Bedside Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Tests in Children With Fever Without Localizing Signs of Infection Seen in a Referral Center

Pediatrics

Volumn 112, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1054-1060

  Galetto Lacour, Annick ^b   Zamora, Samuel A ^b   Gervaix, Alain ^a  

^a Hopital des Enfants Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Bacterial infection; C reactive protein; Fever without source; Interleukin 6; Pediatrics; Pro calcitonin; Pyelonephritis

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; PROCALCITONIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMAN; INFANT; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALCITONIN; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTERLEUKIN-6; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD;

EID: 0242300672     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.112.5.1054     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Pantell RH, Naber M, Lamar R, Dias JK. Fever in the first six months of life: risk of underlying serious infection. Clin Pediatr. 1980;19:77-82
2. Wright PF, Thompson J, McKee KT, Vaughn WK, Sell SH, Karzon DT. Patterns of illness in the highly febrile young child: epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory correlates. Pediatrics. 1981;67:694-700
3. Krauss BS, Harakal T, Fleischer GR. The spectrum and frequency of illness presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1991;7:67-71
4. Karcz A, Korn R, Burke MC, et al. Malpractice claims against emergency physicians in Massachusetts: 1975-1993. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14: 341-345
5. Baraff LJ, Bass JW, Fleisher GR, et al. Practice guideline for the management of infants and children 0 to 36 months of age with fever without source. Pediatrics. 1993;92:1-12
6. Young PC. The management of febrile infants by primary-care pediatricians in Utah: comparison with published guidelines. Pediatrics. 1995; 95:623-627
7. Nazarin LF. Perspective: the office-based pediatric practice. In: The Febrile Infant and Occult Bacteremia. Report of the Nineteenth Ross Round-table on Critical Approaches to common Pediatric Problems. Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories; 1988:40-47
8. Kramer MS, Shapiro ED. Management of the young febrile child: a commentary on recent practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 1997;100:128-134
9. Slater M, Krug SE. Evaluation of the infant with fever without source: an evidence based approach. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1999;17:97-126
10. Strait RT, Kelly KJ, Kurup VP. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 levels in febrile, young children with and without occult bacteremia. Pediatrics. 1999;104:1321-1326
11. Messer J, Eyer D, Donato L, Gallati H, Matis J, Simeoni U. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor for early diagnosis of neonatal infection. J Pediatr. 1996;129:574-580
12. Pulliam PN, Attia MW, Cronan KM. C-reactive protein in febrile children 1 to 36 months of age with clinically undetectable serious bacterial infection. Pediatrics. 2001;108:1275-1279
13. Galetto-Lacour A, Gervaix A, Zamora SA, et al. Procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein as indicators of serious bacterial infections in children with fever without localising signs. Eur J Pediatr. 2001;160:95-100
14. Gendrel D, Raymond J, Coste J, et al. Comparison of procalcitonin with C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and interferon-alpha for differentiation of bacterial vs. viral infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:875-881
15. McCarthy PL, Sharpe MR, Spiesel SZ, et al. Observation scale to identify serious illness in febrile children. Pediatrics. 1982;70:802-809
16. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co; 1991:119-139
17. Mood AM, Graybill FA, Boes DC. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1974:181
18. Baraff LJ, Bass JW, Fleischer GR, Klein JO, McCracken GH, Powell KR. Commentary on practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 1997;100:134-135
19. Schriger DL. Clinical guidelines in the setting of incomplete evidence. Pediatrics. 1997;100:136
20. Alpern ER, Alessandrini EA, Bell LM, Shaw KN, McGowan KL. Occult bacteremia from a pediatric emergency department: current prevalence, time to detection, and outcome. Pediatrics. 2000;106:505-511
21. Klein JO. Management of the febrile child without a focus of infection in the era of universal pneumococcal immunization. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:584-592
22. Kuppermann N. Occult bacteremia in young febrile children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999;46:1073-1107
23. Krober MS, Bass JW, Powell JM, Smith FR, Seto DS. Bacterial and viral pathogen causing fever in infants less than 3 months old. Am J Dis Child. 1985;139:889-892
24. American Academy of Pediatrics. Practice parameter: the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children. Pediatrics. 1999;103:843-852
25. Smellie JM, Poulton A, Prescot NP. Retrospective study of children with renal scarring associated with reflux and urinary infection. BMJ. 1994; 308:1193-1196
26. Glauser MP, Lyons JM, Braude AI. Prevention of chronic experimental pyelonephritis by suppression of acute suppuration. J Clin Invest. 1978; 61:403-407
27. Baker MD, Bell LM, Avner JR. Outpatient management without antibiotics of fever in selected infants. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1437-1441
28. Barden LS, Dowell SF, Schwartz B, Lackey C. Current attitudes regarding use of antimicrobial agents. Clin Pediatr. 1998;37:665-672
29. Bauchner H, Pelton SI, Klein JO. Parents, physician and antibiotic use. Pediatrics. 1999;103:395-401
30. Pollard AJ, DeMunter C, Nadel S, Levin M. Abandoning antibiotics for febrile children. Lancet. 1997;350:811-812
31. Gervaix A, Galetto-Lacour A, Gueron T, et al. Usefulness or procalcitonin and C-reactive protein rapid test for the management of children with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:507-511
32. Fleischhack G, Kambeck I, Cipic D, Hasan C, Bode U. Procalcitonin in paediatric cancer patients: its diagnostic relevance is superior to that of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, soluble interleukin 2 receptor and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II. Br J Haematol. 2000;111:1093-1102
33. Hatherill M, Tibby SM, Sykes K, Turner C, Murdoch IA. Diagnostic markers of infection: comparison of procalcitonin with C reactive protein and leukocyte count. Arch Dis Child. 1999;81:417-421
34. Benador D, Benador N, Slosman DO, Nussle D, Mermillod B, Girardin E. Cortical scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal parenchymal changes in children with pyelonephritis. J Pediatr. 1994;124:17-20
35. Hoberman A, Wald ER, Hickey RW, et al. Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Pediatrics. 1999;104:79-86
36. Küster H, Weiss M, Willeiter AE, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation. Lancet. 1998;352:1271-1277
37. Gendrel, D Bohuon C. Procalcitonin as a marker of bacterial infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:679-688