40.
31. Olson EC, Walsh CA. Smooth, rough and upside-down neocortical development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002;12:320-7.
32. Uhlman EJ, Wong M, Baldwin RL, Bajenaru ML, Onda H, Kwiatkowski DJ, et al. Astorycyte-specific TSC1 conditional knockout mice exhibit abnormal neuronal organization and seizures. Ann Neurol 2002;52: 285-96.
33. rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
34. Kostovic I, Rakic P. Cytology and time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in infant and adult human and monkey telencephalon. J Neurocytol 1980;9:219-42.
35. Kostovic I, Rakic P. Development of prestriate visual projections in the monkey and human fetal cerebrum revealed by transient cholinesterase staining. J Neurosci 1984;4:25-42.
36. Kostovic I, Rakic P. Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain. J Comp Neurol 1990;297:441-70.
37. Allendorfer KL, Shatz CJ. The subplate, a transient neocortical structure: its role in the development of connections between thalamus and cortex. Ann Rev Neurosci 1994;17:185-218.
38. Kostovic I, Judas M, Rados M, Hrabac P. Laminar organization of the human fetal cerebrum revealed by histochemical markers and magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex 2002;12:536-44.
39. Olson L, Boreus IO, Seiger A. Histochemical demonstration and mapping of 5-hydroxytrypamine-and catecholamine-containing neuron systems in the human fetal brain. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 1973;139:259-82.
40. Nobin A, Bjorklund A. Topography of the monoamine neuron system in the human brain as revealed in fetuses. Acta Physiol Scand 1973;388:1-40.
41. Mrzljak L, Uylings HBM, Kostovic I, Van Eden CG. Prenatal development of neurons in the human prefrontal cortex, I: a qualitative Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 1988;271:355-86.
42. Mrzljak L, Uylings HBM, Van Eden CG, Judas M. Neuronal development in human prefrontal cortex in prenatal and postnatal stages. Prog Brain Res 1990;85:185-222.
43. Mrzljak L, Uylings HBM, Kostovic I, Van Eden CG. Prenatal development of neurons in the human prefrontal cortex, II: a quantitative Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 1992;316:485-96.
44. Kostovic I. Structural and histochemical reorganization of the human prefrontal cortex during perinatal and postnatal life. Prog Brain Res 1990;85:131-47.
45. Kostovic I, Judas M, Petanjek Z, Simic G. Ontogenesis of goal-directed behavior: anatomo-functional considerations. Int J Psychophysiol 1995;19: 85-102.
46. Huttenlocher PR, de Courten C, Garey LJ, Van der Loos H. Synaptogenesis in human visual cortex: evidence for synapse elimination during normal development. Neurosci Lett 1982;33:247-52.
47. Rakic P, Bourgeois JP, Eckenhoff MF, Zecevic N, Goldman-Rakic PS. Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Science 1986;232:232-5.
48. Bourgeois JP, Rakic P. Changes in synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. J Neurosci 1993;13:2801-20.
49. Bourgeois JP, Goldman-Rakic PS, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey. Cereb Cortex 1994;4:78-96.
50. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 1997;167-78.
51. Fransen E, Lemmon V, Van Camp G, Vits L, Coucke P, Willems PJ. CRASH syndrome: clinical spectrum of corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spastic paraparesis and hydrocephalus due to mutations in one single gene. Eur J Hum Genet 1995;3:273-84.
52. Weller S, Gartner J. Genetic and clinical aspects of X-linked hydrocephalus (L1 disease): mutations in the L1CAM gene. Hum Mutat 2001;18:1-12.
53. Iwasaki N, Hamano K, Okada Y, Horigome Y, Nakayama J, Takeya T, et al. Volumetric quantification of brain development using MRI. Neuroradiol 1997;39:841-6.
54. Paus T, Collins DL, Evans AC, Pike LB, Zijdenbos A. Maturation of white matter in the human brain: a review of magnetic resonance studies. Brain Res Bul. 2001;54:255-66.
55. Sowell ER, Thompson PM, Tessner KD, Toga AW. Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation. J Neurosci 2001;21:8819-29.
56. Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Lu PH, Nucchterlein KH, Edwards N, Mintz J. Age-related changes in frontal and temporal lobe volumes in men: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psych 2001;58:461-5.
57. Thompson PM, Vidal C, Giedd JN, Gochman P, Blumenthal J, Nicolson R, et al. Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:11650-5.
58. Qi Y, Stapp D, Qiu M. Origin and molecular specification of oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon. Trends Neurosci 2002;25:223-5.
59. Rivkin MJ, Flax J, Mozell R, Osathanondh R, Volpe JJ, Villa-Komaroff L. Oligodendrocyte development in human fetal cerebrum. Ann Neurol 1995;30:321-9.
60. Nery S, Wicherle H, Fishell G. Sonic hedgehog contributes to oligodendrocyte specification in the mammalian forebrain. Development 2001;128:527-40.
61. Marti E, Bovolenta P. Sonic hedgehog in CNS development: one signal, multiple outputs. Trends Neurosci 2002;25:89-96.
62. Back SA, Luo NL, Borenstein NS, Levine JM, Volpe JJ, Kinney HC. Late oligodendrocyte progenitors coincide with the developmental window of vulnerability for human perinatal white matter injury. J Neurosci 2001;21:1302-12.
63. Ness JK, Romanko MJ, Rothstein RP, Wood TL, Levison SW. Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia induces apoptotic and excitotoxic death of periventricular white matter oligodendrocyte progenitors. Dev Neurosci 2001;23:203-8.
64. LaMantia AS, Rakic P. Axon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the rhesus monkey. J Neurosci 1990;10:2156-75.
65. Purpura DP. Normal and aberrant neuronal development in the cerebral cortex of human fetus and young infant. In: Buchwald NA, Brazier MAB, editors. Brain mechanisms in mental retardation. New York: Academic Press; 1975. p. 141-169.
66. Lund JS, Lewis DA. Local circuit neurons of developing and mature macaque prefrontal cortex: Golgi and immunocytochemical characteristics. J Comp Neurol 1993;328:282-312.
67. Berardi N, Pizzorusso T, Maffei L. Critical periods during sensory development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2000;10:138-45.
68. Daw NW. Visual development. New York: Plenum Press; 1995.
69. Kaufmann WE, Reiss AL. Molecular and cellular genetics of Fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsych Genet) 1999;88:11-24.
70. Devys D, Biancalana V, Rousseau F, Boua J, Mandel JL, Oberle I. Analysis of full fragile X mutations in fetal tissues and monozygotic twins indicate that abnormal methylation and somatoic heterogeneity are established early in development. Am J Med Genet 1992;43:208-16.
71. Devys D, Lutz Y, Rouyer N, Bellocq J-P, Mandel J-L. The FMR-1 protein is cytoplasmic, most abundant in neurons and appears normal in carriers of a fragile X premutation. Nat Genet 1993;4:335-40.
72. Hergersberger M, Matsuo K, Gassmann M, Schaffner W, Luscher B, Rulicke T, et al. Tissue-specific expression of a FMR1/beta-galactosidase fusion gene in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 1995;4:359-66.
73. Feng Y, Gutekunst C-A, Eberhart DE, Yi H, Warren ST, Hersch SM. Fragile X mental retardation protein: nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and association with somatodendritic ribosomes. J Neurosci 1997;17:1539-47.
74. Darnell JC, Jensen KB, Jin P, Brown V, Warren ST, Darnell RB. Fragile X mental retardation protein targets G quartet mRNAs important for neuronal function. Cell 2001;107:489-99.
75. Comery TA, Harris JB, Willems PJ, Oostra BA, Irwin SA, Weiler IJ, et al. Abnormal dendritic spines in fragile X knockout mice: maturation and pruning deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997;94:5401-4.
76. Hinton VJ, Brown WT, Wisniewski K, Rudelli RD. Analysis of neocortex in three males with the fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1991;41:289-94.
77. Hof PR, Glezer II, Conde F, Flagg RA, Rubin MB, Nimchinsky EA, et al. Cellular distribution of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin in the neocortex of mammals: phylogenetic and developmental patterns. J Chem Neuroanat 1999;16:77-116.
78. Levitt P, Rakic P. The time of genesis, embryonic origin and differentiation of the brain stem monoamines neurons in the Rhesus monkey. Dev Brain Res 1982. p. 4.
79. Schwartz ML, Meinecke DL. Early expression of GABA-containing neurons in the prefrontal and visual cortices of rhesus monkeys. Cereb Cortex 1992;16-37.
80. Lidow MS, Goldman-Rakic PS, Gallager DW, Geschwind DH, Rakic P. Neuroscience 1989;32:609-27.
81. Lidow MS, Goldman-Rakic PS, Rakic P. Synchronized overproduction of neurotransmitter receptors in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:10218-21.
82. Lidow MS, Wang F. Neurotransmitter receptors in the developing cerebral cortex. Crit Rev Neurobiol 1995;9:395-418.
83. Lidow MS, Wang F, Cao Y, Goldman-Rakic PS. Layer V neurons bear the majority of mRNAs encoding the five distinct dopamine receptor subtypes in the primate prefrontal cortex. Synapse 1998;28:10-20.
84. Meng SZ, Obonai T, Isumi H, Takashima S. A developmental expression of AMPA-selective glutamate receptor subunits in human basal ganglia. Brain Dev 1997;19:388-92.
85. Shaw C, Cameron L, March D, Cynader M, Zielinski B, Hendrickson A. Pre-and postnatal development of GABA receptors in Macaca monkey visual cortex. J Neurosci 1991;11:3943-59.
86. Meineke DL, Rakic P. Expression of GABA and GABAA receptors by neurons of the subplate zone in the developing primate occipital cortex: evidence for transient local circuits. J Comp Neurol 1992;317: 91-101.
87. Hendrickson A, March D, Richards G, Erickson A, Shaw C. Coincidental appearance of the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor and the type I benzodiazepine receptor near birth in the Macaque monkey visual cortex. Int J Neurosci 1994;12:299-314.
88. Hornug J-P, Fritschy J-M. Developmental profile of GABAA-receptors in the marmoset monkey: expression of distinct subtypes in pre-and postnatal development. J Comp Neurol 1996;367:413-30.
89. Reichelt R, Huffman D, Fodisch HJ, Mohler H, Knapp M, Hebebrand J. Ontogeny of the benzodiazepine receptor in human brain: fluorographic, immunocytochemical and reversible binding studies. J Neurochem 1991; 57:1128-35.
90. Brooks-Kayal AR, Pritchett DB. Developmental changes in human aminobutyric acidA receptor subunit composition. Ann Neurol 1993;34: 687-93.
91. March D, Shaw CA. Fetal, neonatal and adult expression of benzodiazepine receptor subtypes in human visual cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 1993;236:333-6.
92. Goldman-Rakic PS, Brown PM. Postnatal development of monoamine content and synthesis in the cerebral cortex of rhesus monkeys. Brain Res 1982;256:339-49.
93. Lewis DA, Harris HW. Differential laminar distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons in infant and adult monkey prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Lett 1991;125:151-4.
94. Rosenberg DR, Lewis DA. Postnatal maturation of the dopaminergic innervation of monkey prefrontal and motor cortices: a tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical analysis. J Comp Neurol 1995;358: 383-400.
95. Anderson SA, Classey JD, Conde F, Lund JS, Lewis DA. Synchronous development of pyramidal neuron dendritic spines and parvalbuminimmunoreactive chandelier neuron axon terminals in layer III of monkey prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 1995;67:7-22.
96. Lewis DA. Development of the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: insights into vulnerable neural circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997; 16:385-98.
97. Delalle I, Evers P, Kostovic I, Uylings HBM. Laminar distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons in human prefrontal cortex during development. J Comp Neurol 1997;379:515-22.
98. Hendrickson AE, Van Brederode JFM, Mulligan KA, Celio MR. Development of the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin in monkey striate cortex. J Comp Neurol 1991;307:626-46.
99. Akil M, Lewis DA. Postnatal development of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in axon terminals of basket and chandelier neurons in the monkey neocortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol 1992;16:329-37.
100. Diamond A. Guidelines for the study of brain behavior relations during development. In: Harvey L, Eisenberg H, editors. Frontal lobe dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995. p. 339-78.
101. Pollak SD, Kistler DJ. Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:9072-6.
102. Woo TU, Pucak ML, Kye CH, Matus CV, Lewis DA. Peripubertal refinement of the intrinsic and association circuitry in the monkey prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 1997;80:1149-58.