Larsen Ice Shelf Has Progressively Thinned

Science

Volumn 302, Issue 5646, 2003, Pages 856-859

  Shepherd, Andrew ^a   Wingham, Duncan ^b   Payne, Tony ^c   Skvarca, Pedro ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^d INSTITUTO ANTÁRTICO ARGENTINO   (Argentina)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANEROID ALTIMETERS; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; ICE; RADAR; SATELLITES;

ATMOSPHERIC WARMING;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

ICE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE CHANGE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; MEASUREMENT; MELTING POINT; OCEAN ENVIRONMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUMMER; TELECOMMUNICATION;

EID: 0242363663     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1089768     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. D. G. Vaughan, C. S. M. Doake, Nature 379, 328 (1996).
2. H. Rott, P. Skvarca, T. Nagler, Science 271, 788 (1996).
3. C. S. M. Doake, H. F. J. Corr, H. Rott, P. Skvarca, N. W. Young, Nature 391, 778 (1998).
4. J. H. Mercer, Nature 271, 321 (1978).
5. H. Rott, W. Rack, T. Nagler, P. Skvarca, Ann. Claciol. 27, 86 (1998).
6. T. A. Scambos, C. Hulbe, M. Fahnestock, I. Bohlander, J. Glaciol. 46, 516 (2000).
7. J. Weertman, International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication 95, 139 (1973).
8. D. J. Wingham, A. Ridout, R. Scharroo, R. Arthem, C. K. Shum, Science 282, 456 (1998).
9. A. Shepherd, D. J. Wingham, J. A. D. Mansley, H. F. J. Corr, Science 291, 862 (2001).
10. 2 > 0.96) in all instances. We detected no temporal change in the echoes and no penetration of the surface layer at any time.
11. Ocean tides generate up to 2.5 m of vertical motion at the LIS (34). Station data are too remote to produce tidal predictions for the entire LIS, and ocean tide solutions can prove inaccurate for ice shelves that do not respond freely to tidal forcing (35). We derived a model of the LIS tidal motion from the ERS altimeter data set itself (36) to estimate the displacement at the time and location of each elevation measurement. The same model resolved the four principal tidal constituents to within 10.9 cm of station records at the George VI Ice Shelf, ∼500 km southeast.
12. W. Rack, thesis, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat (2000).
13. R. Warwick, C. Le Provost, M. Meier, J. Oerlemans, P. Woodworth, in Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 359-405.
14. J. R. Potter, J. G. Paren, M. Pedley, British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 68, 1 (1985).
15. M. J. Whitehouse, J. Priddle, C. Symon, Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 43, 425 (1996).
16. R. Robertson, M. Visbeck, A. L. Gordon, E. Fahrback, Deep Sea Research 49, 4791 (2002).
17. J. C. Comiso, Journal of Climate 13, 1674 (2000).
18. D. G. Vaughan, G. J. Marshall, W. M. Connolley, J. C. King, R. Mulvaney, Science 293, 1777 (2001).
19. M. A. Fahnestock, W. Abdalati, C. A. Shuman, Ann. Glaciol. 34, 127 (2002).
20. -3 for the Larsen-A, -B and -C ice shelves, respectively.
21. N. Reeh, Polarforschung 59, 113 (1991).
22. -1. We used this factor and a positive degree-day model (21) to estimate changes in the mass of melted firn (table 51). Melt-water production was much larger at northerly latitudes.
23. M. B. Lythe, D. G. Vaughan, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 11335 (2001).
24. -1.
25. C. Raymond et al., J. Glaciol. 42, 510 (1996).
26. J. Turner, S. Leonard, T. Lachlan-Cope, G. J. Marshall, J. Glaciol. 27, 591 (1998).
27. W. S. B. Paterson, The Physics of Glaciers (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, ed. 3, 1994).
28. K. Herterich, in Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, C. J. Van der Veen, J. Oerlemans, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987).
29. I. Joughin, L. Padman, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1477 (2003).
30. E. Rignot, S. S. Jacobs, Science 296, 2020 (2002).
31. K. Nicholls, personal communication.
32. J. K. Ridley, K. C. Partington, International Journal of Remote Sensing 9, 601 (1988).
33. G. S. Brown, IEEE Transactions of Antennas and Propagation 25, 67 (1977).
34. J. O. Speroni, W. C. Dragani, E. E. D'Onofrio, M. R. Drabble, C. A. Mazio, Geoactas 25, 1 (2001).
35. N. Reeh, C. Mayer, O. B. Olesen, E. L. Christensen, H. H. Thomsen, Ann. Glaciol. 31, 111 (2000).
36. A. Shepherd, N. R. Peacock, J. Geophs. Res. 108, 3198 (2003).
37. C. S. M. Doake, Ann. Glaciol. 5, 47 (1984).
38. J. G. Ferrigno et al., AVHRR Antarctic Mosaic (USGS 1-2560, 2001).
39. Supported by the United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling and Insstituto Antártico Argentino. We thank the European Space Agency for ERS data and the British Antarctic Survey for access to the BEDMAP database.