Patterns of endemism and comparative phylogeography confirm palaeoenvironmental evidence for Pleistocene refugia in the Eastern Alps

Taxon

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 477-497

  Tribsch, Andreas ^a   Schönswetter, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Alpine plants; Biogeography; Comparative phylogeography; Eastern alps; Endemism; Europe; Geology; Glacial refugia; Last glacial maximum; Pleistocene

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; ENDEMISM; FLORA; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; REFUGIUM;

ALPS; EUROPE;

ANDROSACE; ANDROSACE ALPINA; ANDROSACE WULFENIANA; ERITRICHIUM; ERITRICHIUM NANUM; PHYTEUMA; PHYTEUMA GLOBULARIIFOLIUM; RANUNCULACEAE; RANUNCULUS; RANUNCULUS GLACIALIS; SAPONARIA; SAPONARIA PUMILA; TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 0242338725     PISSN: 00400262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3647447     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (83)

1. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994. Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
2. Bauert, M. R., Kaelin, M., Baltisberger, M. & Edwards, P. J. 1998. No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of Saxifraga cernua in the Alps using RAPD markers. Molec. Ecol. 7: 1519-1527.
3. Bennett, K. D. 1997. Evolution and Ecology. The Pace of Life. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
4. Bennett, K. D., Tzedakis, C. & Willis, K. J. 1991. Quaternary refugia of north European trees. J. Biogeogr. 18: 103-118.
5. Bilton, D. T., Mirol, P. M., Mascaretti, S., Fredga, K., Zima, J. & Searle, J. B. 1998. Mediterranean Europe as an area of endemism for small mammals rather than a source for northwards postglacial colonization. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B Biol. Sci. 265: 1219-1226.
6. Bortenschlager, S. 1972. Der pollenanalytische Nachweis von Gletscher-und Klimaschwankungen in Mooren der Ostalpen. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 85: 113-122.
7. Burga, C. A. & Perret, R. 1998. Vegetation und Klima der Schweiz seit dem jüngeren Eiszeitalter. Ott Verlag, Thun.
8. Candolle, A. P. de. 1875. Sur les causes de l'inégale distribution des plantes rares dans la chaîne des Alpes. Atti del Congresso Internazionale Botanico Tenuto in Firenze 1874: 92-104.
9. Chodat, R. & Pampanini, R. 1902. Sur la distribution des plantes dans les alpes austro-orientales et plus particulièrement d'un choix de plantes des alpes cadoriques et venitiennes. Le Globe 41: 1-70.
10. Comes, H. P. & Kadereit, J. W. 1998. The effect of Quaternary climatic changes on plant distribution and evolution. Trends Plant Sci. 3: 432-438.
11. Crisp, M. D., Laffan, S., Linder, H. P. & Monro, A. 2001. Endemism in the Australian Flora. J. Biogeogr. 28: 183-198.
12. Dhar, U. 2002. Conservation of plant endemism in high-altitude Himalaya. Current Sci. 82: 141-148.
13. Dynesius, M. & Jansson, R. 2000. Evolutionary consequences of changes in species' geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:9115-9120.
14. Favarger, C. 1972. Endemism in the montane floras of Europe. Pp. 191-204 in: Valentine, D. H. (ed.), Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution. Academic Press, London.
15. Foddai, D. & Minelli, A. 1994. Fossil arthropods from a full-glacial site in northeastern Italy. Quatern. Res. 41: 336-342.
16. Frenzel, B. 1964. Über die offene Vegetation der letzten Eiszeit am Ostrande der Alpen. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 103/104: 110-137.
17. Gugerli, F. & Holderegger, R. 2001. Nunatak survival, tabula rasa and the influence of the Pleistocene ice-ages on plant evolution in mountain areas. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 397-398.
18. Haffer, J. 1982. General aspects of the refuge theory. Pp. 6-24 in: Prance, G. T. (ed.), Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
19. Hewitt, G. M. 1996. Some genetic consequences of ice ages and their role in divergence and speciation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 58: 247-276.
20. Hewitt, G. M. 2000. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature 405: 907-913.
21. Holderegger, R., Stehlik, I. & Abbott, R. J. 2002. Molecular analysis of the Pleistocene history of Saxifraga oppositifolia in the Alps. Molec. Ecol. 11: 1409-1418.
22. Holdhaus, K. 1954. Die Spuren der Eiszeit in der Tierwelt Europas. Abh. Zool.-Bot Ges. Wien 18: 1-493.
23. Hugall, A., Moritz, C., Moussalli, A. & Stanisic, J. 2002. Reconciling paleodistribution models and comparative phylogeography in the wet tropics rainforest land snail Gnarosophia bellendenkerensis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 6112-6117.
24. Jäckli, H. 1970. Die Schweiz zur letzten Eiszeit (1:550000). In: Eidgenössische Landestopographie (ed.), Atlas der Schweiz. Eidgenössische Landestopographie, Wabern-Bern.
25. Jerosch, M. C. 1903. Geschichte und Herkunft der Schweizerischen Alpenflora. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
26. Kikvidze, Z. & Oshawa, M. 2001. Richness of Colchic vegetation: between refugia of southwestern and East Asia. BMC Ecology 1: 1-10. [http://www.biomedcentral. com/1427-6785/1/6.]
27. Koch, M. 2002. Genetic differentiation and speciation in pre-alpine Cochlearia: allohexaploid Cochlearia bavarica Vogt (Brassicaceae) compared to its diploid ancestor Cochlearia pyrenaica DC. in Germany and Austria. Pl. Syst. Evol. 232: 35-49.
28. Körner, Ch. 1999. Alpine Plant Life. Springer, Berlin.
29. Koskinen, M. T., Nilsson, J., Veselov, A. J., Potutkin, A. G., Ranta, E. & Primmer, C. R. 2002. Microsatellite data resolve phylogeographic patterns in European grayling, Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae. Heredity 88: 391-402.
30. Kropf, M., Kadereit, J. W. & Comes, H.-P. 2002. Late Quaternary distributional stasis in the submediterranean mountain plant Anthyllis montana L. (Fabaceae) inferred from ITS sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Molec. Ecol. 11: 447-463.
31. Lang, G. 1994. Quartäre Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. Methoden und Ergebnisse. Gustav Fischer, Jena.
32. Linder, H. P. 2001. Plant diversity and endemism in sub-Saharan tropical Africa. J. Biogeogr. 28: 169-182.
33. Lynch, J. D. 1988. Refugia. Pp. 311-342 in: Myers, A. A. & Giller, P. S. (eds.), Analytical Biogeography. An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions. Chapman and Hall, London.
34. Major, J. 1988. Endemism: a botanical perspective. Pp. 117-146 in: Myers, A. A. & Giller, P. S. (eds.), Analytical Biogeography. An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions. Chapman and Hall, London.
35. Merxmüller, H. 1952. Untersuchungen zur Sippengliederung und Arealbildung in den Alpen. I. Jahrb. Ver. Schutz Alpenpfl. Alpentiere 17: 96-133.
36. Merxmüller, H. 1953. Untersuchungen zur Sippengliederung und Arealbildung in den Alpen. 11. Jahrb. Ver. Schutz Alpenpfl. Alpentiere 18: 135-158.
37. Merxmüller, H. 1954. Untersuchungen zur Sippengliederung und Arealbildung in den Alpen. III. Jahrb. Ver. Schutz Alpenpfl. Alpentiere 19: 97-139.
38. Möbus, G. 1997. Geologie der Alpen. Sven von Loga, Köln.
39. Moritz, C. & Faith, D. P. 1998. Comparative phylogeography and the identification of genetically divergent areas for conservation. Molec. Ecol. 7: 419-429.
40. Moscariello, A., Ravazzi, C., Brauer, A., Mangili, C., Chiesa, S., Rossi, S., Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M. 2000. A long lacustrine record from the Piànico-Sèllere Basin (middle-late Pleistocene, Northern Italy). Quartern. Int. 73/74: 47-68.
41. Muster, Ch. 2002. Substitution patterns in congeneric arachnid species in the northern Alps. Diversity Distrib. 8: 107-121.
42. Nagl, H. 1972. Zur pleistozänen Vergletscherung Österreichs. Österreich in Geschichte und Literatur 16: 163-176.
43. Nason, J. D., Hamrick, J. L. & Fleming, T. H. 2002. Historical vicariance and postglacial colonization effects on the evolution of genetic structure in Lophocereus, a Sonoran desert columnar cactus. Evolution 56: 2214-2226.
44. Niklfeld, H. 1972. Der niederösterreichische Alpenostrand -ein Glazialrefugium montaner Pflanzensippen. Jahrb. Ver. Schutz Alpenpfl. Alpentiere 37: 1-54.
45. Noack, M. 1922. Über die seltenen nordischen Pflanzen in den Alpen. Eine florengeschichtliche Studie. Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 95: 1-288.
46. Pawłowski, B. 1970. Remarques sur l'endémisme dans la flore des Alpes et des Carpates. Vegetatio 21: 181-243.
47. Penck, A. 1905. Die Entwicklung Europas seit der Tertiärzeit. Pp. 13-24 in: Wettstein, R., Wiesner, J. & Zahlbruckner, A. (eds.), Résultats Scientifiques du Congrès International de Botanique Vienne 1905. Gustav Fischer, Jena.
48. Penck, A. & Brückner, E. 1909. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter. Tauchnitz, Leipzig.
49. Ravazzi, C. 2002. Late Quaternary history of spruce in southern Europe. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 120: 131-177.
50. Reisigl, H. & Keller, R. 1994. Alpenpflanzen im Lebensraum. Alpine Schutt-und Rasenvegetation. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
51. Reisigl, H. & Pitschmann, H. 1958. Obere Grenzen der Flora und Vegetation in der Nivalstufe der zentralen Ötztaler Alpen (Tirol). Vegetatio 8: 93-129.
52. Schneider, C. J., Cunningham, M. & Moritz, C. 1998. Comparative phylogeography and the history of endemic vertebrates in the Wet Tropics rainforests of Australia. Molec. Ecol. 7: 487-498.
53. Schönswetter, P. & Tribsch, A. 2001. Phylogeography of the high alpine cushion plant Androsace alpina (Primulaceae) in the Alps. In: Stehlik, I., Tribsch, A. & Schönswetter, P. (eds.), Erstes gemeinsames Meeting zur Phylogeographie von arktischen und alpinen Pflanzen in Zürich, 1-3 Juni 2001. Bauhinia 15: 69-90.
54. Schönswetter, P., Tribsch, A. & Niklfeld, H. 2002. Several Pleistocene refugia detected in the high alpine plant Phyteuma globulariifolium in the European Alps. Molec. Ecol. 11: 2637-2647.
55. Schönswetter, P., Tribsch, A. & Niklfeld, H. 2003. Disjunctions in relict alpine plants: phytogeography of Androsace brevis and A. wulfeniana (Primulaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141: 437-446.
56. Schönswetter, P., Tribsch, A., Stehlik, I. & Niklfeld, H. In press. Glacial history of high alpine Ranunculus glacialis (Ranunculaceae) in the European Alps in a comparative phylogeographical context. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
57. Soltis, D. E., Gitzendanner, M. A., Strenge, D. D. & Soltis, P. S. 1997. Chloroplast DNA intraspecific phylogeography of plants from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Pl. Syst. Evol. 206: 353-373.
58. Stehlik, I. 2000. Nunataks and peripheral refugia for alpine plants during the Quaternary glaciation in the middle part of the Alps. Bot. Helv. 110: 25-30.
59. Stehlik, I. 2002. Glacial history of the alpine Rumex nivalis (Polygonaceae): a comparison of traditional phylogeographic methods with nested clade analysis. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 2007-2016.
60. Stehlik, I. 2003. Resistance or immigration? Response of alpine plants to the ice ages. Taxon 52: 499-510.
61. Stehlik, I., Blattner, F. R., Holderegger, R. & Bachmann, K. 2002a. Multiple glacial nunatak survival of the high alpine Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin within the European Alps. Molec. Ecol. 11: 2027-2036.
62. Stehlik, I., Holderegger, R., Schneller, J. J., Abbott, R. J. & Bachmann. K. 2000. Molecular biogeography and population genetics of alpine plant species. Bull. Geobot. Inst. ETH 66: 47-59.
63. Stehlik, I., Schneller, J. J. & Bachmann, K. 2001. Resistance or emigration: response of the high-alpine plant Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin to the ice age within the Central Alps. Molec. Ecol. 10: 357-370.
64. Stehlik, I., Schneller, J. J. & Bachmann, K. 2002b. Immigration and in situ glacial survival of the low-alpine Erinus alpinus (Scrophulariaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 77: 87-103.
65. Stewart, J. R. & Lister, A. M. 2001. Cryptic northern refugia and origins of the modern biota. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16: 608-613.
66. Sullivan, J., Arellano, E. & Rogers, D. S. 2000. Comparative phylogeography of Mesoamerican highland rodents: concerted versus independent response to past climate fluctuations. Amer. Nat. 155: 755-768.
67. Surget-Groba, Y., Heulin, B., Ghielmi, S., Guillaume, C. P., & Vogrin, N. 2002. Phylogeography and conservation of the populations of Zootoca vivipara carniolica. Biol. Cons. 106: 365-372.
68. Taberlet, P. & Cheddadi, R. 2002. Quaternary refugia and persistence of biodiversity. Science 297: 2009-2010.
69. Taberlet, P., Fumagalli, L., Wust-Saucy, A. G. & Cosson, J. F. 1998. Comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe. Molec. Ecol. 7: 453-464.
70. Tallis, J. H. 1991. Plant Community History. Chapman and Hall, London.
71. Tribsch, A. 2003. The Influence of Pleistocene Glaciations on Phylogeography and Patterns of Endemism of Vascular Plants in the Eastern Alps. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Vienna, Vienna.
72. Tribsch, A., Schönswetter, P. & Stuessy, T. 2002. Saponaria pumila (Caryophyllaceae) and the Ice Ages in the European Alps. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 2024-2033.
73. Tzedakis, P. C. 1993. Long-term tree populations in northwest Greece through multiple Quaternary climatic cycles. Nature 364: 437-440.
74. Tzedakis, P. C., Lawson, I. T., Frogley, M. R., Hewitt, G. M. & Preece, R. C. 2002. Buffered tree population changes in a Quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications. Science 297: 2044-2047.
75. van Husen, D. 1987. Die Ostalpen in den Eiszeiten. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Vienna.
76. van Husen, D. 1997. LGM and late-glacial fluctuations in the Eastern Alps. Quatern. Int. 38/39: 109-118.
77. Vetters, H. 1933. Geologische Karte der Republik Österreich und der Nachbargebiete 1:500000. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien.
78. Vitek, E. 2000. Euphrasia inopinata Ehrendorfer & Vitek (Scrophulariaceae) in Salzburg. Wulfenia 7: 83-86.
79. Vogel, J. C., Rumsey, F. J., Schneller, J. J., Barret, J. A. & Gibby, M. 1999. Where are the glacial refugia in Europe? Evidence from pteridophytes. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 66: 23-37.
80. Volckaert, F. A. M., Hänfling, B., Hellemann, B. & Carvalho, G. R. 2002. Timing of the population dynamics of bullhead Cottus gobio (Teleostei: Cottidae) during the Pleistocene. J. Evol. Biol. 15: 930-944.
81. Wendelberger, G. 1954. Zur Vergesellschaftung einiger Nunataker-Taraxaca aus Osttirol (Österreich). Vegetatio 5/6: 247-256.
82. Widmer, A. & Baltisberger, M. 1999. Molecular evidence for allopolyploid speciation and a single origin of the narrow endemic Draba ladina (Brassicaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 86: 1282-1289.
83. Wohlgemuth, T. 2002. Environmental determinants of vascular plant species richness in the Swiss alpine zone. Pp. 103-116 in: Körner, Ch. & Spehn, E. M. (eds.), Mountain Biodiversity. A Global Assessment. Boca Raton, Parthenon.