A quantitative method for optimized placement of continuous air monitors

Health Physics

Volumn 85, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 599-609

  Whicker, Jeffrey J ^a   Rodgers, John C ^a   Moxley, John S ^b  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b SAVANNAH RIVER NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Air sampling; Monitoring, air; Occupational safety; Radioactivity, airborne

Indexed keywords

PLUTONIUM; RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL; TRACER;

AEROSOL; AIR MONITOR; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; AIRFLOW; ARTICLE; CONTINUOUS AIR MONITOR; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEAR REACTOR; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; PLUME DISPERSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RADIOSENSITIVITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; NUCLEAR WARFARE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PARTICLE SIZE; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOACTIVE WASTE; RADIOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 0142182736     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200311000-00008     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Alvarez JL, Bennett WS, Davidson TL. Design of an airborne plutonium survey program for personnel protection. Health Phys 66:634-642; 1994.
2. Awbi HB. Ventilation of buildings. London: E&FN Spon Publishers; 1991.
3. Brunskill RT, Holt FB. Aerosol studies in plutonium and uranium plants at the Windscale and Springfields. Works of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. In: Proceeding of the Symposium assessment of airborne radioactivity; Vienna: IAEA; Report N. SM-95/30; 1967: 463-476.
4. Buchanan CR, Chung IP, Dunn-Rankin D. A numerical study of indoor contaminant mixing. J Institute Environmental Sciences 38:15-21; 1995.
5. Crites TR. Alpha air monitor alarm sensitivity: operational experience. Radiat Protect Dosim 53:65-68; 1994.
6. Dorrian M-D, Bailey MR. Particle size distributions of radioactive aerosols measured in workplaces. Radiat Protect Dosim 60:119-133; 1995.
7. Drescher AC, Park DY, Yost MG, Gadgil AJ, Lavine SP, Nazaroff WW. Stationary and time-dependent indoor tracer-gas concentration profiles measured by OP-FTIR remote sensing and SBFM-computed tomography. Atmospheric Environment 31:727-740; 1997.
8. Drivas PJ, Valberg PA, Murphy BL, Wilson R. Modeling indoor air exposure from short-term point source releases. Indoor Air 6:271-277; 1996.
9. Flynn MR, Lackey BD, Muthedath P. Experimental and numerical studies on the impact of work practices used to control exposures occurring in booth-type hoods. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 57:469-475; 1996.
10. Gilbert RO. Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1987.
11. Haghighat F, Huo Y, Zhang J, Shaw C. The influence of office furniture, workstation layouts, diffuser types and location on indoor air quality and thermal comfort conditions at workstations. Indoor Air 6:188-203; 1996.
12. Hanzawa H, Melikov AK, Fanger PO. Airflow characteristics in the occupied zone of ventilated spaces. ASHRAE Transactions 93:524-539; 1987.
13. Heber AJ, Boon CR. Air velocity characteristics in an experimental livestock building with nonisothermal jet ventilation. ASHRAE Transactions Symposia 99:1139-1151; 1993.
14. Hickey EE, Stoetzl GA, Strom DJ, Cicotte GR, Wiblin CM, McGuire SA. Air sampling in the workplace. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; NUREG-1400; 1993.
15. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1982.
16. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Cost-benefit analysis in the optimization of radiation protection. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP publication 37; 1983.
17. Jordan H, Gordon DJ, Whicker JJ, Wannigman DL. Predicting worker exposure from a glovebox leak. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Report LA-13833-MS; 2001.
18. Kim T, Flynn MR. The effect of contaminant source momentum on worker's breathing zone concentration in a uniform freestream. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 53:757-766; 1992.
19. Konecni S, Whicker JJ, Martin RA. Computational modeling and experimental characterization of indoor aerosol transport. Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. Montreal: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; FEDSM2002-31398; 2002.
20. Langer G. Ventilation-air change rate verses particulate contaminant spread. Golden, CO: Rockwell International; Rockwell International Report RFP-4154; 1987.
21. McAtee JL. Interrelationships among personnel dosimetry and other workplace monitoring methods. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Report LA-UR-90-0664; 1990.
22. McFarland AR, Rodgers JC, Koskelo MJ. Sampling alpha-emitting transuranic aerosols in the nuclear workplace. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Report LAUR-97-3646; 1997.
23. Merwin SE, Martin JB, Tawil JJ, Selby JM. Three example applications of optimization techniques to Department of Energy contractor radiation protection programs. Health Phys 57:873-883; 1989.
24. Mishima J, Hunt J, Kittenger WD, Langer G, Ratchford D, Ritter PD, Rowan D, Stafford RG. Health Physics Manual of Good Practices for the prompt detection of airborne plutonium in the workplace. Richland, WA: Batelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory; Report PNL-6612, UC-607; 1988.
25. Newton GJ, Bechtold WE, Hoover MD, Ghanbari F, Herring PS, Jow H-N. A case study on determining air monitoring requirements in a radioactive materials handling area. In: Department of Energy 1993 radiation protection proceedings. Las Vegas: U.S. DOE; DOE CONF-9304128; 1993.
26. Rodes CE, Damens RM, Wiener RW. The significance and characteristics of the personal activity cloud on exposure assessment for indoor contaminants. Indoor Air 1:123-145; 1991.
27. Scott BR, Fencl AF. Variability in PuO2 intake by inhalation: implications for worker protection at the U. S. Department of Energy. Radiat Protect Dosim 83:221-232; 1999.
28. Scripsick RC, Tillery MI, Stafford RG, Romero PO. Evaluation of a radioactive aerosol monitoring system. In: Advances in radiation protection monitoring, proceedings of an International Atomic Energy Agency conference. Vienna: IAEA; IAEA-SM-229/62; 1979: 3030-321.
29. United States Department of Energy. Code of Federal Regulation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 10CFR Part 835; 1999a.
30. United States Department of Energy. Air monitoring guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; DOE G 441.1-8; 1999b.
31. Vavasseur C, Muller JP, Asubertin G, Levevre A. Application of tracer gas measurements of ventilation parameters in nuclear power plants and various industrial sectors, In: Goodfellow HD, ed. Ventilation '85. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.; 1986:785-796.
32. Wasiolek PT, Whicker JJ, Gong H, Rodgers JC. Room airflow studies using sonic anemometry. Indoor Air 9:125-133; 1999.
33. Whicker JJ. Continuous air monitor correlation to fixed air sample data at Los Alamos National Laboratory. In: Department of Energy 1993 radiation protection proceedings. Las Vegas: U.S. DOE; CONF-9304128; 1993.
34. Whicker JJ, Yang Y, Rodgers JC, Spore J. Experimental characterization and computational modeling of indoor aerosol dispersion and their applications in optimization of continuous air monitor placement. Proceedings of the 1996 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer. San Diego, CA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1996.
35. Whicker JJ, Rodgers JC, Fairchild CI, Scripsick RC, Lopez RC. Evaluation of continuous air monitor placement in a plutonium facility. Health Phys 72:734-743; 1997.
36. Whicker JJ, Baker GD, Wasiolek PT. Quantitative measurements of airflow inside a nuclear laboratory. Health Phys 79:712-721; 2000a.
37. Whicker JJ, Konecni S, Parietti L, Buhl TE, Hoover MD, Hoover PS, Martin RA, McAtee JL, Morgan RG, Rodgers JC, Voss JT, Wannigman DL. Placement of continuous air monitors in PF-4 plutonium laboratories: consensus findings and recommendations. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Report LA-UR-00-2311; 2000b.
38. Whicker JJ, Rodgers JC, Wasiolek PT, Ammerman CN, Lopez RC, Moore ME. Implications of room ventilation and containment design for minimization of worker exposures to plutonium aerosols. In: Technology development, evaluation, and application FY 1999 Progress Report; Hoffman LG (Ed). Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13766-PR; 2000c.
39. Whicker JJ, Moxley JS. Quantitative air migration study at the Savannah River Site CLAB. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; Report LA-UR-01-4933; 2001.
40. Whicker JJ, Wasiolek PT, Tavani RA. Influence of room geometry and ventilation rate on airflow and aerosol dispersion: implications for worker protection. Health Phys 82:52-63; 2002.