Swiss tunnel structures: Concrete damage by formation of thaumasite

Cement and Concrete Composites

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1111-1117

  Romer, M ^a   Holzer, L ^a   Pfiffner, M ^a  

^a SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Case studies; Concrete deterioration; Sulfate attack; Thaumasite; Tunnel structures

Indexed keywords

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; CORROSION; DETERIORATION; FAILURE ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER; RISK ASSESSMENT; TEXTURES;

THAUMASITE;

VEHICULAR TUNNELS;

EID: 0142166389     PISSN: 09589465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00141-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (28)

1. Wegmüller M, Chabot JD. Einflüsse des Bergwassers auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Bauwerken. Institut für Bauplanung und Baubetrieb IBB, ETH Zürich, 1997. p. 132.
2. Wegmüller MC. Einflüsse des Bergwassers auf Tiefbau/Tunnelbau. Stäubli AG, Zürich, 2001, p. 215.
3. St. John D.A., Poole A.B., Sims I. Concrete Petrography - A handbook of investigative techniques. 1998;Arnold Verlag, London.
4. Mehta P.K. Mechanism of sulfate attack on Portland cement concrete - another look. Cement Concrete Res. 13:1983;401-406.
5. Lawrence C.D. Sulfate attack on concrete. Mag. Concrete Res. 42(153):1990;249-264.
6. Cohen M.D., Mather B. Sulfate attack on concrete - research needs. ACI Mater. J. 88(1):1991;62-69.
7. Mehta P.K. Sulfate attack on concrete - A critical review. Skalny J. Materials Science in Concrete III. 1993;105-130 American Ceramic Society.
8. Hime W.G., Mather B. Sulfate attack, or is it? Cement Concrete Res. 29:1999;789-791.
9. Sibbick RG, Crammond NJ. Microscopical investigation into recent field examples of the thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA). In: Proceedings of the 8th Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials, Athens, Greece, 2001. p. 261-9.
10. Hagelia P, Sibbick RG, Crammond NJ, Grønhaug A, Larsen CK. Thaumasite and subsequent secondary calcite deposition in sprayed concretes in contact with sulfate bearing alum shale, Oslo, Norway. In: Proceedings of the 8th Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials, Athens, Greece, 2001. p. 131-8.
11. Santhanam M., Cohen M.D., Olek J. Sulfate attack research - whither now? Cement Concrete Res. 31:2001;845-851.
12. Bickley JA, Hemmings RT, Hooton RD, Balinsky J. Thaumasite related deterioration of concrete structures. In: Proceedings of Concrete Technology: Past, Present and Future ACI SP: 144-8, 1995. p. 159-75.
13. Crammond NJ, Halliwell MA. Assessment of conditions required for the thaumasite form of sulfate attack. In: Scrivener KL, Young JF, editors. Mechanisms of Chemical Degradation of Cement-Based Systems, London, 1997. p. 193-200.
14. Romer M., Lienemann P. Versalzung und Korrosion von Spritzbeton (Sicherheitsstollen des Gotthard-Strassentunnels). Chimia. 52:1998;197-201.
15. Romer M. Chemische Interaktion von Bergwasser mit Beton. In: Löw A, Wyss R, editors. Vorerkundung und Prognose der Basistunnels am Gotthard und am Lötschberg, Tagungsband zum Symposium Geologie AlpTransit. Rotterdam, Zürich: AA. Balkema; 1999. p. 279-89.
16. Holzer L, Romer M. Corrosion of concrete: assessing the mechanisms. In: Pietersen HS, Larbi JA, Janssen HA, editors. 7th Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials. Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft, NL, 1999. p. 67-79.
17. Romer M, Holzer L, Pfiffner M. Interaction of water with concrete: Deterioration Mechanisms. Consec' 01. Vancouver, 2001. p. 1075-82.
18. Diamond S. Concrete pore solutions. Cement Concrete Res. 11:1981;383-392.
19. Trägardh J., Lagerblad B. Leaching of 90-year old concrete mortar in contact with stagnant water. 1998;SKB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, Stockholm, Sweden.
20. Andac M., Glasser F.P. Long-term leaching mechanisms of Portland cement-stabilized municipal solid waste fly ash in carbonated water. Cement Concrete Res. 29:1999;179-186.
21. Steinour H.H. C-S-H-stability and pore solution chemistry. 3rd ISCC. 1954;261-270.
22. Famy C., Taylor H.F.W. Ettringite in hydration of Portland cement concrete and its occurrence in mature concretes. ACI Mater. J. 98:2001;350-356.
23. Bensted J. Mechanism of thaumasite sulphate attack in cements, mortars and concretes. ZKG Int. Zem. Kalk Gips. 53:2000;704-709.
24. Grijalvo JA, Blanco-Varela MT, Maroto FP, Sanchez AP, Moreno TV. Thaumasite formation in hydraulic mortars and concretes. In: Malhotra VM, editor. Durability of Concrete, Proceedings of 5th International Conference, vol. II, Barcelona, Spain, 2000. p. 1173-92.
25. Diamond S. Cement paste microstructure. Hydraulic cement pastes: their structure and properties - an overview at several levels. Cement and Concrete Association, Slough, UK, Sheffield, 1976. p. 2-30.
26. Stark J, Wicht B. Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde FIB, Weimar, 1995.
27. Barnett S.J., Macphee D.E., Crammond N.J. Solid solutions between thaumasite and ettringite and their role in sulfate attack. Concrete Sci. Eng. 3:2001;209-215.
28. Hartshorn S.A., Sharp J.H., Swamy R.N. Thaumasite formation in Portland-limestone cement pastes. Cement Concrete Res. 29:1999;1331-1340.