Observation of C2 radicals formed by laser ablation of graphite targets using cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

Volumn 36, Issue 20, 2003, Pages 2465-2470

  Labazan, I ^a   Krstulovic N ^a   Milosevic S ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS   (Croatia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON; EXCIMER LASERS; FREE RADICALS; GRAPHITE; LASER ABLATION; LIGHT ABSORPTION; LIGHT EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; VAPORIZATION;

CAVITY RING DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; PLUME; TEMPORAL RESOLUTIONS;

LASER THEORY;

EID: 0242317320     PISSN: 00223727     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/20/007     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. 2 Swan system J. Mol. Spectrosc. 215 285-294
2. 2 emission detected in fuel-rich flames using a UV laser Appl. Phys. B 52 371-5
3. 2 and CH electronic bands in low-pressure oxyacetylene flames J. Chem. Phys. 43 3680-7
4. 2 Opt. Lett. 11 126-8
5. 2 high-pressure bands observed in the products of a microwave discharge through CO Chem. Phys. Lett. 218 529-36
6. Arepalli S, Nikolaev P, Holmes W and Scott C D 2000 Diagnostics of laser-produced plume under carbon nanotube growth conditions Appl. Phys. A 70 125-33
7. Lebedkin S, Schweiss P, Renker B, Malik S, Hennrich F, Neumaier M, Stoermer C and Kappes M M 2002 Single-wall carbon nanotubes with diameters approaching 6 nm obtained by laser vaporization Carbon 40 417-23
8. Yoshitake T, Hara T and Nagayama K 2003 The influence of the repetition rate of laser pulses on the growth of diamond thin films by pulsed laser ablation of graphite Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 306-9
9. van Orden A and Saykally R J 1998 Small carbon clusters: spectroscopy, structure, and energetics Chem. Rev. 98 2313-57
10. Neogi A, Narayanan V and Thareja R K 1999 Optical emission studies of laser ablated carbon plasma in a curved magnetic field Phys. Lett. A 258 135-40
11. Lade R J, Claeyssens F, Rosser K N and Ashfold M N R 1999 193 nm laser ablation of CVD diamond and graphite in vacuum: plume analysis and film properties Appl. Phys. A 69 (suppl.) S935-9
12. Yamagata Y, Kozai Y, Mitsugi F, Ikegami T, Ebihara K, Sharma A, Mayo R M and Narayan J 2000 Laser induced fluorescence measurement of plasma plume during pulsed laser deposition of diamond-like carbon Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. 617 J3.4.1-3.4.6
13. Claeyssens F, Lade RJ, Rosser KN and Ashfold MNR 2001 Investigations of the plume accompanying pulsed ultraviolet laser ablation of graphite in vacuum J. Appl. Phys. 89 697-709
14. Anselment N, Smith R S, Daykin E and Dimauro L F 1987 Optical emission studies on graphite in a laser/vaporization supersonic jet cluster source Chem. Phys. Lett. 134 444-9
15. 2 from laser produced carbon plasma J. Chem. Phys. 100 4019-20
16. Harilal S S 2001 Expansion dynamics of laser ablated carbon plasma plume in helium ambient Appl. Surf. Sci. 172 103-9
17. 3 radical densities in laser-ablation carbon plumes measured by laser-induced fluorescence imaging spectroscopy J. Appl. Phys. 91 4033-9
18. Sasaki K, Wakasaki T and Kadota K 2002 Observation of continuum optical emission from laser-ablation carbon plumes Appl. Surf. Sci. 197-198 197-201
19. Dinescu G, Aldea E, De Giorgi M L, Luche A, Perrone A and Zocco A 1998 Optical emission spectroscopy of molecular species in plasma induced by laser ablation of carbon in nitrogen Appl. Surf. Sci. 127-129 697-702
20. Vivien C, Hermann J, Perrone A, Boulmer-Leborgne C and Luches A 1998 A study of molecule formation during laser ablation of graphite in low-pressure nitrogen J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 1263-72
21. Wee S and Park S M 1999 Reactive laser ablation of graphite in a nitrogen atmosphere: optical emission studies Opt. Commun. 165 199-205
22. 2 Appl. Surf. Sci. 197-198 21-6
23. Dutouquet C and Hermann J 2001 Laser-induced fluorescence probing during pulsed-laser ablation for three-dimensional number density mapping of plasma species J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 3356-63
24. 2 and CN formed by laser ablation of graphite in a nitrogen atmosphere Appl. Surf. Sci. 178 37-43
25. 2 and CN in laser-created carbon plasma under nitrogen environment J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35 2772-8
26. 2 atmosphere for preparation of diamond films and carbon nanotubes Diamond Relat. Mater. 11 953-6
27. Chen X and Mazumder J 1990 Emission spectroscopy during excimer laser ablation of graphite Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 2178-80
28. Chen X, Mazumder J and Purohit A 1991 Optical emission diagnostics of laser-induced plasma for diamond-like film deposition Appl. Phys. A 52 328-34
29. Germain C, Girault C, Aubreton J and Catherinot A 1993 Laser ablation of graphite targets Appl. Surf. Sci. 69 359-64
30. Rode A V, Gamaly E G and Luther-Davies B 2000 Formation of cluster-assembled carbon nano-foam by high-repetition-rate laser ablation Appl. Phys. A 70 135-44
31. Rusak D A, Castle B C, Smith B W and Winefordner J D 1997 Excitational, vibrational, and rotational temperatures in Nd: YAG and XeCl laser-induced plasmas Spectrochim. Acta 52 (part B) 1929-1935
32. St-Onge L, Sing R, Bechard S and Sabsabi M 1999 Carbon emissions following 1.064 μm laser ablation of graphite and organic samples in ambient air Appl. Phys. A 69 (suppl.) S913-16
33. Berden G, Peeters R and Meijer G 2000 Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: experimental schemes and applications Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 19 565-607
34. u state measured by cavity ring down spectroscopy in an atmospheric oxyacetylene flame J. Appl. Phys. 91 969-74
35. 2 in a microwave plasma Diamond Relat. Mater. 11 608-11
36. 2 radical density in microwave methane/hydrogen plasma used for nanocrystalline diamond film formation Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 365-8
37. Benedikt J, Woen R V, van Mensfoort S L M, Perina V, Hong J and van de Sanden M C M 2003 Plasma chemistry during the deposition of a-C: H films and its influence on film properties Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 90-7
38. Mankelevich Yu A, Suetin N V, Ashfold M N R, Boxford W E, Orr-Ewing A J, Smith J A and Wills J B 2003 Chemical kinetics in carbon depositing d.c.-arc jet CVD reactors Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 383-90
39. 3 using cavity ringdown spectroscopy of a supersonic plasma Chem. Phys. Lett. 374 583-6
40. 4 in the gas phase J. Chem. Phys. 112 9777-9
41. 5 in the gas phase J. Chem. Phys. 111 6161-3
42. Casaes R, Provençal R, Paul J and Saykally R J 2002 High resolution pulsed infrared cavity ringdown spectroscopy: application to laser ablated carbon clusters J. Chem. Phys. 116 6640-7
43. Labazan I and Milošević S 2002 Observation of lithium dimers in laser produced plume by cavity ring-down spectroscopy Chem. Phys. Lett. 352 226-33
44. 2* J. Chem. Phys. 36 2366-9
45. g) by laser fluorescence excitation Chem. Phys. Lett. 40 126-30
46. Kovacs I 1969 Rotational Structure in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (New York: Am. Elsevier Pub. Com.)
47. 2 molecule Astrophys. J. 426 812-21
48. 2 and LiNa molecules observed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy Phys. Rev. A 68 032901
49. Harilal S S, Bindhu C V, Tillack, M S, Najmabadi F and Gaeris A 2003 Internal structure and expansion of laser ablation plumes into ambient gases J. Appl. Phys. 93 2380-88
50. Acquaviva S and De Giorgi M. L. 2003 Fast photography of XeCl laser-induced plasma of graphite in vacuum and in nitrogen atmosphere J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 247-60