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Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 272-299

Daniel Sennert on matter and form: At the juncture of the old and the new

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EID: 0142233195     PISSN: 13837427     EISSN: 15733823     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157338297X00159     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (69)
  • 1
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    • Wittenberg
    • For discussion of Sennert's life, see A. Buchner, Panegyricus... (Wittenberg, 1638);
    • (1638) Panegyricus
    • Buchner, A.1
  • 3
    • 33744847860 scopus 로고
    • Sennert
    • Ch. C. Gillispie, New York
    • H. Kangro, "Sennert", ed. Ch. C. Gillispie, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, (New York, 1975), 12:310-313.
    • (1975) Dictionary of Scientific Biography , vol.12 , pp. 310-313
    • Kangro, H.1
  • 5
    • 84873640193 scopus 로고
    • Wittenberg, 1631, 1634; Lyons, 1645; Amsterdam, 1644, 1655; Wittenberg
    • Epitome Institutionum Medicinae (Wittenberg, 1631, 1634; Lyons, 1645; Amsterdam, 1644, 1655; Wittenberg, 1664);
    • (1664) Epitome Institutionum Medicinae
  • 6
    • 0013665827 scopus 로고
    • Wittenberg, 1611, 1620, 1628; Paris, 1631; Wittenberg, 1633; Paris, 1637; Wittenberg 1646
    • Institutionum Medicinae libri V (Wittenberg, 1611, 1620, 1628; Paris, 1631; Wittenberg, 1633; Paris, 1637; Wittenberg 1646, 1667);
    • (1667) Institutionum Medicinae Libri V
  • 7
    • 84873660461 scopus 로고
    • Wittenberg, 1618, 1624; Oxford, 1632; Wittenberg and Paris, 1633; Venice, 1641; Frankfurt, 1650; Amsterdam, 1651; Oxford, 1653, 1664
    • Epitome Naturalis Scientiae (Wittenberg, 1618, 1624; Oxford, 1632; Wittenberg and Paris, 1633; Venice, 1641; Frankfurt, 1650; Amsterdam, 1651; Oxford, 1653, 1664, 1682);
    • (1682) Epitome Naturalis Scientiae
  • 9
    • 2542502046 scopus 로고
    • Paris, 1641; Venice, 1641; Lyons, 1650; Venice, 1651; Lyons, Sennert's Opera Omnia, 3 vols., Lyons, 1650, will be cited hereafter as "O"
    • Opera Omnia (Paris, 1641; Venice, 1641; Lyons, 1650; Venice, 1651; Lyons, 1676). (Sennert's Opera Omnia, 3 vols., Lyons, 1650, will be cited hereafter as "O").
    • (1676) Opera Omnia
  • 11
  • 15
    • 77952444872 scopus 로고
    • Hamburg and Leipzig, esp. 439-441
    • for a discussion of Sennert's iatrochemical context, and Sennert's views on chemistry. On Sennert's suggestion of enduring atoms in a brief passage of the 1619 edition of De Chymicorum, see K. Lasswitz, Geschichte der Atomistik vom Mittelalter bis Newton, (Hamburg and Leipzig, 1890), 1:436-454, esp. 439-441.
    • (1890) Geschichte der Atomistik Vom Mittelalter bis Newton , vol.1 , pp. 436-454
    • Lasswitz, K.1
  • 16
    • 0039019582 scopus 로고
    • Early seventeenth-century atomism: Theory, epistemology, and the insufficiency of experiment
    • On the impact of chemistry on Sennert's matter theory, see esp. Ch. Meinel, "Early Seventeenth-Century Atomism: Theory, Epistemology, and the Insufficiency of Experiment", Isis 79(1988), 68-103;
    • (1988) Isis , vol.79 , pp. 68-103
    • Meinel, Ch.1
  • 18
    • 0030286909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The alchemical sources of Robert Boyle's corpuscular philosophy
    • W. R. Newman, "The Alchemical Sources of Robert Boyle's Corpuscular Philosophy", Annals of Science, 53 (1996) 567-585.
    • (1996) Annals of Science , vol.53 , pp. 567-585
    • Newman, W.R.1
  • 19
    • 84873650140 scopus 로고
    • Scipion Dupleix et l'anti-thomisme au XVIIe siecle
    • R. Ariew, "Scipion Dupleix et l'anti-thomisme au XVIIe siecle", Corpus, 20/21(1992), 295-307.
    • (1992) Corpus , vol.20-21 , pp. 295-307
    • Ariew, R.1
  • 21
    • 0142202185 scopus 로고
    • Dubuque, Iowa
    • For discussion of this controversy, with detailed consideration of the Thomistic opponents of pluralism, see F. J. Roensch, Early Thomistic School (Dubuque, Iowa, 1964).
    • (1964) Early Thomistic School
    • Roensch, F.J.1
  • 22
    • 66049099290 scopus 로고
    • Averroes and the plurality of forms
    • For discussion of this Franciscan tradition and of this controversy in the medieval period, see my paper: "Averroes and the Plurality of Forms", Franciscan Studies 52(1992), 155-182.
    • (1992) Franciscan Studies , vol.52 , pp. 155-182
  • 23
    • 84873695866 scopus 로고
    • Oxford, Cited hereafter as "ENS"
    • See also Epitome Naturalis Scienliae (Oxford, 1632), 35. (Cited hereafter as "ENS").
    • (1632) Epitome Naturalis Scienliae , pp. 35
  • 26
    • 84873631931 scopus 로고
    • The transformation of galenism
    • Berkeley, etc.
    • See also L. S. King, "The Transformation of Galenism", Medicine in Seventeenth Century England (Berkeley, etc., 1974), 7-32, who discusses Sennert's hierarchical account of forms, which, he says, Sennert in his analysis of atoms "extends and elaborates" (p. 27); but King, attributing this principally to Sennert's Galenism, concludes: "Seventeenth-century corpuscular philosophy can, I believe, be considered the lineal descendent of Galenic teachings as modified through the centuries" (p. 31).
    • (1974) Medicine in Seventeenth Century England , pp. 7-32
    • King, L.S.1
  • 27
    • 84873660941 scopus 로고
    • Notre Dame, Indiana, ch. 15 & 16
    • For an excellent discussion of the contrasting views of Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham on matter, on individuation, and on the plurality of forms, see M. M. Adams, William Ockham, (Notre Dame, Indiana, 1987), 2: ch. 15 & 16.
    • (1987) William Ockham , pp. 2
    • Adams, M.M.1
  • 28
    • 79958381488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augustinian interpretations of averroes with respect to the status of prime matter
    • See also G. J. McAleer, "Augustinian Interpretations of Averroes with Respect to the Status of Prime Matter", The Modern Schoolman, 73(1996), 159-172.
    • (1996) The Modern Schoolman , vol.73 , pp. 159-172
    • McAleer, G.J.1
  • 31
    • 84873649736 scopus 로고
    • Wittenberg
    • B. Meisner, Philosophia Sobria (Wittenberg, 1614), 519, says: "Sic unus homo unam habet formam, nempe specificam, quae est anima rationalis; multas tamen habet genericas, ut animam sentientem, vegetantem, formam mixti, & c"
    • (1614) Philosophia Sobria , pp. 519
    • Meisner, B.1
  • 32
    • 84873631668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Sennert's use of Meisner's arguments, HP, O, 1:198.
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 198
  • 33
    • 84873626798 scopus 로고
    • Giessen
    • Ch. Scheibler, Liber de anima (Giessen, 1614), 35, says (as does Sennert): "Zabaraella tamen minus absurdum putat, sive tres sive decern sive centum ponantur formae in eodem composito, de fac. an. cap. 8. & confirmat hanc sententiam de gener. & inter, cap 2. inde, quia in homine duo distincti & contrarii sunt motus, anima, iis ut progressio, & naturalis, quando motu recto cadit de turri. Ubi dici non potest quod hic motus sit ab anima, quia 1. anima movet per nervos, & 2. non movet per gravitatem. Cui rationi addo ego hanc. Si homo non habet plures formas. Ergo homo non erit corpus, non animal, non mixtum, quia haec omnia sunt per suas formas, id quod sunt. Si ergo haec universalia sint in homine, necesse est, ut etiam eorum formae sint in homine"
    • (1614) Liber de Anima , pp. 35
    • Scheibler, Ch.1
  • 34
    • 64149108335 scopus 로고
    • Ph. D. Dissertation, Columbia
    • For Zabarella's influence among professors of medicine, natural philosophy and logic in early seventeenth century Germany, see Wm. F. Edwards, The Logic of Iacopo Zabarella (1533-1589), Ph. D. Dissertation, Columbia, 1960, 62-63;
    • (1960) The Logic of Iacopo Zabarella (1533-1589) , pp. 62-63
    • Edwards, Wm.F.1
  • 35
    • 24944475818 scopus 로고
    • Padua, ch.42, p. 51
    • Zabarella's earliest biographer was A. Riccoboni, De Gymnasio Patavino Commentariorum Libri VI (Padua, 1598), 2: ch.42, p. 51. For a contemporary discussion of Zabarella's life, works, and writings on logic, see Edwards, The Logic.
    • (1598) De Gymnasio Patavino Commentariorum Libri VI , pp. 2
    • Riccoboni, A.1
  • 39
    • 61249483239 scopus 로고
    • Lewiston, N. Y.
    • See, for example, D. A. Iorio, The Aristotelians of Renaissance Italy (Lewiston, N. Y., 1991), 231, who indicates that "Giacomo Zabarella (1533-1589) [...] espoused a rigorous form of Aristotelianism;"
    • (1991) The Aristotelians of Renaissance Italy , pp. 231
    • Iorio, D.A.1
  • 40
    • 3142747160 scopus 로고
    • The intellective soul
    • Ch. Schmitt and Q. Skinner Cambridge
    • and R. Kessler, "The Intellective Soul", in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, ed. Ch. Schmitt and Q. Skinner (Cambridge, 1988), 530, supporting a like view, says that Zabarella "rejected Neoplatonic tendencies in interpreting Aristotle"
    • (1988) The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy , pp. 530
    • Kessler, R.1
  • 42
    • 84873642568 scopus 로고
    • De formis rerum naturalium substantialibus
    • Geneva
    • or Franciscus Bonnaeus, who, considering whether "in the same composite there exists a plurality of substantial forms", states: "Thomas, with his sect, deny it; we believe rather Averroes and the Greek interpreters, who affirm it" ("In eodem vero composito an plures formae consistere valeant, inter Philosophos agitatum est. Thomas, cum suis sectatoribus, negat; nos Averrio, & Graecis inter-Pretibus affirmantibus magis credimus"). F. Bonnaeus, "De Formis Rerum Naturalium Substantialibus", Theses Physicae (Geneva, 1612), 7.
    • (1612) Theses Physicae , pp. 7
    • Bonnaeus, F.1
  • 45
    • 0142202188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This view of Aquinas, in fact, developed over time. For discussion of this development, see Zavalloni, Richard de Mediavilla, 264-265.
    • Richard de Mediavilla , pp. 264-265
    • Zavalloni1
  • 46
    • 84873665272 scopus 로고
    • Bologna
    • Cf. A. Achillini, De Elementis (Bologna, 1505), for support of the pluralistic view that prime matter is substantive and extended, (p. 102a) and for a similar "Averroist" account of how mixed bodies arise from the elements by their breaking up into particles and their reduction to a middle state (pp. 116-119).
    • (1505) De Elementis
    • Achillini, A.1
  • 47
    • 84873698062 scopus 로고
    • Genoa
    • See, for example, Liceti's works: De Ortu Animae Humanae (Genoa, 1602);
    • (1602) De Ortu Animae Humanae
  • 50
    • 84873696679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renaissance theories of body, soul and mind
    • J. Wright and P. Potter, forthcoming
    • For discussion of Renaissance Latin pluralism, see my papers "Renaissance Theories of Body, Soul and Mind", ed. J. Wright and P. Potter, Psyche and Soma in the History of Philosophy and Medicine (forthcoming, 1997).
    • (1997) Psyche and Soma in the History of Philosophy and Medicine
  • 51
    • 84873693887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brepols, forthcoming
    • "From Aristotelian Pluralism to Early Modern Dualism: Descartes and Gassendi on Matter and Mind", ed. S. Brown, The Medieval Foundation of Modern Philosophy (Brepols, forthcoming, 1997).
    • (1997) The Medieval Foundation of Modern Philosophy
    • Brown, S.1
  • 53
    • 84873642353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The alchemical sources
    • see W. R. Newman, "The Alchemical Sources", passim.
    • Passim
    • Newman, W.R.1
  • 57
    • 84873687057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sennert, E, O
    • Cf. e.g. F. Liceti, De Ortu. Sennert, E, O, 1:178, citing Liceti, says: "leonem ac semen leoninum esse univoca & habere eandem animam [...]." This was also the view of some Lutheran professors of natural philosophy. Cf. fn. 83.
    • De Ortu , vol.1 , pp. 178
    • Liceti, F.1
  • 58
    • 84873654098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HP, O, 1:143.
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 143
  • 59
    • 84873659547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENS, 47: "Cum enim ex nihilo nihil fiat naturaliter, forma vero in materia sit, quae antea non fuit, quaeritur unde eius sit origo?"
    • ENS , pp. 47
  • 60
    • 84873651756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For Sennert's objection to the unicitist account of generation of Toletus, see ENS, 47-50. In his HP, he also cites and opposes the views of generation of such unicitists as Suarez, Fonseca, Ruvius and others.
    • ENS , pp. 47-50
  • 61
    • 84873654098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HP, O, 1:143.
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 143
  • 62
    • 84873690207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HP, O, 1:200.
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 200
  • 63
    • 84873660200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HP, O, 1:191: "Mas & fœmina enim sunt eiusdem speciei, & propterea tarn non est absurdum, animam utriusque seminis coniungi, quàm absurdum non est, duas flammas uniri"
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 191
  • 64
    • 84873654098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HP, O, 1:143: "Ut enim artificialia fiunt ab agente actu ad determinatam in mente artificis ideam, & ita non à quolibet sit, sed aliud opus statuarius, aliud scriniarius, aliud faber lignarius efficit; ita etiam ad cuiuslibet rei naturalis generationem determinatum, & specificum agens, & actu tale requiritur, quod pro concessa sibi à creatore potestate (sicut artifex agit secundum ideam, quam in mente concepit) sibi simile opus efficiat. In hoc tantùm diversitas est, quod artifex in artificiali est extra materiam; in rebus naturalibus in materia, & per ipsam materiam diffusa"
    • HP, O , vol.1 , pp. 143
  • 65
    • 84873651790 scopus 로고
    • Cf. as evidence of an ongoing battle, Scholae seu Disputationes Physicae, presiding Rudolph Goclenius the Younger, Marburg, 1591, for a collection of essays presenting arguments for and against traduction. Traduction was supported in the late sixteenth century at Strasbourg by Heuvenreuter.
    • (1591) Scholae Seu Disputationes Physicae
  • 68
    • 84873666782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENS, 50-51.
    • ENS , pp. 50-51
  • 69
    • 84873665338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENS, 28-29.
    • ENS , pp. 28-29


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