Beyond Coalitions of the Willing: Assessing U.S. Multilateralism

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 37-54

  Patrick, Stewart ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0142093449     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00417.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Robert W. Tucker, “Alone or With Others,” Foreign Affairs 78 (November/December 1999), pp. 15–20.
2. For a recent survey, with case studies, see Stewart Patrick and Shepard Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: Ambivalent Engagement (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2002).
3. P. J. Simmons and Chantal de Jonge Oudraat, eds., Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001).
4. Thomas Franck, The Power of Legitimacy among Nations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
5. Robert Dole, “Shaping America's Global Future,” Foreign Policy 98 (Spring 1995), p. 36.
6. Stephen S. Rosenfeld, “American Power Plays,” Washington Post, December 26, 1997, p. A29.
7. Condoleezza Rice, “Promoting the National Interest,” Foreign Affairs 79 (January/February 2000), pp. 45–62.
8. Thom Shanker, “White House Says the U.S. Is Not a Loner, Just Choosy,” New York Times, July 31, 2001, p. A1.
9. Stewart Patrick, “Don't Fence Me In: The Perils of Going it Alone,” World Policy Journal 18 (Fall 2001), pp. 2–14.
10. According to former president George H. W. Bush, the attacks erased “the concept … that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism, or in anything else for that matter.” William Drozdiak, “Crisis Forces Shift in Policy As Bush Assembles Coalition,” Washington Post, September 17, 2001, p. A9.
11. See also Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
12. Charles Krauthammer, “Unilateral? Yes, Indeed,” Washington Post, December 14, 2001, p. A45
13. Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay, “Unilateralism is Alive and Well in Washington,” International Herald Tribune, December 21, 2001.
14. Christopher Patten, “Jaw-Jaw, not War-War: Military Success in Afghanistan Has Encouraged the US To Ignore European Doubts about Confronting the ‘Axis of Evil,’” Financial Times, February 15, 2002, p. 16
15. Steven Erlanger, “Europe Seethes as the U.S. Flies Solo in World Affairs,” New York Times, February 23, 2002, p. A8.
16. Norman Podhoretz,“In Praise of the Bush Doctrine,” Commentary 114 (September 2002), pp. 19–28.
17. See also “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America September 2002” available at www. whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf.
18. John Gerard Ruggie, “Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution,” in John Gerard Ruggie, ed., Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), pp. 3–47.
19. Charles Krauthammer dismisses the U.S.-led Gulf War coalition as a case of “pseudo-multilateralism” in “The Unipolar Moment,” Foreign Affairs 70 (Winter 1990/1991), pp. 23–33.
20. Robert H. Jackson, “The Political Theory of International Society,” in Ken Booth and Steve Smith, eds., International Relations Theory Today (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995), pp. 110–128.
21. Quoted in Peter Slevin, “U.S. Backs Rules Against Arms Spread,” Washington Post, January 25, 2002, p.A15.
22. Hedley Bull, “Society and Anarchy in International Relations,” in Herbert Butterfield and M. Wight, eds., Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966), pp. 35–50.
23. See Thomas W. Pogge, ed., Global Justice (London: Blackwell, 2001).
24. Joseph M. Grieco,“Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism,” International Organization 42, no. 3 (1988), pp. 485–507.
25. Andrew Linklater, Men and Citizens in the Theory of International Relations (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 1982), pp. 80–96.
26. Kanti Bajpai, “U.S. Nonproliferation Policy after the Cold War,” in David Malone and Yuen Foong Khong, eds., Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: International Perspectives (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2003), pp. 217–247.
27. John Burgess,“Clinton's Remarks on Sanctions Open Rift,” Washington Post, December 3, 1999, p. A30.
28. Thomas Graham and Damien LaVera, “Nuclear Weapons: The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and National Missile Defense,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 225–245.
29. David E. Sanger,“U.S. Goal Seems Clear, And the Team Complete,” New York Times, February 13, 2002, p. A18.
30. Peter J. Spiro, “The New Sovereigntists: American Exceptionalism and Its False Prophets,” Foreign Affairs 79 (November/December 2000), pp. 9–15.
31. John R. Bolton,“Should We Take Global Governance Seriously?” (paper presented at the American Enterprise Institute conference, “Trends in Global Governance: Do They Threaten American Sovereignty?” Washington, D.C., April 4–5, 2000).
32. Barbara Crossette, “Helms, in Visit to U.N., Offers Harsh Message,” New York Times, January 21, 2000, p. A1.
33. Edward C. Luck, “The United States, International Organizations, and the Quest for Legitimacy,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 47–74.
34. Andrew Moravcsik,“Why Is U.S. Human Rights Policy So Unilateralist?” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 345–376.
35. Bartram S. Brown, “Unilateralism, Multilateralism, and the International Criminal Court,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 323–344.
36. John R. Bolton, “Address” (speech given at the UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, New York, N.Y., July 9, 2001); available at www.un.int/usa/01_104.htm.
37. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London: Macmillan, 1977).
38. On the “compliance pull” of international rules, see Franck, The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations.
39. Quoted in David E. Sanger, “Another Bush's ‘Vision Thing,’” New York Times, January 20, 2002, sec. 4, p. 3.
40. Kimberly Ann Elliott and Gary Clyde Hufbauer, “Ambivalent Multilateralism and the Emerging Backlash: The IMF and the WTO,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 408.
41. Wolfgang Reinicke, Global Public Policy: Governing without Government? (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1997).
42. See Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc Stern, eds., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
43. David R. Mapel, “The Contractarian Tradition and International Ethics,” in Terry Nardin and David R. Mapel, eds., Traditions of International Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 180–200.
44. Amartya Sen, “Global Justice: Beyond International Equity,” in Kaul, Grunberg, and Stern, eds., Global Public Goods, p. 116.
45. Ruth Wedgwood,“Unilateral Action in a Multilateral World,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 167–189.
46. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001).
47. Joseph Kahn,“Treasury Chief Accuses World Bank of Harming Poor Countries,” New York Times, February 21, 2002, p. A11.
48. Dorothy V. Jones, “The Declaratory Tradition in Modern International Law,” in Nardin and Mapel, eds., Traditions of International Ethics, pp. 42–61.
49. W. Michael Reisman, “Unilateral Action and the Transformations of the World Constitutive Process: The Special Problem of Humanitarian Intervention,” European Journal of International Law 11, no. 1 (2000), pp. 3–18.
50. Lea Brilmayer, American Hegemony: Political Morality in a One-Superpower World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 26.
51. Robert B. Zoellick, “A Republican Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs 79 (January/February 2000), pp. 63–78
52. W. Michael Reisman,“The United States and International Institutions,” Survival 41 (Winter 1999/2000), pp. 70–72.
53. Peter Malanczuk,“The International Criminal Court and Landmines: What Are the Consequences of Leaving the U.S. Behind?” European Journal of International Law 11, no. 1 (2000), p. 5.
54. Neil A. Lewis, “U.S. Is Set to Renounce Its Role in Pact for World Tribunal,” New York Times, May 5, 2002, sec. 1, p. 18.
55. On the “binding” value of international institutions, see G. John Ikenberry, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
56. Nico Krisch, “Weak as Constraint, Strong as Tool: The Place of Law in U.S. Foreign Policy,” in Malone and Khong, eds., Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 62.
57. Amy E. Smithson, “Chemical Weapons,” in Patrick and Forman, eds., Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 247–265.
58. Serge Schmemann, “U.S. Links Peacekeeping to Immunity From New Court,” New York Times, June 19, 2002, p. A3.
59. “National Security Strategy,” pp. 3, 21, 25.