메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 105-124

A profile of biotechnology and information technology venture firms in Japan: Firm-level and managerial characteristics

Author keywords

High technology; Japan; R D; Venture firms

Indexed keywords

DATA REDUCTION; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; PUBLIC POLICY; SURVEYS;

EID: 0142259827     PISSN: 09636048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2003.003605     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0142222949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological distance, spatial distance and sources of knowledge: Japanese 'new entrants' in 'new' biotechnology
    • R.A. Burgelman and H. Chesbrough (Eds.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam and Oxford, chapter 5
    • Lynskey, M.J. (2001) 'Technological distance, spatial distance and sources of knowledge: Japanese 'new entrants' in 'new' biotechnology', in R.A. Burgelman and H. Chesbrough (Eds.) Comparative Studies of Technological Evolution, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam and Oxford, chapter 5.
    • (2001) Comparative Studies of Technological Evolution
    • Lynskey, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 0031505983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and small firms in expanding markets
    • Reynolds, P.D. (1997) 'New and small firms in expanding markets', Small Business Economics, Vol. 9, pp.79-84.
    • (1997) Small Business Economics , vol.9 , pp. 79-84
    • Reynolds, P.D.1
  • 4
    • 0001315825 scopus 로고
    • Innovation, market structure, and firm size
    • Acs, Z.J. and Audretsch, D.B. (1987) 'Innovation, market structure, and firm size, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp.567-574.
    • (1987) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 567-574
    • Acs, Z.J.1    Audretsch, D.B.2
  • 5
    • 0003036477 scopus 로고
    • Formation, growth and survival: Small firm dynamics in the US economy
    • Phillips, B. and Kirchhoff, B.A. (1989) 'Formation, growth and survival: small firm dynamics in the US economy', Small Business Economics, Vol. 1, pp.65-74.
    • (1989) Small Business Economics , vol.1 , pp. 65-74
    • Phillips, B.1    Kirchhoff, B.A.2
  • 8
    • 0003982921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
    • OECD (2001) Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
    • (2001) Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard
  • 9
    • 0029505593 scopus 로고
    • Academic research underlying industrial innovations: Sources, characteristics, and financing
    • Mansfield, E. (1995) 'Academic research underlying industrial innovations: sources, characteristics, and financing', Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 77, pp.55-65.
    • (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.77 , pp. 55-65
    • Mansfield, E.1
  • 10
    • 1842462016 scopus 로고
    • American universities and technical advance in industry
    • Rosenberg, N. and Nelson, R.R. (1994) 'American universities and technical advance in industry', Research Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp.323-348.
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-348
    • Rosenberg, N.1    Nelson, R.R.2
  • 11
    • 1842514274 scopus 로고
    • On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities
    • Klevorick, A.K., Levin, R.C., Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S.G. (1995) 'On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities', Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp.185-205.
    • (1995) Research Policy , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-205
    • Klevorick, A.K.1    Levin, R.C.2    Nelson, R.R.3    Winter, S.G.4
  • 12
    • 0001257607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economics of science
    • Stephan, P. (1996) 'The economics of science', Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 34, pp.1199-1235.
    • (1996) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.34 , pp. 1199-1235
    • Stephan, P.1
  • 13
    • 0001459704 scopus 로고
    • Real effects of academic research
    • Jaffe, A. (1989) 'Real effects of academic research', American Economic Review, Vol. 79, pp.957-970.
    • (1989) American Economic Review , vol.79 , pp. 957-970
    • Jaffe, A.1
  • 14
    • 0347254613 scopus 로고
    • Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: They think they can
    • Feller, I. (1990) 'Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: they think they can', Research Policy, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.335-348.
    • (1990) Research Policy , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-348
    • Feller, I.1
  • 16
    • 0031675308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universities as research joint venture partners: Does size of the venture matter?
    • Baldwin, W.L. and Link, A.N. (1998) 'Universities as research joint venture partners: does size of the venture matter?' International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15, No. 8, pp.895-913.
    • (1998) International Journal of Technology Management , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 895-913
    • Baldwin, W.L.1    Link, A.N.2
  • 18
    • 0002034724 scopus 로고
    • Academic research and industrial innovation
    • Mansfield, E. (1991) 'Academic research and industrial innovation', Research Policy, Vol. 20, pp.1-12.
    • (1991) Research Policy , vol.20 , pp. 1-12
    • Mansfield, E.1
  • 19
    • 0001113712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutions supporting technical advance in industry
    • Nelson, R.R. (1996) 'Institutions supporting technical advance in industry', American Economic Review, Vol. 76, pp.186-189.
    • (1996) American Economic Review , vol.76 , pp. 186-189
    • Nelson, R.R.1
  • 20
    • 0001044726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social shaping of the national science base
    • Pavitt, K. (1998) 'The social shaping of the national science base', Research Policy, Vol. 27, No. 8, pp.793-805.
    • (1998) Research Policy , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 793-805
    • Pavitt, K.1
  • 21
    • 0003059551 scopus 로고
    • Changing perspectives on the firm size problem
    • Z.J. Acs and D.B. Audretsch (Eds.), Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York
    • Scherer, F.M. (1991) 'Changing perspectives on the firm size problem', in Z.J. Acs and D.B. Audretsch (Eds.) Innovation and Technological Change: An International Comparison, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York, pp.24-38.
    • (1991) Innovation and Technological Change: An International Comparison , pp. 24-38
    • Scherer, F.M.1
  • 23
    • 0030319671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firm size and the nature of innovation within industries: The case of process and product R&D
    • Cohen, W.M. and Klepper, S. (1996) 'Firm size and the nature of innovation within industries: the case of process and product R&D', Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 78, pp.232-243.
    • (1996) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.78 , pp. 232-243
    • Cohen, W.M.1    Klepper, S.2
  • 24
    • 0030737077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating industry - University research linkages
    • Burnham, J.B. (1997) 'Evaluating industry - university research linkages', Research Technology Management, Vol. 40, pp.52-55.
    • (1997) Research Technology Management , vol.40 , pp. 52-55
    • Burnham, J.B.1
  • 25
    • 0142160939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing technological opportunity via Japan's star scientists: Evidence from Japanese firms' biotech patents and products
    • Zucker, L.G., and Darby, M.R. (1998) 'Capturing technological opportunity via Japan's star scientists: evidence from Japanese firms' biotech patents and products', National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 6360.
    • (1998) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 6360
    • Zucker, L.G.1    Darby, M.R.2
  • 27
    • 0028073701 scopus 로고
    • Japan's universities' need to strengthen links to industry
    • October
    • Swinbanks, D. (1994) 'Japan's universities' need to strengthen links to industry", Nature, October, Vol. 371, No. 73, p.27.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , Issue.73 , pp. 27
    • Swinbanks, D.1
  • 29
    • 0142160938 scopus 로고
    • Institutional mechanisms governing university-industry research cooperation in Japan
    • paper presented, 18-20 March, Stanford University, USA
    • Hicks, D. (1994) 'Institutional mechanisms governing university-industry research cooperation in Japan', paper presented at the conference entitled: University Goals, Institutional Mechanisms and 'Industrial Transferability' of Research, 18-20 March, Stanford University, USA.
    • (1994) University Goals, Institutional Mechanisms and 'Industrial Transferability' of Research
    • Hicks, D.1
  • 30
    • 33846158716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lausanne, Switzerland: International Institute of Management Development (IMD). Japan ranked last, in 49th position, in terms of the criterion of university education meeting the needs of a competitive economy. Japan ranked 26th out of 49 countries in the overall world competitiveness scoreboard
    • IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (2001), Lausanne, Switzerland: International Institute of Management Development (IMD). Japan ranked last, in 49th position, in terms of the criterion of university education meeting the needs of a competitive economy. Japan ranked 26th out of 49 countries in the overall world competitiveness scoreboard.
    • IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (2001)
  • 31
    • 0030306449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-organizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology
    • Powell, W.W., Koput, K.W. and Smith-Doerr, L. (1996) 'Inter-organizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology', Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41, pp.116-145.
    • (1996) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 116-145
    • Powell, W.W.1    Koput, K.W.2    Smith-Doerr, L.3
  • 33
    • 0030505108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospering in dynamically competitive environments: Organizational capability as knowledge integration
    • Grant, R. (1996) 'Prospering in dynamically competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration', Organization Science, Vol. 7, pp.375-387.
    • (1996) Organization Science , vol.7 , pp. 375-387
    • Grant, R.1
  • 34
    • 84887622727 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology
    • Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992) 'Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology', Organization Science, Vol. 3, pp.383-397.
    • (1992) Organization Science , vol.3 , pp. 383-397
    • Kogut, B.1    Zander, U.2
  • 35
    • 0032727619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transfer of resources and competencies for developing technological capabilities: The case of Fujitsu-ICL
    • Lynskey, M.J. (1999) 'The transfer of resources and competencies for developing technological capabilities: the case of Fujitsu-ICL', Technological Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 11, No. 3, pp.317-336.
    • (1999) Technological Analysis and Strategic Management , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-336
    • Lynskey, M.J.1
  • 36
    • 0030523428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing organizational modes of strategic technology partnering: International and sectoral differences
    • Hagedoorn, J. and Narula, R. (1996) 'Choosing organizational modes of strategic technology partnering: international and sectoral differences', Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.265-284.
    • (1996) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-284
    • Hagedoorn, J.1    Narula, R.2
  • 38
    • 84936166194 scopus 로고
    • Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation
    • Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D.A. (1990) 'Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation', Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, pp.128-152.
    • (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 128-152
    • Cohen, W.1    Levinthal, D.A.2
  • 39
    • 38249033875 scopus 로고
    • An economic analysis of cooperative research
    • Link, A.N. and Bauer, L.L. (1987) 'An economic analysis of cooperative research', Technovation, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.247-260.
    • (1987) Technovation , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 247-260
    • Link, A.N.1    Bauer, L.L.2
  • 40
    • 0001577389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental research joint ventures among manufacturers
    • Scott, J.T. (1996) 'Environmental research joint ventures among manufacturers', Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 11, pp.655-679.
    • (1996) Review of Industrial Organization , vol.11 , pp. 655-679
    • Scott, J.T.1
  • 41
    • 26444553423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The U.S. display consortium: An analysis of a public/private partnership
    • Link, A.N. (1998) 'The U.S. display consortium: an analysis of a public/private partnership', Industry and Innovation, Vol. 5, pp.35-50.
    • (1998) Industry and Innovation , vol.5 , pp. 35-50
    • Link, A.N.1
  • 42
    • 38549086633 scopus 로고
    • Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy
    • Teece, D.J. (1989) 'Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy', Research Policy, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp.285-305.
    • (1989) Research Policy , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 285-305
    • Teece, D.J.1
  • 43
    • 0142191875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Figures derived from the Survey of Creative Business Activities of Small and Medium Companies, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, Tokyo, Japan, 1999.
  • 44
    • 0142222948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Japanese banks' non-performing loans are estimated at between $600 billion and $1.3 trillion.
  • 46
    • 0042907379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Softbank: An intemet keiretsu and its leveraging of information asymmetries
    • Lynskey, M.J. and Yonekura, S. (2001) 'Softbank: an intemet keiretsu and its leveraging of information asymmetries', European Management Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.1-15.
    • (2001) European Management Journal , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Lynskey, M.J.1    Yonekura, S.2
  • 47
    • 0142191871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing catalysts of change: Evolution and institutional differences in the venture capital industries in the U.S., Japan and Germany
    • R.A. Burgelman and H. Chesbrough (Eds.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam and Oxford, chapter 7
    • Kuemmerle, W. (2001) 'Comparing catalysts of change: evolution and institutional differences in the venture capital industries in the U.S., Japan and Germany', in R.A. Burgelman and H. Chesbrough (Eds.) Comparative Studies of Technological Evolution, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam and Oxford, chapter 7.
    • (2001) Comparative Studies of Technological Evolution
    • Kuemmerle, W.1
  • 49
    • 0003315993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relational financing as an institution and its viability under competition
    • M. Aoki and G.R. Saxonhouse (Eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Aoki, M. and Dinç, S. (2000) 'Relational financing as an institution and its viability under competition', in M. Aoki and G.R. Saxonhouse (Eds.) Finance, Governance, and Competitiveness in Japan, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2000) Finance, Governance, and Competitiveness in Japan
    • Aoki, M.1    Dinç, S.2
  • 50
    • 0142191874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of the new Japanese dream
    • February
    • 'In search of the new Japanese dream', The Economist, 19 February 2000.
    • (2000) The Economist , vol.19
  • 51
    • 2942599544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jafco American Ventures, Inc: Building a venture capital firm'
    • Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA
    • Kuemmerle, W. (1999) 'Jafco American Ventures, Inc: building a venture capital firm', Case No: 9-899-099, Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA.
    • (1999) Case No: 9-899-099
    • Kuemmerle, W.1
  • 56
    • 0008497557 scopus 로고
    • The role of Japan-based R&D in global technology strategy
    • M. Horwich (Ed.), Pergamon, London
    • Westney, D.E. and Sakakibara, K. (1986) 'The role of Japan-based R&D in global technology strategy', in M. Horwich (Ed.), Technology in the Modern Corporation, Pergamon, London.
    • (1986) Technology in the Modern Corporation
    • Westney, D.E.1    Sakakibara, K.2
  • 57
    • 0039562225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor market structures in Japan: An analysis of organizational and occupational mobility patterns
    • Cheng, M.M. and Kallenberg, A.L. (1996) 'Labor market structures in Japan: an analysis of organizational and occupational mobility patterns', Social Forces, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp.1235-1260.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 1235-1260
    • Cheng, M.M.1    Kallenberg, A.L.2
  • 58
    • 0142191872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source: The Japan Institute of Labour
    • Source: The Japan Institute of Labour.
  • 59
    • 0142222946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nikkei Business Publications, Tokyo
    • Nikkei Bio96, Nikkei Business Publications, Tokyo.
    • Nikkei Bio96
  • 61
    • 0142254085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • According to interviews conducted by the author in Japan with numerous biotechnology start-up firms, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Japan Bioindustry Association and the Bio Center at Nikkei Business Publications.
  • 62
    • 0142191873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. That is, it enables one to judge the difference between their means relative to the spread or variability of their scores. The t-value will be positive if the first mean is larger than the second, and negative if it is smaller.
  • 63
    • 85011144691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business angels in Japan
    • Tashiro, Y. (1999) 'Business angels in Japan', Venture Capital, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp.259-273.
    • (1999) Venture Capital , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-273
    • Tashiro, Y.1
  • 64
    • 85011249809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan's 'credit crunch' and its consequences for venture finance
    • Nishizawa, A. (1999) 'Japan's 'credit crunch' and its consequences for venture finance', Venture Capital, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp.275-284.
    • (1999) Venture Capital , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-284
    • Nishizawa, A.1
  • 65
    • 0037239064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese entrepreneurs and their firms: Survey results
    • Sakakibara, K. (2003) 'Japanese entrepreneurs and their firms: survey results', International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 25, No. 6/7, pp.531-537.
    • (2003) International Journal of Technology Management , vol.25 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 531-537
    • Sakakibara, K.1
  • 66
    • 0037376351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who succeeds as an entrepreneur? An analysis of the post-entry performance of new firms in Japan
    • Harada, N. (2003) 'Who succeeds as an entrepreneur? An analysis of the post-entry performance of new firms in Japan', Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.211-222.
    • (2003) Japan and the World Economy , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-222
    • Harada, N.1
  • 67
    • 0142222944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Internet website
    • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Internet website.
  • 68
    • 0142254086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nothing ventured, nothing gained: Sustaining entrepreneurship in Japan
    • M.J. Atwater and I. Fujimatsu (Eds.), The Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs, Washington, DC
    • Lynskey, M.J. and Yonekura, S. (2003) 'Nothing ventured, nothing gained: sustaining entrepreneurship in Japan', in M.J. Atwater and I. Fujimatsu (Eds.) Entrepreneurship in Asia: Playbook for Prosperity, The Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs, Washington, DC.
    • (2003) Entrepreneurship in Asia: Playbook for Prosperity
    • Lynskey, M.J.1    Yonekura, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.