Management implications of the ecology of free-roaming horses in semi-arid ecosystems of the western United States

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 887-895

  Beever, Erik ^a  

^a FOREST AND RANGELAND ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bos taurus; Equus caballus; Life history traits; Management; Semi arid ecosystems

Indexed keywords

FERAL ORGANISM; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; SEMIARID REGION; UNGULATE; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

UNITED STATES;

ARTIODACTYLA; BOS TAURUS; EQUIDAE; EQUUS; EQUUS CABALLUS; UNGULATA;

EID: 0142247107     PISSN: 00917648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. ANONYMOUS. 1997. The 10th and 11th report to Congress on the administration of the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burro Act for fiscal years 1992-1995. Co-sponsored by the United States Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management and the United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
2. BAILEY, J. A. 1984. Principles of wildlife management. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, USA.
3. BAMA, L. 1998. Wild horses: do they belong in the West? High Country News 30(4): 1, 8-12.
4. BEEBE, B. F., AND J. R. JOHNSON. 1964. American wild horses. David McKay, New York, New York, USA.
5. BEEVER, E. A. 1999. Species- and community-level responses to disturbance imposed by feral horse grazing and other management practices. Dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
6. BEEVER, E. A., AND P. F. BRUSSARD. 2000. Charismatic megafauna or exotic pest? Interactions between popular perceptions of feral horses (Equus caballus) and their management and research. Pages 413-418 in T. P. Salmon and A. C. Crabb, editors. Proceedings of the 19th International Vertebrate Pest Conference, University of California, Davis, USA
7. BEEVER, E. A., R. J. TAUSCH, AND P. F. BRUSSARD. 2003. Characterizing disturbance in semiarid ecosystems across broad spatial scales using multiple indices. Ecological Applications 13: 119-136.
8. BELLISLE, M. 1997. Battle brewing over Nevada's mustangs. Reno Gazette-Journal, 9 Feb 1997.
9. BERGER, J. 1977. Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2: 131-146.
10. BERGER, J. 1985. Interspecific interactions and dominance among wild Great Basin ungulates. Journal of Mammalogy 66: 571-573.
11. BERGER, J. 1986. Wild horses of the Great Basin: social competition and population size. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
12. BOWLING, A. T. 1994. Population genetics of Great Basin feral horses. Animal Genetics 25 (Supplement 1): 67-74.
13. BOWLING, A. T., AND R. W. TOUCHBERRY. 1990. Parentage of Great Basin feral horses. Journal of Wildlife Management 54: 424-429.
14. BOYLES, J. S. 1986. Managing America's wild horses and burros. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 6: 261-265.
15. COATES, K. P., AND S. D. SCHEMNITZ. 1994. Habitat use and behavior of male mountain sheep in foraging associations with wild horses. Great Basin Naturalist 54: 86-90.
16. CRANE, K. K., M. A. SMITH, AND D. REYNOLDS. 1997. Habitat selection patterns of feral horses in southcentral Wyoming. Journal of Range Management 50: 374-380.
17. EBERHARDT, L., A. MAJOROWICZ, AND J. WILCOX. 1982. Apparent rates of increase for two feral horse herds. Journal of Wildlife Management 46: 367-374.
18. FAHNESTOCK, J. T. 1998. Vegetation responses to herbivory and resource supplementation in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
19. FAHNESTOCK, J. T., AND J. K. DETLING. 1999. Plant responses to defoliation and resource supplementation in the Pryor Mountains. Journal of Range Management 52: 263-270.
20. FEH, C., T. BOLDSUKH, AND C. TOURENQ. 1994. Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie). Revue d'Ecologie; la Terre et la Vie 49: 11-20.
21. FEIST, J. D. 1971. Behavior of feral horses in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
22. FEIST, J. D, AND D. R. MCCULLOUGH. 1975. Reproduction in feral horses. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 23: 13-18.
23. FRADKIN, P. L. 1989. Sagebrush country: land and the American West. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA.
24. GANSKOPP, D., AND M. VAVRA. 1986. Habitat use by feral horses in the northern sagebrush steppe. Journal of Range Management 39: 207-212.
25. GANSKOPP, D., AND M. VAVRA. 1987. Slope use by cattle, feral horses, deer, and bighorn sheep. Northwest Science 61: 74-81.
26. GARROTT, R. A., T. C. EAGLE, AND E. D. PLOTKA. 1991. Age-specific reproduction in feral horses. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 738-743.
27. GOODLOE, R. B., R. J. WARREN, E. G. COTHRAN, S. P. BRATTON, AND K. A. TREMBICKI. 1991. Genetic variation and its management applications in eastern U.S. feral horses. Journal of Wildlife Management 55: 412-421.
28. GRAYSON, K. D. 1993. The desert's past: a natural history of the Great Basin. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
29. GREEN, N. F., AND H. D. GREEN. 1977. The wild horse population of Stone Cabin Valley, Nevada: a preliminary report. Pages 59-65 in J. L. Artz, Forum Chairman. Proceedings: National Wild Horse Forum, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
30. GROSS, J. E. 2000. A dynamic simulation model for evaluating effects of removal and contraception on genetic variation and demography of Pryor Mountain wild horses. Biological Conservation 96: 319-330.
31. HAFEZ, E. S. E., M. WILLIAMS, AND S. WIERZBOWSKI. 1969. The behaviour of horses. Pages 391-416 in E. S. E Hafez, editor. The behaviour of domestic animals. Baliere, Tindall and Cassell, London, England.
32. HAMMOND WORLD ATLAS CORPORATION. 2000. Hammond citation world atlas. Union, New Jersey, USA.
33. HANLEY, T. A. 1982. The nutritional basis for food selection by ungulates. Journal of Range Management 35: 46-151.
34. HANLEY, T. A., AND K. A. HANLEY. 1982. Food resource partitioning by sympatric ungulates on Great Basin rangeland. Journal of Range Management 35: 152-158.
35. HANSEN, R. M. 1976. Foods of free-roaming horses in southern New Mexico. Journal of Range Management 29: 347.
36. HUBBARD, R., AND R. HANSEN. 1976. Diets of wild horses, cattle, and mule deer in the Piceance Basin, Colorado. Journal of Range Management 29: 389-392.
37. JANIS, C. 1976. The evolutionary strategy of the Equidae and the origins of rumen and cecal digestion. Evolution 30: 757-774.
38. KAUFFMAN, J. B., AND W. C. KRUEGER. 1984. Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamside management implications...a review. Journal of Range Management 37: 430-438.
39. KEIPER, R. R., AND J. BERGER. 1982. Refuge-seeking and pest avoidance by feral horses in desert and island environments. Applied Animal Ethology 9: 111-120.
40. KLINGEL, H. 1972. Social behaviour of African Equidae. Zoological Africa 7: 175-185.
41. KRYSL, L. J., M. E. HUBBERT, B. F. SOWELL, G. E. PLUMB, T. K. JEWETT, M. A. SMITH, AND J. W. WAGGONER. 1984. Horses and cattle grazing in the Wyoming Red Desert, 1. Food habits and dietary overlap. Journal of Range Management 37: 72-76.
42. LAYCOCK, W. A. 1991. Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands: a viewpoint. Journal of Range Management 44: 427-433.
43. LEVIN, P. S., J. ELLIS, R. PETRIK, AND M. E. HAY. 2002. Indirect effects of feral horses on estuarine communities. Conservation Biology 16: 1364-1371.
44. LINKLATER, W. L., K. J. STAFFORD, E. O. MINOT, AND E. Z. CAMERON. 2002. Researching feral horse ecology and behavior: turning political debate into opportunity. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30: 644-650.
45. MACK, R. N., AND J. N. THOMPSON. 1982. Evolution in steppe with few large hooved mammals. American Naturalist 119: 757-773.
46. MARTIN, P. S. 1984. Prehistoric overkill: the global model. Pages 354-403 in P.S. Martin and R.G. Klein, editors. Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA.
47. MARTIN, P. S, AND R. G. KLEIN, editors. 1984. Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA.
48. MCINNIS, M. L., AND M. VAVRA. 1987. Dietary relationships among feral horses, cattle, and pronghorn in southeastern Oregon. Journal of Range Management 40: 60-66.
49. MEEKER, J. O. 1979. Interactions between pronghorn antelope and feral horses in northwestern Nevada. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
50. MENARD, C., P. DUNCAN, G. FLEURANCE, J. GEORGES, AND M. LILA. 2002. Comparative foraging and nutrition of horses and cattle in European wetlands. Journal of Applied Ecology 39: 120-133.
51. MILCHUNAS, D. G., O. E. SALA, AND W. K. LAUENROTH. 1988. A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure. American Naturalist 132: 87-106.
52. MILLER, R. 1980. The ecology of feral horses in Wyoming's Red Desert. Dissertation, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA.
53. ÖDBERG, F. O., AND K. FRANCIS-SMITH. 1977. Studies on the formation of ungrazed eliminative areas in fields used by horses. Applied Animal Ethology 3: 27-34.
54. OLSEN, F., AND R. M. HANSEN. 1977. Food relations of wild free-roaming horses to livestock and big game, Red Desert, Wyoming. Journal of Range Management 30: 17-20.
55. PELLEGRINI, S. W. 1971. Home range, territoriality and movement patterns of wild horses in the Wassuk Range of western Nevada. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
56. PETERSON, J. 1999. Ungulate/vegetation dynamics in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
57. POWELL, D. M., AND S. L. MONFORT. 2001. Assessment: effects of Porzine Zona Pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception on estrous cyclicity in feral horses. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 4: 271-284.
58. REINER, R. J., AND P. J. URNESS. 1982. Effect of grazing horses managed as manipulators of big game winter range. Journal of Range Management 35: 567-571.
59. RYDEN, H. 1978. America's last wild horses. E. P. Dutton, New York, New York, USA.
60. SEAL, U. S., AND E. D. PLOTKA. 1983. Age-specific pregnancy rates in feral horses. Journal of Wildlife Management 47: 422-429.
61. SIMPSON, G. G. 1951. Horses: the story of the horse family in the Modern world and through sixty million years of history. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
62. SYMANSKI, R. 1994. Contested realities: feral horses in outback Australia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84: 251-269.
63. THOMAS, H. S. 1979. The wild horse controversy. A. S. Barnes, New York, New York, USA.
64. TURNER, J. W., I. K. M. LIU, A. T. RUTBERG, AND J. F. KIRKPATRICK. 1997. Immunocontraception limits foal production in free-roaming feral horses in Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 873-880.
65. TURNER, J. W. JR., M. L. WOLFE, AND J. F. KIRKPATRICK. 1992. Seasonal mountain lion predation on a feral horse population. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 929-934.
66. VAN DIERENDONCK, M. C., AND M. F. WALLIS DE VRIES. 1996. Ungulate reintroductions: experiences with the takhi or Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) in Mongolia. Conservation Biology 10: 728-740.
67. WAGNER, F. H. 1983. Status of wild horse and burro management on public rangelands. Pages 116-133 in Transactions of the Forty-eighth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
68. WAGNER, F. H., G. L. ACHTERMAN, J. L. ARTZ, F. J. AYALA, W. H. BLACKBURN, W. H. CONLEY, L. L. EBERHARDT, S. K. FAIRFAX, W. E. JOHNSTON, S. R. KELLERT, J. C. MALECHEK, P. D. MOEHLMAN, U. S. SEAL, AND J. W. SWAN. 1980. Wild and free-roaming horses and burros: current knowledge and recommended research. Phase I Final Report of the Committee on Wild and free-roaming horses and burros, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
69. WAGNER, F. H., G. L. ACHTERMAN, J. L. ARTZ, F. J. AYALA, W. H. BLACKBURN, W. H. CONLEY, L. L. EBERHARDT, S. K. FAIRFAX, W. E. JOHNSTON, S. R. KELLERT, J. C. MALECHEK, P. D. MOEHLMAN, U. S. SEAL, AND J. W. SWAN. 1982. Wild and free-roaming horses and burros: final report. Committee on Wild and free-roaming horses and burros, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
70. WELSH, D. A. 1975. Population, behavioral and grazing ecology of the horses of Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Dissertation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
71. WOLFE, M. L., JR. 1980. Feral horse demography: a preliminary report. Journal of Range Management 33: 354-360.
72. ZARN, M., T. HELLER, AND K. COLLINS. 1977. Wild, free-roaming horses - status and present knowledge. Bureau of Land Management Technical Note 294, United States Department of the Interior, and United States Department of Agriculture-U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.