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Solin P, Kaye DM, Little PJ, et al.: Impact of sleep apnea on sympathetic activity in heart failure. Chest 2003, 123:1119-1126. This is the first study to compare sympathetic activity (measured by overnight urinary norepinephrine) in normal subjects, patients with OSA, and patients with CHF and varying degrees of CHF. Importantly CHF contributes to sympathetic activity to a greater degree than does OSA.
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