Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 30, Issue 15, 2003, Pages

  Mann, Michael E ^a   Jones, Philip D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA REDUCTION; SURFACE PHENOMENA; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; REPAIR;

SURFACE TEMPERATURES; 20TH CENTURY; GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL-MEAN TEMPERATURE; HIGH RESOLUTION; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; TEMPERATURE DATA;

GEOPHYSICS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOTEMPERATURE; RECONSTRUCTION; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

EID: 0242305908     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017814     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bradley, R. S., and P. D. Jones, "Little Ice Age" summer temperature variations: Their nature and relevance to recent global warming trends, The Holocene, 3, 367-376, 1993.
2. Bond, G., B. Kromer, J. Beer, R. Muscheler, M. N. Evans, W. Showers, S. Hoffman, R. Lotti-Bond, I. Hajdas, and G. Bonani, Persistant Solar influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene, Science, 294, 2130-2136, 2001.
3. Briffa, K. R., and T. J. Osborn, Seeing the Wood from the Trees, Science, 284, 926-927, 1999.
4. Briffa, K. R., T. J. Osborn, F. H. Schweingruber, I. C. Harris, P. D. Jones, S. G. Shiyatov, and E. A. Vaganov, Low-frequency temperature variations from a northern tree ring density network, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2929-2941, 2001.
5. Cook, E. R., B. M. Buckley, R. D. D'Arrigo, and M. J. Peterson, Warm-season temperatures since 1600 BC reconstructed from Tasmanian tree rings and their relationship to large-scale sea surface temperature anomalies, Clim. Dyn., 16, 79-91, 2000.
6. Cook, E. R., J. G. Palmer, and R. D. D'Arrigo, Evidence for a "Medieval Warm Period" in a 1,100 year tree-ring reconstruction of past austral summer temperatures in New Zealand, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(14), doi:10.1029/2001GL014580, 2002.
7. Cronin, T. M., G. S. Dwyer, T. Kamiya, S. Schwede, and D. A. Willard, Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century temperature variability from Chesapeake Bay, Global Planet. Change, 36, 17-29, 2003.
8. Crowley, T. J., Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years, Science, 289, 270-277, 2000.
9. Crowley, T. J., and T. Lowery, How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period?, Ambio, 29, 51-54, 2000.
10. Dahl-Jensen, D., K. Mosegaard, N. Gundestrup, G. D. Clow, S. J. Johnsen, A. W. Hansen, and N. Balling, Past Temperatures Directly from the Greenland Ice Sheet, Science, 282, 268-271, 1998.
11. D'Arrigo, R., G. Jacoby, D. Frank, N. Pederson, E. Cook, B. Buckley, B. Nachin, R. Mijiddorj, and C. Dugarjav, 1738 Years of Mongolian Temperature Variability Inferred from a Tree-Ring Width Chronology of Siberian Pine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 543-546, 2001.
12. Delworth, T. L., and M. E. Mann, Observed and Simulated Multidecadal Variability in the Northern Hemisphere, Clim. Dyn., 16, 661-676, 2000.
13. Esper, J., E. R. Cook, and F. H. Schweingruber, Low-Frequency Signbals in Long Tree-Ring Chronologies for Reconstructing Past Temperature Variability, Science, 295, 2250-2253, 2002.
14. Evans, M. N., A. Kaplan, and M. A. Cane, Pacific sea surface temperature field reconstruction from coral d18O data using reduced space objective analysis, Paleooceanogr., 17, doi:10.1029/2000PA000590, 2002.
15. Fisher, D. A., R. M. Koerner, K. Kuiviner, H. B. Clausen, S. J. Johnsen, J. P. Steffensen, N. Gundestrup, and C. U. Hammer, Inter-Comparison of Ice Core and Precipitation Records from Sites in Canada and Greenland over the Last 3500 Years and Over the Last Few Centuries in Detail Using EOF Techniques, in Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the last 2000 Years, edited by P. D. Jones, R. S. Bradley, and J. Jouzel, NATO ASI Series, vol. 141, 297-328, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.
16. Folland, C. K., T. R. Karl, J. R. Christy, R. A. Clarke, G. V. Gruza, J. Jouzel, M. E. Mann, J. Oerlemans, M. J. Salinger, and S.-W. Wang, Observed Climate Variability and Change, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., 99-181, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001.
17. 2, Clim. Dyn., 20, 281-299, 2003.
18. Jones, P. D., K. R. Briffa, T. P. Barnett, and S. F. B. Tett, High-resolution palaeclimatic records for the last millennium: Interpretation, integration and camparison with General Circulation Model control-run temperatures, The Holocene, 8, 455-471, 1998.
19. Jones P. D., M. New, D. E. Parker, S. Martin, and J. G. Rigor, Surface Air Temperature and its Changes over the Past 150 Years, Rev. Geophys., 37, 173-199, 1999.
20. Jones, P. D., T. J. Osborn, and K. B. Briffa, The Evolution of Climate Over the Last Millennium, Science, 292, 662-667, 2001.
21. Lara, A., and R. Villalba, A 3620-year temperature record from Fitzroya cupressoides tree rings in southern South America, Science, 260, 1104-1106, 1993.
22. Luterbacher, J., E. Xoplaki, D. Dietrich, R. Rickli, J. Jacobeit, C. Beck, D. Gyalistras, C. Schmutz, and H. Wanner, Reconstruction of sea level pressure fields over the Eastern North Atlantic and Europe back to 1500, Clim. Dyn., 18, 545-561, 2002.
23. Mann, M. E., The Value of Multiple Proxies, Science, 297, 1481-1482, 2002.
24. Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries, Nature, 392, 779-787, 1998.
25. Mann, M. E., R. S. Bradley, and M. K. Hughes, Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759-762, 1999.
26. Mann, M. E., E. Gille, R. S. Bradley, M. K. Hughes, J. T. Overpeck, F. T. Keimig, and W. Gross, Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation, Earth Interactions, 4-4, 1-29, 2000.
27. Mann, M. E., S. Rutherford, R. S. Bradley, M. K. Hughes, and F. T. Keimig, Optimal Surface Temperature Reconstructions Using Terrestrial Borehole Data, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4203, doi:10.1029/2002JD002532, 2003.
28. Overpreck, J., K. Hughen, D. Hardy, R. Bradley, R. Case, M. Douglas, B. Finney, K. Gajewski, G. Jacoby, A. Jennings, S. Lamoureux, A. Lasca, G. M. J. Moore, M. Retelle, S. Smith, A. Wolfe, and G. Zielinski, Arctic Environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries, Science, 278, 1251-1256, 1997.
29. Soon, W., and S. Baliunas, Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years, Clim. Res., 23, 89-110, 2003.
30. Thompson, L. G., Ice core evidence from Peru and China, in Climate Since A. D. 1500, edited by R. S. Bradley and P. D. Jones, 517-548, Routledge, 1992.
31. Yang, B., A Braeuning, K. R. Johnson, and S. Yafeng, General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(4), doi:10.1029/2001GL014485, 2002.