The effects of geogrid reinforcement on unbound aggregates

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 355-380

  Raymond, Gerald ^a   Ismail, Issa ^b  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aggregrate; Ballast; Footings; Geogrid reinforcement; Granular soil; Pavement support; Reinforced soil; Repeated loading; Track support

Indexed keywords

CONSTRUCTION; LOADING; MOTOR TRANSPORTATION; REINFORCEMENT;

GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT;

AGGREGATES;

AGGREGATE; BASE COURSE; CONSTRUCTION METHOD; GEOSYNTHETICS; OPTIMIZATION; SOIL REINFORCEMENT;

CIVIL ENGINEERING; GEOSYNTHETICS; REINFORCEMENT;

EID: 0142244907     PISSN: 02661144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00044-X     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abdel-Baki, S.M., Raymond, G.P., 1994a. Soil reinforcement for shallow foundations. Proceedings of the Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Cairo University. Egypt, January, pp. 100-107.
2. Abdel-Baki, S.M., Raymond, G.P., 1994b. Reduction of settlements using soil reinforcement. In: Yeung, A.T., Felio G, Y. (Eds.), Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments, Vol. 1. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 40, American Society of Civil Engineers, College Station, TX, USA, pp. 525-537.
3. Abdel-Baki, M.S., Raymond, G.P., 1994c. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil slabs. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Vol. 1, Singapore, pp. 317-320.
4. Abdel-Baki, S., Raymond, G.P., Johnson, P., 1993. Footing bearing capacity improvement from single reinforcement. Geosynthetics '93, Vol. 1. North American Geosynthetics Society. St. Paul, MN, 30 March-1 April 1993, pp. 407-416.
5. Adams, M.T., Collin, J.C., 1997. Large model spread footing tests on geosynthetic reinforced soil foundations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvirommental Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers 123, 66-72.
6. Akinmusuru, J.O., Akinbolade, J.A., 1981. Stability of loaded footings on reinforced soil. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 107 (GT6), 819-827.
7. Binquet, J., Lee, L.K., 1975a. Bearing capacity tests on reinforced earth slabs. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 101, 1241-1255.
8. Binquet, J., Lee, L.K., 1975b. Bearing capacity analysis on reinforced earth slabs. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 101, 1257-1276.
9. Bowles, J.E., 1982. Foundation Analysis and Design. McGraw-Hill, New York.
10. Brown, S.F., 1974. Repeated loading testing of a granular material. Journal of the Geotechnical Division. American Society of Civil Engineers 100 (GT-7), 825-841.
11. Burd, H.J., Brocklehurst, C.J., 1990. Finite element studies of the mechanics of reinforced unpaved roads. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Vol. 1, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 217 221.
12. Das, B.M., 1989. Foundation on sand underlain by soft clay with geotextile at sand clay interface. Proceedings of the Geosynthetics 1989, Vol. 1, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 203-214.
13. Dembicki, E., Jermolowicz, P., Niemunis, A., 1986. Bearing capacity of strip foundation on soft soil reinforced by geotextile. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Geotextiles, Vol. 2, Vienna, Austria, pp. 205-209.
14. Duncan, J.M., Chang, C.Y., 1970. Non-linear analysis of stress and strain in soils. Journal of the Geotechnical Division American Society of Civil Engineers 103 (SM-5), 1629-1653.
15. Duncan, J.M., Byrne, P., Wong, K., Mabry, P., 1980. Strength, stress-strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stresses and movements of masses. Report presented to the Department of Civil Engineering, California, Berkley.
16. El-Hakim, A., 1983. Repeated loading of footings on sand layer overlying bases of different compressible. Ph.D. Thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada.
17. El-Hakim, A., Raymond, G.P., 1982. Repeated loading of footings on sand overlying compressible bases. Symposium on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Delft, pp. 597 602.
18. Elvidge, C., Raymond, G.P., 2001a. Length of single reinforcement in foundations to maximize bearing capacity. Proceedings of the Geosynthetics 2001, Portland, OR, pp. 781-793.
19. Elvidge, C., Raymond, G.P., 2001b. Maximized bearing capacity from a single geosynthetic reinforcement layer. Proceedings of the Fifty-Fourth Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Calgary, Alta., pp. 475-480.
20. Guido, V.A., Chank, D.K., Sweeney, M.A., 1986. Comparison of geogrids and geotextiles reinforced earth slabs. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, 435-440.
21. Hird, C.C., Pyrah, I.C., Russell, D., 1990. Finite element analysis of the collapse of reinforced embankments on soft ground. Geotechnique 40 (4), 633-640.
22. Ismail, I., Raymond, G.P., 1994. Effect of reinforcement on layered soils. The Multidisciplinary Nature of Geotechnique, Proceedings of the Forty-Seventh Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Halifax, NS, Canada, September, pp. 633-642.
23. Ismail, I., Raymond, G.P., 1995a. Influence of geosynthetic reinforcement on granular soils. Mechanically Stabilized Backfill and Properties of Geosynthetics and Geocomposites, Transportation Research Record No. 1474, Transportation Research Board, US National Research Council, pp. 96-101.
24. Ismail, I., Raymond, G.P., 1995b. Geosynthetic reinforcement of granular layered soil. Geosynthetics '95, Vol. 1, Nashville, TN. North American Geosynthetics Society, St. Paul, MN, pp. 317-330.
25. Ismail, I., Raymond, G.P., 1995c. Geosynthetic reinforcement of unbound aggregate. Unbound Aggregates in Roads, Proceedings of the UNBAR4, Nottingham, UK, pp. 105-114.
26. Ismail, I., Raymond, G.P., 2001. Effect of double reinforcement, lengths and footing widths on geosynthetic layered soil deposits. Geosynthetics 2001, Portland, OR, pp. 359-373.
27. Janbu, N., 1963. Soil compressibility as determined by oedometer and triaxial tests. Proceedings European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Germany, pp. 19-25.
28. Kinney, T., 1982. Small scale load tests on a soil geotextile aggregate system. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geotextiles, Vol. 2, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 404-409.
29. Konder, R.L., 1963. Hyperbolic stress-strain response of cohesive soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division American Society of Civil Engineering 89 (SMI), 115-132.
30. Leps, R.M., 1970. Review of shearing strength of rockfill. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division American Society of Civil Engineers 96, 1159-1170.
31. Mandel, J., Salencon, J., 1972. Force Portante d'un sol sur unsassise rigide (etude theorique). Geotechnique 22, 79-93.
32. Milligan, G.W.E., Love, J.P., 1984. Model testing of geogrids under aggregate layer on soft ground. Proceedings of the Symposium on Polymer Grid Reinforcement, Thomas Telford, London, pp. 128-138.
33. Milligan, G.W.E., Fanin, J., Farrar, D.M., 1986. Model and full-scale tests of granular layers reinforced with a geotextile. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Geotextiles, Vol. 1, Vienna, Austria, pp. 61-66.
34. Omar, M.T., Das, B.M., Puri, V.K., Yen, S.C., 1993. Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on sand with geogrid reinforcement. Canada Geotechnical Journal 30, 545-549.
35. Pfeifile, T.W., Das, B.M., 1979. Model tests for bearing capacity in sands. Journal of the Geotechnical Division American Society of Civil Engineering 105, 1112-1116.
36. Poran, C.J., Herrmann, L.R., Romstad, K.M., 1989. Finite element analysis of footings on geogrid-reinforeed soil. Proceedings of Geosynthetics '89 Conference, Vol. 1, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 231-242.
37. Raymond, G.P., 1972. Prediction of undrained deformations and pore pressures in weak clay under two embankments. Geotechnique 22, 381-401.
38. Raymond, G.P., 1992a. Numerical geomechanics model for rail track structures. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, Vol. 2, 25-28 August 1992, Swansea, Wales, UK, pp. 931-940.
39. Raymond, G.P., 1992b. Reinforced sand behaviour overlying compressible subgrades. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers 118, 1663-1680.
40. Raymond, G.P., 1997. Improvement/reinforcement of a ballasted track. Proceedings XlVth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, Hamburg, pp. 1777-1780.
41. Raymond, G.P., 2000. Track and support rehabilitation for a mine company railroad. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, 318-332.
42. Raymond, G.P., 2001. Failure/reconstruction of a gantry crane ballasted track. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, 507-529.
43. Raymond, G.P., 2002. Reinforced ballast behaviour subject to repeated load. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20, 39-61.
44. Raymond, G.P., Hayden, F.B., 1983. Effect of reinforcement on sand overlying bases of different compressibilities subjected to repeated loading. Report No 79, Civil Engineering Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada.
45. Raymond, G.P., Bathurst, R.J., Jarrett, P.M., Hawrysh, T.A., 1995. Large scale testing of TENSAR geogrid reinforced railway ballast. Draft Report for the Tensar Corporation, unpublished.
46. Raymond, G.P., Abdel-Baki, M.S.A., Karpurapu, R.G., Bathurst, R.J., 1992. Reinforced granular soil for track support. Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, Vol. 2, Geotechnical Specialty Publication No. 30, New Orleans, February 25-28. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1104-1115.
47. Suklje, L., Vidmar, M., 1973. Critical loads depending on layer thickness. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1.3, Moscow, USSR, pp. 253-258.
48. Walls, J.C., Galbreath, L.L., 1987. Railroad ballast reinforcement using geogrids. Proceedings of the Geosynthetics '87, Vol. 1. New Orleans, LA. North American Geosynthetics Society, St. Paul, MN, pp. 38-45.
49. Walters, D.L., Raymond G.P., 1999a. Monotonic loading of geogrid-reinforced finite depth granular material. Geosynthetics '99, Vol. 1, Boston, MA. North American Geosynthetics Society, St. Paul, MN, pp. 265-278.
50. Walters, D.L., Raymond, G.P., 1999b. Repeated loading of reinforced finite depth granular material. Geosynthetics '99, Vol. 2, Boston, MA. North American Geosynthetics Society, St. Paul, MN, pp. 697-670.
51. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Humpheson, C., Lewis, R.W., 1975. Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics. Geotechnique 25, 671-689.