메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 9-22

Energy balance, body composition, and puberty in children and adolescents: Importance of ethnicity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; INSULIN; SOMATOMEDIN C;

EID: 0142176758     PISSN: 10683097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00060793-200302000-00003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 0035140396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: A decade of progress, 1990-1999
    • Goran MI: Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress, 1990-1999. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73:158-171.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 158-171
    • Goran, M.I.1
  • 2
    • 0029869077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents
    • Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Daniels SR, et al.: Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr 1996, 128:608-615.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.128 , pp. 608-615
    • Pinhas-Hamiel, O.1    Dolan, L.M.2    Daniels, S.R.3
  • 4
    • 19044375690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent growth and development
    • Spear BA: Adolescent growth and development. J Am Diet Assoc 2002, 102:323-329.
    • (2002) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.102 , pp. 323-329
    • Spear, B.A.1
  • 5
    • 0026586120 scopus 로고
    • New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data
    • Carter DR, Bouxsein ML, Marcus R: New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner Res 1992, 7:137-145. This article describes the development of the BMAD correction for the confounding effect on bone size on ABMD.
    • (1992) J Bone Miner Res , Issue.7 , pp. 137-145
    • Carter, D.R.1    Bouxsein, M.L.2    Marcus, R.3
  • 6
    • 0033305276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral acquisition in healthy Asian, Hispanic, Black, and Caucasian youth: A longitudinal study
    • Bachrach LK, Hastie T, Wang M, et al.: Bone mineral acquisition in healthy Asian, Hispanic, Black, and Caucasian youth: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:4702-4712.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4702-4712
    • Bachrach, L.K.1    Hastie, T.2    Wang, M.3
  • 7
    • 0032068774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth in bone mass and size-are racial and gender differences in bone mineral density more apparent than real?
    • Seeman E: Growth in bone mass and size-are racial and gender differences in bone mineral density more apparent than real? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:1414-1419. A detailed description of apparent and true BMD measures and further discussion of whether ethnic differences in BMD are artifactual or real are presented in this article.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , Issue.83 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Seeman, E.1
  • 8
    • 0028088147 scopus 로고
    • Does estimating volumetric bone density of the femoral neck improve the prediction of hip fracture? A prospective study
    • Cummings SR, Marcus R, Palermo L, et al.: Does estimating volumetric bone density of the femoral neck improve the prediction of hip fracture? a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 1994, 9:1429-1432.
    • (1994) J Bone Miner Res , vol.9 , pp. 1429-1432
    • Cummings, S.R.1    Marcus, R.2    Palermo, L.3
  • 9
    • 0034038881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiologic changes during growth: An update
    • Ballabriga A: Morphological and physiologic changes during growth: an update. Eur J Clin Invest 2000, 54:S1-S6.
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.54
    • Ballabriga, A.1
  • 10
    • 0031030397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accumulation of whole body skeletal mass in third- And fourth-grade children: Effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and body composition
    • Nelson DA, Simpson PM, Johnson CC, et al.: The accumulation of whole body skeletal mass in third- and fourth-grade children: effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and body composition. Bone 1997, 20:73-78.
    • (1997) Bone , vol.20 , pp. 73-78
    • Nelson, D.A.1    Simpson, P.M.2    Johnson, C.C.3
  • 11
    • 0029828123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in body composition of black and white girls
    • Yanovski JA, Yanovski SZ, Rimer KM, et al.: Differences in body composition of black and white girls. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 64:833-839.
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.64 , pp. 833-839
    • Yanovski, J.A.1    Yanovski, S.Z.2    Rimer, K.M.3
  • 12
    • 0034047684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral in prepubertal children: Gender and ethnicity
    • Horlick M, Thornton J, Wang J, et al.: Bone mineral in prepubertal children: gender and ethnicity. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:1393-1397.
    • (2000) J Bone Miner Res , vol.15 , pp. 1393-1397
    • Horlick, M.1    Thornton, J.2    Wang, J.3
  • 13
    • 0031047627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition of a young, multiethnic female population
    • Ellis KJ, Abrams SA, Wong WW: Body composition of a young, multiethnic female population. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65:724-731.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 724-731
    • Ellis, K.J.1    Abrams, S.A.2    Wong, W.W.3
  • 14
    • 0030819243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition of a young, multiethnic male population
    • Ellis KJ: Body composition of a young, multiethnic male population. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66:1323-1331.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.66 , pp. 1323-1331
    • Ellis, K.J.1
  • 15
    • 0030723984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mass and hip axis length in healthy Asian, Black, Hispanic, and white American youth
    • Wang M, Aguirre M, Bhudhikanok GS, et al.: Bone mass and hip axis length in healthy Asian, Black, Hispanic, and white American youth. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:1922-1935.
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12 , pp. 1922-1935
    • Wang, M.1    Aguirre, M.2    Bhudhikanok, G.S.3
  • 16
    • 0024440959 scopus 로고
    • Bone mineral content in black and white children 1 to 6 years of age
    • LJ J, Specker BL, Ho ML, et al.: Bone mineral content in black and white children 1 to 6 years of age. Am J Dis Child 1989, 143:1346-1349.
    • (1989) Am J Dis Child , vol.143 , pp. 1346-1349
    • Lj, J.1    Specker, B.L.2    Ho, M.L.3
  • 17
    • 0025995746 scopus 로고
    • Changes in vertebral bone density in black and white girls during childhood and puberty
    • Gilsanz V, Roe TF, Mora S, et al.: Changes in vertebral bone density in black and white girls during childhood and puberty. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:1597-1600.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1597-1600
    • Gilsanz, V.1    Roe, T.F.2    Mora, S.3
  • 18
    • 0031796084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children
    • Gilsanz V, Skaggs DL, Kovanlikaya A, et al.: Differential effects of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:1420-1427.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 1420-1427
    • Gilsanz, V.1    Skaggs, D.L.2    Kovanlikaya, A.3
  • 19
    • 0025734524 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children
    • Bell NH, Shary J, Stevens J, et al.: Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children. J Bone Miner Res 1991, 6:719-723.
    • (1991) J Bone Miner Res , vol.6 , pp. 719-723
    • Bell, N.H.1    Shary, J.2    Stevens, J.3
  • 20
    • 0025822756 scopus 로고
    • Spinal bone mineral density in 335 normal and obese children and adolescents: Evidence for ethnic and sex differences
    • McCormick DP, Ponder SW, Fawcett HD, et al.: Spinal bone mineral density in 335 normal and obese children and adolescents: evidence for ethnic and sex differences. J Bone Miner Res 1991, 6:507-513.
    • (1991) J Bone Miner Res , vol.6 , pp. 507-513
    • McCormick, D.P.1    Ponder, S.W.2    Fawcett, H.D.3
  • 21
    • 0029783510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in bone mineral in young Asian and Caucasian Americans may reflect differences in bone size
    • Bhudhikanok GS, Wang M, Edkert K, et al.: Differences in bone mineral in young Asian and Caucasian Americans may reflect differences in bone size. J Bone Miner Res 1996, 11:1545-1556.
    • (1996) J Bone Miner Res , vol.11 , pp. 1545-1556
    • Bhudhikanok, G.S.1    Wang, M.2    Edkert, K.3
  • 22
    • 0034083122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: A comparative review
    • Wagner DR, Heyward VH: Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:1392-1402. An excellent review of the differences in body composition between black and white subjects, with pertinent discussion of the violation of common prediction equation assumptions when applied across ethnicities.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , Issue.71 , pp. 1392-1402
    • Wagner, D.R.1    Heyward, V.H.2
  • 23
    • 0019059157 scopus 로고
    • Growth, fatness, and leanness in Mexican American children
    • Zavaleta AN, Malina RM: Growth, fatness, and leanness in Mexican American children. Am J Clin Nutr 1980, 33:2008-2020.
    • (1980) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 2008-2020
    • Zavaleta, A.N.1    Malina, R.M.2
  • 24
    • 0028287909 scopus 로고
    • Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- And 10-year-old black and white girls: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study
    • Morrison JA, Barton B, Biro FM, et al.: Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr 1994, 124:889-895.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.124 , pp. 889-895
    • Morrison, J.A.1    Barton, B.2    Biro, F.M.3
  • 25
    • 0035666584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between skeletal maturation and adiposity in African American and Caucasian children
    • Russell DL, Keil MF, Bonat SH, et al.: The relation between skeletal maturation and adiposity in African American and Caucasian children. J Pediatr 2001, 139:844-848.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.139 , pp. 844-848
    • Russell, D.L.1    Keil, M.F.2    Bonat, S.H.3
  • 26
    • 0035022880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health study
    • Biro FM, McMahon RP, Striegel-Moore R, et al.: Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health study. J Pediatr 2001, 138:636-643.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 636-643
    • Biro, F.M.1    McMahon, R.P.2    Striegel-Moore, R.3
  • 27
    • 0031027952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in bone density between young adult black and white subjects persist after adjustment for anthropometric, lifestyle, and biochemical differences
    • Ettinger B, Sidney S, Cummings SR, et al.: Racial differences in bone density between young adult black and white subjects persist after adjustment for anthropometric, lifestyle, and biochemical differences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:429-434.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 429-434
    • Ettinger, B.1    Sidney, S.2    Cummings, S.R.3
  • 28
    • 0028940438 scopus 로고
    • Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years
    • Abrahms SA, O'Brien KO, Liang LK, et al.: Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:829-833.
    • (1995) J Bone Miner Res , vol.10 , pp. 829-833
    • Abrahms, S.A.1    O'Brien, K.O.2    Liang, L.K.3
  • 29
    • 0027324178 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents
    • Bell NH, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, et al.: Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 1993, 8:1111-1115.
    • (1993) J Bone Miner Res , vol.8 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Bell, N.H.1    Yergey, A.L.2    Vieira, N.E.3
  • 30
    • 0034856799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition in prepubertal girls: Comparison of six methods
    • Treuth MS, Butte NF, Wong WW, et al.: Body composition in prepubertal girls: comparison of six methods. Int J Obes 2001, 25:1352-1359.
    • (2001) Int J Obes , vol.25 , pp. 1352-1359
    • Treuth, M.S.1    Butte, N.F.2    Wong, W.W.3
  • 31
    • 0035744485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in body composition assumptions across ethnic groups: Practical consequences
    • Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M: Differences in body composition assumptions across ethnic groups: practical consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001, 4:377-383.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.4 , pp. 377-383
    • Deurenberg, P.1    Deurenberg-Yap, M.2
  • 32
    • 0033866667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating body fat in African American and white adolescent girls: A comparison of skinfold-thickness equations with a 4-compartment criterion model
    • Wong WW, Stuff JE, Butte NF, et al.: Estimating body fat in African American and white adolescent girls: a comparison of skinfold-thickness equations with a 4-compartment criterion model. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72:348-354.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.72 , pp. 348-354
    • Wong, W.W.1    Stuff, J.E.2    Butte, N.F.3
  • 33
    • 0036076001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating body fat in girls and female adolescents: Advantages and disadvantages of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
    • Wong WW, Hergenroeder AC, Stuff JE, et al.: Evaluating body fat in girls and female adolescents: advantages and disadvantages of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76:384-389.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.76 , pp. 384-389
    • Wong, W.W.1    Hergenroeder, A.C.2    Stuff, J.E.3
  • 34
    • 0036092981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and race differences in fat distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian prepubertal children
    • He Q, Horlick M, Thornton J, et al.: Sex and race differences in fat distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian prepubertal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:2164-2170.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 2164-2170
    • He, Q.1    Horlick, M.2    Thornton, J.3
  • 35
    • 0030946655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral fat in white and African American prepubertal children
    • Goran MI, Nagy TR, Treuth MS, et al.: Visceral fat in white and African American prepubertal children. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65:1703-1708.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Goran, M.I.1    Nagy, T.R.2    Treuth, M.S.3
  • 36
    • 0034060768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in androgens, IGF-I and body fat in healthy prepubertal girls
    • Girgis R, Abrams SA, Castracane D, et al.: Ethnic differences in androgens, IGF-I and body fat in healthy prepubertal girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000, 13:497-502.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.13 , pp. 497-502
    • Girgis, R.1    Abrams, S.A.2    Castracane, D.3
  • 37
    • 0035489460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition of African Ameri-can and White children: A 2-year follow-up of the BAROC study
    • Bray GA, DeLany JP, Harsha DW, et al.: Body composition of African Ameri-can and White children: a 2-year follow-up of the BAROC study. Obes Res 2001, 9:459-477.
    • (2001) Obes Res , vol.9 , pp. 459-477
    • Bray, G.A.1    Delany, J.P.2    Harsha, D.W.3
  • 38
    • 0024456928 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in anthropometric characteristics of young children and their parents
    • Greaves KA, Puhl J, Baranowski T, et al.: Ethnic differences in anthropometric characteristics of young children and their parents. Hum Biol 1989, 61:459-477.
    • (1989) Hum Biol , vol.61 , pp. 459-477
    • Greaves, K.A.1    Puhl, J.2    Baranowski, T.3
  • 39
    • 0036231288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, sex, ethnicity, body composition, and resting energy expenditure of obese African American and white children and adolescents
    • Tershakovec AM, Kuppler KM, Zemel B, et al.: Age, sex, ethnicity, body composition, and resting energy expenditure of obese African American and white children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 75:867-871.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.75 , pp. 867-871
    • Tershakovec, A.M.1    Kuppler, K.M.2    Zemel, B.3
  • 40
    • 0037022916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trunk fat and blood pressure in children through puberty
    • He Q, Horlick M, Fedun B, et al.: Trunk fat and blood pressure in children through puberty. Circulation 2002, 105:1093-1098.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1093-1098
    • He, Q.1    Horlick, M.2    Fedun, B.3
  • 41
    • 0035076517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-year old African American and white children: The Baton Rouge Children's study
    • Bray GA, DeLany JP, Harsha DW, et al.: Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-year old African American and white children: the Baton Rouge Children's study. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73:687-702.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 687-702
    • Bray, G.A.1    Delany, J.P.2    Harsha, D.W.3
  • 42
    • 0034917150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in body fat in African American and Caucasian children: Influence of fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity
    • Johnson MS, Fgueroa-Colon R, Huang TTK, et al.: Longitudinal changes in body fat in African American and Caucasian children: influence of fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:3182-3187.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 3182-3187
    • Johnson, M.S.1    Fgueroa-Colon, R.2    Ttk, H.3
  • 43
    • 0035344481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the sum of skinfolds and percentage of body fat estimated from impedance in black and white girls, 9 to 19 years of age: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health study
    • Morrison JA, Barton BA, Obarzanek E, et al.: Racial differences in the sum of skinfolds and percentage of body fat estimated from impedance in black and white girls, 9 to 19 years of age: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health study. Obes Res 2001, 9:297-305.
    • (2001) Obes Res , vol.9 , pp. 297-305
    • Morrison, J.A.1    Barton, B.A.2    Obarzanek, E.3
  • 44
    • 0035145801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of resting energy expenditure relative to body composition during puberty in African American and white children
    • Sun M, Gower BA, Bartolucci AA, et al.: A longitudinal study of resting energy expenditure relative to body composition during puberty in African American and white children. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 73:308-315. Longitudinal study of prepubertal and pubertal black and white children, including measures of total and regional body composition by DXA and resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , Issue.73 , pp. 308-315
    • Sun, M.1    Gower, B.A.2    Bartolucci, A.A.3
  • 45
    • 0028819705 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in adolescent girls of four ethnic groups
    • Malina RM, Huang Y-C, Brown KH: Subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in adolescent girls of four ethnic groups. Int J Obes 1995, 19:793-797.
    • (1995) Int J Obes , vol.19 , pp. 793-797
    • Malina, R.M.1    Huang, Y.-C.2    Brown, K.H.3
  • 46
    • 0025761533 scopus 로고
    • Impact of pubertal development on body fat distribution among white, Hispanic, and Asian female adolescents
    • Hammer LD, Wilson DM, Litt IF, et al.: Impact of pubertal development on body fat distribution among white, Hispanic, and Asian female adolescents. J Pediatr 1991, 118:975-980.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.118 , pp. 975-980
    • Hammer, L.D.1    Wilson, D.M.2    Litt, I.F.3
  • 47
    • 0028958031 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: Biologic actions
    • Jones JI, Clemmons DR: Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biologic actions. Endocr Rev 1995, 16:3-34.
    • (1995) Endocr Rev , vol.16 , pp. 3-34
    • Jones, J.I.1    Clemmons, D.R.2
  • 48
    • 0026052697 scopus 로고
    • Insulin inhibits transcription of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1
    • Powell DR, Suwanichkul A, Cubbage ML, et al.: Insulin inhibits transcription of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:18868-18876.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 18868-18876
    • Powell, D.R.1    Suwanichkul, A.2    Cubbage, M.L.3
  • 49
    • 0027417005 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 response to insulin during suppression of endogenous insulin secretion
    • Lee PDK, Jensen MD, Divertie GD, et al.: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 response to insulin during suppression of endogenous insulin secretion. Metabolism 1993, 42:409-414.
    • (1993) Metabolism , vol.42 , pp. 409-414
    • Pdk, L.1    Jensen, M.D.2    Divertie, G.D.3
  • 50
    • 0035744666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein assays
    • Noel M, Chevenne D, Porquet D: Utility of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein assays. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001, 4:399-405.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.4 , pp. 399-405
    • Noel, M.1    Chevenne, D.2    Porquet, D.3
  • 51
    • 0035743506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free insulin-like growth factor 1: Are we hunting a ghost?
    • Bang P, Ahlsen M, Berg U, et al.: Free insulin-like growth factor 1: are we hunting a ghost? Horm Res 2001, 55(suppl 2):84-93.
    • (2001) Horm Res , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 84-93
    • Bang, P.1    Ahlsen, M.2    Berg, U.3
  • 52
    • 0034762927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of insulin-like growth factor-1 in human serum: Comparison of ultrafiltration and direct immunoradiometric assay
    • Frystyk J, Ivarsen P, Stoving RK, et al.: Determination of insulin-like growth factor-1 in human serum: comparison of ultrafiltration and direct immunoradiometric assay. Growth Horm IGF Res 2001, 11:117-127.
    • (2001) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.11 , pp. 117-127
    • Frystyk, J.1    Ivarsen, P.2    Stoving, R.K.3
  • 53
    • 0033498226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins are different between white and African American girls
    • Wong WW, Copeland KC, Hergenroeder AC, et al.: Serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins are different between white and African American girls. J Pediatr 1999, 135:296-300.
    • (1999) J Pediatr , vol.135 , pp. 296-300
    • Wong, W.W.1    Copeland, K.C.2    Hergenroeder, A.C.3
  • 54
    • 0033638923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors and bone mineral density in African-American and white girls
    • Yanovski JA, Sovik KN, Nguyen TT, et al.: Insulin-like growth factors and bone mineral density in African-American and white girls. J Pediatr 2000, 137:826-832.
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.137 , pp. 826-832
    • Yanovski, J.A.1    Sovik, K.N.2    Nguyen, T.T.3
  • 55
    • 0026585910 scopus 로고
    • Black-white contrasts in insulin levels during pubertal development: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Svec F, Nastasi K, Hilton C, et al.: Black-white contrasts in insulin levels during pubertal development: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes 1992, 41:313-317.
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , pp. 313-317
    • Svec, F.1    Nastasi, K.2    Hilton, C.3
  • 56
    • 0031957553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat distribution and insulin response in prepubertal African-American and white children
    • Gower BA, Nagy TR, Trowbridge CA, et al.: Fat distribution and insulin response in prepubertal African-American and white children. Am J Clin Nutr 1998, 67:821-827.
    • (1998) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.67 , pp. 821-827
    • Gower, B.A.1    Nagy, T.R.2    Trowbridge, C.A.3
  • 57
    • 0031158813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretion and sensitivity in black versus white prepubertal healthy children
    • Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C, Janosky JE: Insulin secretion and sensitivity in black versus white prepubertal healthy children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:1923-1927.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 1923-1927
    • Arslanian, S.1    Suprasongsin, C.2    Janosky, J.E.3
  • 58
    • 0034305162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity in prepubertal children: Role of physical fitness and physical activity
    • Ku C-Y, Gower BA, Hunter GR, et al.: Racial differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity in prepubertal children: role of physical fitness and physical activity. Obes Res 2000, 8:506-515.
    • (2000) Obes Res , vol.8 , pp. 506-515
    • Ku, C.-Y.1    Gower, B.A.2    Hunter, G.R.3
  • 59
    • 0036512928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone secretion and bond mineral density in prepubertal black and white boys
    • Wright NM, Papadea N, Veldhuis JD, et al.: Growth hormone secretion and bond mineral density in prepubertal black and white boys. Calcif Tissue Int 2002, 70:146-152.
    • (2002) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.70 , pp. 146-152
    • Wright, N.M.1    Papadea, N.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3
  • 60
    • 0036962247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating IGF-1 levels in childhood are related to both current body composition and early postnatal growth rate
    • Ong K, Kratzsch J, Kiess W, et al.: Circulating IGF-1 levels in childhood are related to both current body composition and early postnatal growth rate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:1041-1044.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1041-1044
    • Ong, K.1    Kratzsch, J.2    Kiess, W.3
  • 61
    • 0025943482 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-1 as a reflection of body composition, nutrition, and puberty in sixth and seventh grade girls
    • Wilson DM, Killen JD, Hammer LD, et al.: Insulin-like growth factor-1 as a reflection of body composition, nutrition, and puberty in sixth and seventh grade girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991, 73:907-912.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 907-912
    • Wilson, D.M.1    Killen, J.D.2    Hammer, L.D.3
  • 64
    • 0002635876 scopus 로고
    • Intermediary metabolism with an emphasis on lipid metabolism, adipose tissue, and fat cell metabolism: A review
    • Edited by Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co.
    • Lonnroth P, Smith U: Intermediary metabolism with an emphasis on lipid metabolism, adipose tissue, and fat cell metabolism: a review. In Obesity. Edited by Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co.; 1992:3-14.
    • (1992) Obesity , pp. 3-14
    • Lonnroth, P.1    Smith, U.2
  • 65
    • 0029991872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: The glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed
    • Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR: Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: the glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed. Am J Physiol 1996, 270:E733-E738.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Sidossis, L.S.1    Wolfe, R.R.2
  • 66
    • 0029852840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into the mitochondria
    • Sidossis LS, Stuart CA, Shulman GI, et al.: Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into the mitochondria. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:2244-2250.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 2244-2250
    • Sidossis, L.S.1    Stuart, C.A.2    Shulman, G.I.3
  • 67
    • 0033005654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin opposes insulin's effects on fatty acid partitioning in muscles isolated from obese ob/ob mice
    • Muoio DM, Dohm GL, Tapscott EB, et al.: Leptin opposes insulin's effects on fatty acid partitioning in muscles isolated from obese ob/ob mice. Am J Physiol 1999, 276:E913-E921.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Muoio, D.M.1    Dohm, G.L.2    Tapscott, E.B.3
  • 69
    • 0034919003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipolysis in African-American children: Is it a metabolic risk factor predisposing to obesity?
    • Danadian K, Lewy V, Janosky JE, et al.: Lipolysis in African-American children: is it a metabolic risk factor predisposing to obesity? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:3022-3026.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 3022-3026
    • Danadian, K.1    Lewy, V.2    Janosky, J.E.3
  • 70
    • 0032765394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in prepubertal children
    • Gower BA, Nagy TR, Goran MI: Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in prepubertal children. Diabetes 1999, 48:1515-1521.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 1515-1521
    • Gower, B.A.1    Nagy, T.R.2    Goran, M.I.3
  • 71
    • 0030391836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the in vivo insulin secretion and sensitivity of healthy black versus white adolescents
    • Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C: Differences in the in vivo insulin secretion and sensitivity of healthy black versus white adolescents. J Pediatr 1996, 129:440-443.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.129 , pp. 440-443
    • Arslanian, S.1    Suprasongsin, C.2
  • 72
    • 0036098174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of insulin secretion and clearance to glucose-induced insulin concentration in African-American and Caucasian children
    • Gower BA, Granger WM, Franklin F, et al.: Contribution of insulin secretion and clearance to glucose-induced insulin concentration in African-American and Caucasian children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:2218-2224.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 2218-2224
    • Gower, B.A.1    Granger, W.M.2    Franklin, F.3
  • 73
    • 0006060612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoreactive insulin, specific insulin, and proinsulin in African-American and Caucasian children
    • Gower BA, Goran MI: Immunoreactive insulin, specific insulin, and proinsulin in African-American and Caucasian children. Diabetes 2000, 49(suppl 1):A297.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Gower, B.A.1    Goran, M.I.2
  • 74
    • 0036086252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity of Caucasian and African American prepubertal children
    • Uwaifo GI, Nguyen TT, Keil MF, et al.: Differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity of Caucasian and African American prepubertal children. J Pediatr 2002, 140:673-680.
    • (2002) J Pediatr , vol.140 , pp. 673-680
    • Uwaifo, G.I.1    Nguyen, T.T.2    Keil, M.F.3
  • 75
    • 27744489007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of obesity in African-American children: Nature or nuture?
    • Danadian K, Lewy V, Arslanian SA: Risk of obesity in African-American children: nature or nuture? Diabetes 1999, 48(suppl 1):A310.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Danadian, K.1    Lewy, V.2    Arslanian, S.A.3
  • 76
    • 0035288156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-lipolytic effects of insulin in African American and white prepubertal children
    • Gower BA, Herd SL, Goran MI: Anti-lipolytic effects of insulin in African American and white prepubertal children. Obes Res 2001, 9:224-228.
    • (2001) Obes Res , vol.9 , pp. 224-228
    • Gower, B.A.1    Herd, S.L.2    Goran, M.I.3
  • 77
    • 0032853590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in black and white women with visceral obesity
    • Albu JB, Curi M, Shur S, et al.: Systemic resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in black and white women with visceral obesity. Am J Physiol 1999, 277:E551-E560.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Albu, J.B.1    Curi, M.2    Shur, S.3
  • 78
    • 0033503780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between African American and white girls in the insulin-like growth factor-1 and the binding proteins: Importance of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
    • Caprio S: Differences between African American and white girls in the insulin-like growth factor-1 and the binding proteins: importance of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Pediatr 1999, 135:270-271.
    • (1999) J Pediatr , vol.135 , pp. 270-271
    • Caprio, S.1
  • 79
    • 0035512070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study on pubertal insulin resistance
    • Goran MI, Gower BA: Longitudinal study on pubertal insulin resistance. Diabetes 2002, 50:2444-2450.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 2444-2450
    • Goran, M.I.1    Gower, B.A.2
  • 80
    • 0027375768 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the relation between insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in human subjects: Evidence for a hyperbolic function
    • Kahn SE, Prigeon RL, McCulloch DK, et al.: Quantification of the relation between insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in human subjects: evidence for a hyperbolic function. Diabetes 1993, 42:1663-1672.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1663-1672
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Prigeon, R.L.2    McCulloch, D.K.3
  • 81
    • 0028236791 scopus 로고
    • Effects of puberty and diabetes on metabolism of insulin-sensitive fuels
    • Caprio S, Cline G, Boulware S, et al.: Effects of puberty and diabetes on metabolism of insulin-sensitive fuels. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:E885-E891.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Caprio, S.1    Cline, G.2    Boulware, S.3
  • 82
    • 0008250832 scopus 로고
    • Clinical endocrinology of reproduction
    • Edited by Baulieu E-E, Kelly PA. Paris: Hermann
    • Yen S: Clinical endocrinology of reproduction. In Hormones: From molecules to disease. Edited by Baulieu E-E, Kelly PA. Paris: Hermann; 1990:445-488.
    • (1990) Hormones: From Molecules to Disease , pp. 445-488
    • Yen, S.1
  • 83
    • 0036614916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: Influence of hormone replacement
    • Munoz J, Derstine A, Gower BA: Fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone replacement. Obes Res 2002, 10:424-431.
    • (2002) Obes Res , vol.10 , pp. 424-431
    • Munoz, J.1    Derstine, A.2    Gower, B.A.3
  • 84
    • 0032168320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The route of estrogen replacement therapy confers divergent effects on substrate oxidation and body composition in postmenopausal women
    • O'SuIlivan AJ, Crampton LJ, Freund J, et al.: The route of estrogen replacement therapy confers divergent effects on substrate oxidation and body composition in postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 1998, 102:1035-1040.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 1035-1040
    • O'Suilivan, A.J.1    Crampton, L.J.2    Freund, J.3
  • 86
    • 0017607589 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of oestrogen and progesterone effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: Alteration in the insulin: Glucagon molar ratio and hepatic enzyme activity
    • Mandour T, Kissebah AH, Wynn V: Mechanism of oestrogen and progesterone effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: alteration in the insulin: glucagon molar ratio and hepatic enzyme activity. Eur J Clin Invest 1977, 7:181-187.
    • (1977) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.7 , pp. 181-187
    • Mandour, T.1    Kissebah, A.H.2    Wynn, V.3
  • 87
    • 0022878395 scopus 로고
    • Regulation by oestrogen of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in hepatic mitochondria
    • Weinstein I, Cook GA, Heimberg M: Regulation by oestrogen of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in hepatic mitochondria. Biochem J 1986, 237:593-596.
    • (1986) Biochem J , vol.237 , pp. 593-596
    • Weinstein, I.1    Cook, G.A.2    Heimberg, M.3
  • 88
    • 0032079626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- And maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal Study
    • Guo SS, Chumlea C, Roche AF, et al.: Age- and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Appl Radial Isot 1998, 49:581-585.
    • (1998) Appl Radial Isot , vol.49 , pp. 581-585
    • Guo, S.S.1    Chumlea, C.2    Roche, A.F.3
  • 89
    • 0032988738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of leptin concentrations during puberty: Sex differences and relation to changes in body composition
    • Ahmed ML, Ong KKL, Morrell DJ, et al.: Longitudinal study of leptin concentrations during puberty: sex differences and relation to changes in body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:899-905.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 899-905
    • Ahmed, M.L.1    Ong, K.K.L.2    Morrell, D.J.3
  • 90
    • 27744564001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in reproductive hormonal dynamics between African-American and Caucasian women
    • June 19. Bethesda, MD: The Endocrine Society Press
    • Marsh EE, Tiamfook T, Rado KB, et al.: Differences in reproductive hormonal dynamics between African-American and Caucasian women. The Endocrine Society Program and Abstracts 84th annual meeting, June 19, 2002. Bethesda, MD: The Endocrine Society Press; 2002:146.
    • (2002) The Endocrine Society Program and Abstracts 84th Annual Meeting , vol.2002 , pp. 146
    • Marsh, E.E.1    Tiamfook, T.2    Rado, K.B.3
  • 91
    • 0026783302 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormones during puberty: Racial (Black-White) differences in androstenedione and estradiol-the Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Richards RJ, Svec F, Bao W, et al.: Steroid hormones during puberty: racial (Black-White) differences in androstenedione and estradiol-the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 75:624-631.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 624-631
    • Richards, R.J.1    Svec, F.2    Bao, W.3
  • 92
    • 0030023381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The female "insulin advantage" in a biracial cohort: Results from the Miami Community Health Study
    • Donahue RP, Prineas RJ, Donahue RD, et al.: The female "insulin advantage" in a biracial cohort: results from the Miami Community Health Study. Int J Obes 1996, 20:76-82.
    • (1996) Int J Obes , vol.20 , pp. 76-82
    • Donahue, R.P.1    Prineas, R.J.2    Donahue, R.D.3
  • 93
    • 0032196533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between dietary fat, body fat, and serum lipid profile in prepubertal children
    • Ku C-Y, Gower BA, Nagy TR, et al.: Relationships between dietary fat, body fat, and serum lipid profile in prepubertal children. Obes Res 1998, 6:400-407.
    • (1998) Obes Res , vol.6 , pp. 400-407
    • Ku, C.-Y.1    Gower, B.A.2    Nagy, T.R.3
  • 94
    • 0034004704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
    • Lindquist CH, Gower BA, Goran MI: Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:725-732.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 725-732
    • Lindquist, C.H.1    Gower, B.A.2    Goran, M.I.3
  • 95
    • 0029121219 scopus 로고
    • The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls. NHLBI Growth and Health Study
    • Crawford PB, Obarzanek E, Schreiber GB, et al.: The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls. NHLBI Growth and Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 1995, 5:360-368.
    • (1995) Ann Epidemiol , vol.5 , pp. 360-368
    • Crawford, P.B.1    Obarzanek, E.2    Schreiber, G.B.3
  • 96
    • 0032907612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes risk factors in low-income Mexican-American children
    • Trevino RP, Marshall RM Jr, Hale DE, et al.: Diabetes risk factors in low-income Mexican-American children. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:202-207.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 202-207
    • Trevino, R.P.1    Marshall Jr., R.M.2    Hale, D.E.3
  • 97
    • 0028965092 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors among third grade children in four regions of the United States: The CATCH study. Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health
    • Webber LS, Osganian V, Luepker RV, et al.: Cardiovascular risk factors among third grade children in four regions of the United States: the CATCH study. Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 41:428-439.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.41 , pp. 428-439
    • Webber, L.S.1    Osganian, V.2    Luepker, R.V.3
  • 98
    • 0025241882 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of food group intakes by Mexican-American children
    • Murphy SP, Castillo RO, Martorell R, et al.: An evaluation of food group intakes by Mexican-American children. J Am Diet Assoc 1990, 90:388-393.
    • (1990) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.90 , pp. 388-393
    • Murphy, S.P.1    Castillo, R.O.2    Martorell, R.3
  • 99
    • 0033050670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns in child and adolescent consumption of fruit and vegetables: Effects of gender and ethnicity across four sites
    • Reynolds KD, Baranowski T, Bishop DB, et al.: Patterns in child and adolescent consumption of fruit and vegetables: effects of gender and ethnicity across four sites. JAMA 1999, 18:248-254.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.18 , pp. 248-254
    • Reynolds, K.D.1    Baranowski, T.2    Bishop, D.B.3
  • 100
    • 0024323116 scopus 로고
    • A multivariate model for assessing eating patterns and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Nicklas TA, Webber LS, Thompson B, et al.: A multivariate model for assessing eating patterns and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1989, 49:1320-1327.
    • (1989) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.49 , pp. 1320-1327
    • Nicklas, T.A.1    Webber, L.S.2    Thompson, B.3
  • 101
    • 0036518080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status
    • Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM: Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status. Obes Res 2002, 10:141-149.
    • (2002) Obes Res , vol.10 , pp. 141-149
    • Gordon-Larsen, P.1    Adair, L.S.2    Popkin, B.M.3
  • 102
    • 0036354811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary leisure habits in young adolescents: The Teens Eating and Nutrition at School study
    • Schmilz KH, Lytle LA, Phillips GA, et al.: Psychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary leisure habits in young adolescents: the Teens Eating and Nutrition at School study. Prev Med 2002, 34:266-278.
    • (2002) Prev Med , vol.34 , pp. 266-278
    • Schmilz, K.H.1    Lytle, L.A.2    Phillips, G.A.3
  • 103
    • 0037188853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2002
    • Grunbaum J, Kann L, Kinchen SA, et al.: Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2002. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 2002, 51:1-61.
    • (2002) MMWR CDC Surveill Summ , vol.51 , pp. 1-61
    • Grunbaum, J.1    Kann, L.2    Kinchen, S.A.3
  • 104
    • 0032565112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Andersen RE, Crespo CJ, Bartlett SJ, et al.: Relation of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 1998, 279:938-942.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 938-942
    • Andersen, R.E.1    Crespo, C.J.2    Bartlett, S.J.3
  • 105
    • 0032989557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pubertal African-American girls expend less energy at rest and during physical activity than Caucasian girls
    • Wong WW, Butte NF, Ellis KJ, et al.: Pubertal African-American girls expend less energy at rest and during physical activity than Caucasian girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 84:906-911.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 906-911
    • Wong, W.W.1    Butte, N.F.2    Ellis, K.J.3
  • 106
    • 0036197074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure in preadolescent African-American and white boys and girls: The Baton Rouge Children's Study
    • DeLany JP, Bray GA, Harsha DW, et al.: Energy expenditure in preadolescent African-American and white boys and girls: the Baton Rouge Children's Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 75:705-713.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.75 , pp. 705-713
    • Delany, J.P.1    Bray, G.A.2    Harsha, D.W.3
  • 107
    • 0031179014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting metabolic rate in African-American and Caucasian girls
    • Yanovski SZ, Reynolds JC, Boyle AJ, et al.: Resting metabolic rate in African-American and Caucasian girls. Obes Res 1997, 5:324-325.
    • (1997) Obes Res , vol.5 , pp. 324-325
    • Yanovski, S.Z.1    Reynolds, J.C.2    Boyle, A.J.3
  • 108
    • 0030377430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in resting energy expenditure in prepubertal black children and white children
    • Kaplan AS, Zemel BS, et at.: Differences in resting energy expenditure in prepubertal black children and white children. J Pediatr 1996, 129:643-647.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.129 , pp. 643-647
    • Kaplan, A.S.1    Zemel, B.S.2
  • 109
    • 0030357637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of resting energy expenditure in young black girls and young white girls
    • Morrison JA, Alfaro MP, Khoury P, et al.: Determinants of resting energy expenditure in young black girls and young white girls. J Pediatr 1996, 129:637-642.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.129 , pp. 637-642
    • Morrison, J.A.1    Alfaro, M.P.2    Khoury, P.3
  • 110
    • 0030637363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting energy expenditure in obese African American and Caucasian women
    • Foster GD, Wadden TA, Vogt RA: Resting energy expenditure in obese African American and Caucasian women. Obes Res 1997, 5:1-8.
    • (1997) Obes Res , vol.5 , pp. 1-8
    • Foster, G.D.1    Wadden, T.A.2    Vogt, R.A.3
  • 111
    • 0030839522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting metabolic rate in obese, premenopausal black women
    • Albu JB, Shur M, Curi M, et al.: Resting metabolic rate in obese, premenopausal black women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66:531-538.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.66 , pp. 531-538
    • Albu, J.B.1    Shur, M.2    Curi, M.3
  • 112
    • 0031890808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in resting metabolic rates of inactive obese African-American and Caucasian women
    • Forman JN, Miller WC, Szymanski LM, et al.: Differences in resting metabolic rates of inactive obese African-American and Caucasian women. Int J Obes 1998, 22:215-221.
    • (1998) Int J Obes , vol.22 , pp. 215-221
    • Forman, J.N.1    Miller, W.C.2    Szymanski, L.M.3
  • 113
    • 0033957207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in energy expenditure and aerobic fitness in premenopausal women
    • Hunter GR, Weinsier RL, Darnell BE, et al.: Racial differences in energy expenditure and aerobic fitness in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:500-506.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 500-506
    • Hunter, G.R.1    Weinsier, R.L.2    Darnell, B.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.