Visualizations of binary data: A comparative evaluation

International Journal of Human Computer Studies

Volumn 59, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 569-602

  Lee, Michael D ^a   Butavicius, Marcus A ^a   Reilly, Rachel E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chernoff faces; Data visualization; Empirical evaluation; Glyphs; Multidimensional scaling

Indexed keywords

DATA MINING; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTING;

DATA VISUALIZATION;

DATA REDUCTION;

EID: 0242303036     PISSN: 10715819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00082-X     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Arabie, P., Carroll, J.D., 1980. MAPCLUS: a mathematical programming approach to fitting the ADCLUS model. Psychometrika 45 (2), 211-235.
2. Carlin, B.P., Louis, T.A., 2000. Bayes and Empirical Bayes Methods for Data Analysis, 2nd Edition. Chapman & Hall, New York.
3. Carroll, J.D., 1976. Spatial, non-spatial and hybrid models for scaling. Psychometrika 41, 439-463.
4. Chatfield, C., Collins, A.J., 1980. Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. Chapman & Hall, London.
5. Chen, C., Yu, Y., 2000. Empirical studies of information visualization: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (5), 851-866.
6. Chernoff, H., 1973. The use of faces to represent points in k-dimensional space graphically. Journal of the American Statistical Association 68, 361-368.
7. Chernoff, H., Rizvi, M.H., 1975. Effect on classification error of random permutations of features in representing multivariate data by faces. Journal of American Statistical Association 70, 548-554.
8. Cohen, J., 1994. The earth is round (p<0.05). American Psychologist 49, 997-1003.
9. Cohen, J.D., 1997. Drawing graphs to convey proximity: an incremental arrangement method. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 4 (3), 197-229.
10. Corter, J.E., 1996. Tree Models of Similarity and Association. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
11. Cox, T.F., Cox, M.A.A., 1994. Multidimensional Scaling. Chapman & Hall, London.
12. Dowell, J., Long, J., 1998. Conception of the cognitive engineering design problem. Ergonomics 41 (2), 126-140.
13. Edwards, W., Lindman, H., Savage, L.J., 1963. Bayesian statistical inference for psychological research. Psychological Review 70 (3), 193-242.
14. Everitt, B., 1978. Graphical Techniques for Multivariate Data. Heinemann, London.
15. Everitt, B.S., Dunn, G., 1991. Applied Multivariate Data Analysis, Edward Arnold, London.
16. Gati, I., Tversky, A., 1984. Weighting common and distinctive features in perceptual and conceptual judgments. Cognitive Psychology 16, 341-370.
17. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, U.S., Rubin, D.B., 1995. Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall, London.
18. Getty, D.J., Swets, J.A., Swets, J.B., Green, D.M., 1979. On the prediction of confusion matrices from similarity judgements. Perception & Psychophysics 26, 1-19.
19. Graham, M., Kennedy, J., Benyon, D., 2000. Towards a methodology for developing visualizations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (5), 789-807.
20. Haskell, I.D., Wickens, C.D., 1993. Two- and three-dimensional displays for aviation: a theoretical and empirical comparison. International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3 (2), 87-109.
21. Howson, C., Urbach, P., 1993. Scientific Reasoning: The Bayesian Approach. Open Court Press, La Salle, IL.
22. Hunter, J.E., 1997. Needed: a ban on the significance test. Psychological Science 8 (1), 3-7.
23. Jacob, R.J.K., Egeth, H.E., Bevon, W., 1976. The face as data display. Human Factors 18, 189-200.
24. Jones, P.M., Wickens, C.D., Deutsch, S.J., 1990. The display of multivariate information: an experimental study of an information integration task. Human Performance 3 (1), 1-17.
25. Kass, R.E., Raftery, A.E., 1995. Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 (430), 773-795.
26. Kosslyn, S.M., 1994. Elements of Graph Design. W.H. Freeman, New York.
27. Kruschke, J.K., 1992. ALCOVE: an exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review 99 (1), 22-44.
28. Kruskal, J.B., 1964. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29 (1), 1-27.
29. Lee, M.D., 2001. Determining the dimensionality of multidimensional scaling representations for cognitive modeling. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 45 (1), 149-166.
30. Lee, M.D., 2002. A simple method for generating additive clustering models with limited complexity. Machine Learning 49, 39-58.
31. Lee, M.D., Navarro, D.J., 2002. Extending the ALCOVE model of category learning to featural stimulus domains. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9 (1), 43-58.
32. Lee, M.D., Vickers, D., 1998. Psychological approaches to data visualisation. DSTO Research Report DSTO-RR-0135.
33. Leonard, T., Hsu, J.S.J., 1999. Bayesian Methods: An Analysis for Statisticians and Interdisciplinary Researchers. Cambridge University Press, New York.
34. Lindley, D.V., 1972. Bayesian Statistics: A Review. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.
35. Liu, Y., 1989. Use of computer graphics and cluster analysis in aiding relational judgment. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting, Santa Monica, CA. Human Factors Society, San Francisco, CA, pp. 345-349.
36. Lokuge, I., Gilbert, S.A., Richards, W., 1996. Structuring information with mental models: a tour of Boston. In: Bilger, R., Guest, S., Tauber, M.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the ACM/SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vancouver, Canada. ACM, New York.
37. Lowe, D., Tipping, M.E., 1996. Feed-forward neural networks and topographic mappings for exploratory data analysis. Neural Computing and Applications 4, 83-95.
38. Manly, B.F.J., 1994. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer. Chapman & Hall, London.
39. Mao, J., Jain, A.K., 1995. Artificial neural networks for feature extraction and multivariate data projection. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 6 (2), 296-317.
40. Margaritis, D., Thrun, S., 2001. A Bayesian multiresolution independence test for continuous variables. In: Breese, J., Koller, D. (Eds.), UAI '01: Proceedings of the 17th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, San Francisco, CA. Morgan Kauffman, Los Altos, CA.
41. Meyer, J., 2000. Performance with tables and graphs: effects of training and a visual search model. Ergonomics 43 (11), 1840-1865.
42. Morris, C.J., Ebert, D.S., Rheingans, P., 2000. An experimental analysis of the effectiveness of features in Chernoff faces. In: Oliver, W.R. (Ed.), 28th AIPR Workshop: 3D Visualization for Data Exploration and Decision Making, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 3905, pp. 12-17.
43. Morse, E., Lewis, M., Olsen, K.A., 2000. Evaluating visualizations: using a taxonomic guide. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (5), 637-662.
44. Myung, I.J., Pitt, M.A., 1997. Applying Occam's razor in modeling cognition: a Bayesian approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4 (1), 79-95.
45. NetMap Computer Software, 2001. Netmap Analytics, LLC. Westerville, OH.
46. Nosofsky, R.M., 1986. Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115 (1), 39-57.
47. Purchase, H.C., 1998. Effects of graph layout. In: Proceedings of OZCHI 98, Adelaide, Australia. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 80-86.
48. Purchase, H.C., 2000. Effective information visualization: a study of graph drawing aesthetics and algorithms. Interacting with Computers 13 (2), 147-162.
49. Richards, W., Koenderink, J.J., 1995. Trajectory mapping: a new nonmetric scaling technique. Perception 24, 1315-1331.
50. Ritov, I., Gati, I., Tversky, A., 1990. Differential weighting of common and distinctive components. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 119 (1), 30-41.
51. Robert, C.P., 1994. The Bayesian Choice. Springer, New York.
52. Sanderson, P.M., Flach, J.M., Buttigieg, M.A., Casey, E.J., 1989. Object displays do not always support better integrated task performance. Human Factors 31 (2), 183-198.
53. Sattath, S., Tversky, A., 1977. Additive similarity trees. Psychometrika 42, 319-345.
54. Sattath, S., Tversky, A., 1987. On the relation between common and distinctive feature models. Psychological Review 94 (1), 16-22.
55. Shepard, R.N., 1957. Stimulus and response generalization: a stochastic model relating generalization to distance in psychological space. Psychometrika 22 (4), 325-345.
56. Shepard, R.N., 1980. Multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and clustering. Science 210, 390-398.
57. Shepard, R.N., 1987. Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237, 1317-1323.
58. Shepard, R.N., 1994. Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1 (1), 2-28.
59. Shepard, R.N., Arabie, P., 1979. Additive clustering representations of similarities as combinations of discrete overlapping properties. Psychological Review 86 (2), 87-123.
60. Shneiderman, B., 1998. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, 3rd Edition. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA.
61. Sibson, R., 1978. Studies in the robustness of multidimensional scaling: procrustes statistics. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 40 (2), 234-238.
62. Sivia, D.S., 1996. Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
63. Tenenbaum, J.B., de Silva, V., Langford, J.C., 2000. A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 290, 2319-2323.
64. Toit, S.H.C., Steyn, A.G.W., Stumf, R.H., 1986. Graphical Exploratory Data Analysis. Springer, New York.
65. Tractinsky, N., Katz, A.S., Ikar, D., 2000. What is beautiful is usable. Interacting with Computers 13 (2), 127-145.
66. Trafton, J.G., Kirschenbaum, S.S., Tsui, T.L., Miyamoto, R.T., Ballas, J.A., Raymond, P.D., 2000. Turning pictures into numbers: extracting and generating information from complex visualizations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (5), 827-850.
67. Tversky, A., 1977. Features of similarity. Psychological Review 84 (4), 327-352.
68. Tversky, A., Hutchinson, J.W., 1986. Nearest neighbor analysis of psychological spaces. Psychological Review 93 (1), 3-22.
69. Ware, C., 2000. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan Kauffman, San Mateo, CA.
70. Wasserman, S., Faust, K., 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, New York.
71. Wehrend, S., Lewis, C., 1990. A problem-oriented classification of visualization techniques. Proceedings of IEEE Visualization '90, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 139-143.
72. Westerman, S.J., Cribben, T., 2000. Mapping semantic information in virtual space: dimensions, variance and individual differences. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (5), 765-787.
73. Wise, J.A., 1999. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50 (13), 1224-1233.