Low-frequency variability of the Mediterranean undercurrent downstream of Portimão Canyon

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2003, Pages

  Chérubin, Laurent M ^a   Serra, Nuno ^a   Ambar, Isabel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Instability; Mediterranean outflow; Topographic Rossby waves; Variability

Indexed keywords

COASTAL CURRENT; MESOSCALE EDDY; OUTFLOW; ROSSBY WAVE; UNDERCURRENT;

MEDITERRANEAN SEA; STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR;

EID: 0142092291     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001jc001229     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ambar, I., and M. R. Howe, Observations of the Mediterranean outflow, II, The deep circulation in the vicinity of the Gulf of Cadiz, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 26, 555-568, 1979.
2. Ambar, I., L. Armi, A. Bower, and T. Ferreira, Some aspects of time variability of the Mediterranean Water off south Portugal, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 46, 1109-1136, 1999.
3. Armi, L., and D. Farmer, The internal hydraulics of the Strait of Gibraltar and associated sills and narrows, Oceanol. Acta, 8(1), 37-46, 1985.
4. Baey, J. M., D. Renouard, and G. C. D'Hières, Preliminary results about the stability of an intermediate water current, Deep Sea Res., 42, 2063-2073, 1995.
5. Bormans, M., and C. Garrett, The effect of rotation on the surface inflow into the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1535-1542, 1991a.
6. Bormans, M., and C. Garrett, The effects of nonrectangular cross-section, friction, and barotropic fluctuations on the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 19, 1543-1557, 1991b.
7. Bower, A. S., L. Armi, and I. Ambar, Direct evidence of Meddy formation off the southwestern coast of Portugal, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 1621-1630, 1995.
8. Bower, A. S., J. Pallant, and C. L. Chandler, A Mediterranean seeding experiment (AMUSE), I, Program description and hydrographic measurements, WHOI Tech. Memo. WHOI-01, 14 pp., Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, N. Y., 1997a.
9. Bower, A., L. Armi, and I. Ambar, Lagrangian observations of Meddy formation during a Mediterranean undercurrent seeding experiment, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2545-2575, 1997b.
10. Brink, K. H., and D. C. Chapman, Programs for computing properties of coastal-trapped waves and wind-driven motions over the continental shelf and slope, 2nd ed., Tech. Rep. WHOI-87-24, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., N. Y., 1987.
11. Bryden, H. L., and T. H. Kinder, Steady two-layer exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, Deep Sea Res., 38, Suppl. 1, S445-S463, 1991.
12. Bryden, H. L., and H. Stommel, Limiting processes that determine basic features of the circulation in the Mediterranean Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 7, 289-296, 1984.
13. Candela, J., C. D. Winant, and A. Ruiz, Tides in the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7313-7335, 1990.
14. Carton, X., L. Chérubin, J. Paillet, Y. Morel, A. Serpette, and B. Le Cann, Meddy coupling with a deep cyclone in the Gulf of Cadiz, J. Mar. Sys., 32, 13-42, 2002.
15. Charney, J. G., and M. E. Stern, On the instability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 159-172, 1962.
16. Chérubin, L., et al., Descriptive analysis of the hydrology and currents on the Iberian shelf from Gibraltar to Cape Finisterre: Preliminary results from the Semane and Interafos experiments, Ann. Hydrol., 21(768), 5-70, 1997.
17. Chérubin, L. M., X. Carton, J. Paillet, Y. Morel, and A. Serpette, Instability of the Mediterranean water undercurrents southwest of Portugal: Effects of baroclinicity and of topography, Oceanol. Acta, 23, 551-573, 2000.
18. Church, J. A., H. J. Freeland, and R. L. Smith, Coastal-trapped waves on the East Australian continental shelf, I, Propagation of modes, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1929-1943, 1986.
19. Clarke, A. J., Observational and numerical evidence for wind-forced coastal trapped long waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 231-247, 1977.
20. Crépon, M., Influence de la pression atmosphérique sur le niveau moyen de la Méditerranée occidentale et sur le flux à travers le détroit de Gibraltar, Cah. Oceanogr., 17, 15-32, 1965.
21. Farmer, D. M., and L. Armi, Maximum two-layer exchange over a sill through a combination of a sill and a contraction with barotropic flow, J. Fluid Mech., 164, 53-76, 1986.
22. Garrett, C., M. Bormans, and K. Thompson, Is the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar maximal or sabmaximal?, in The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, edited by L. J. Pratt, NATO ASI, Ser. C., 318, 271-294, 1990.
23. Gründlingh, M. L., On the observation of a solitary event in the Mediterranean outflow west of Gibraltar, Meteor Forschungsergeb., Reihe A/B, 23, 15-46, 1981.
24. Hopkins, T. S., The effect of thermohaline variability on the exchange through Mediterranean Straits, in Atti dell'8ngresso della Associazione Italiana di Oceanologia e Limnologia, edited by D. Bregant and G. P. Fanzutti, pp. 3-24, Assoc. Ital. di Oceanol. e Limnol., Triestre; Italy, 1990.
25. Hopkins, T. S., The thermohaline forcing of the Gibraltar exchange, J. Mar. Syst., 20, 1-31, 1999.
26. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. MacIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 877-946, 1985.
27. Huthnance, J. M., On trapped waves over a continental shelf, J. Fluid Mech., 69, 689-704, 1975.
28. Huthnance, J. M., On coastal trapped waves: Analysis and numerical calculation by inverse iteration, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 74-92, 1978.
29. Ikeda, M., Linear instability of a current flowing along a bottom slope using a three-layer model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 208-223, 1983.
30. Kay, S. M., Modern Spectral Estimation, Prentice-Hall, Old Tappan, N. J., 1988.
31. Lacombe, H., Contribution à l'étude du régime du détroit de Gibraltar, I, Etude dynamique, Cah, Oceanogr., 13, 73-107, 1961.
32. Lacombe, H., P. Tchernia, C. Richez, and L. Gamberoni, Deuxième contribution à l'étude du régime du Détroit de Gibraltar (Travaux de 1960), Cah. Oceanogr., 16, 283-327, 1964.
33. La Violette, P. E., and H. Lacombe, Tidal-induced pulses in the flow through the Strait of Gibraltar, Oceanol. Acta, 13-27, 1988.
34. La Violette, P. E., and G. M. R. Manzella, The seasonal variation of water mass content in the western Mediterranean and its relationship with the inflows through the Straits of Gibraltar and Sicily, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1623-1626, 1990.
35. LeBlond, P. H., and L. A. Mysak, Trapped coastal waves and their role in shelf dynamics, in The Sea, edited by E. D. Goldberg et al., pp. 459-495, Wiley-Intersci., New York, 1977.
36. LeBlond, P. H., and L. A. Mysak, Waves in the Ocean, 602 pp., Elsevier Sci., New York, 1978.
37. Louis, J., B. Petrie, and P. Smith, Observations of topographic Rossby waves on the continental margin off Nova Scotia, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 47-55, 1982.
38. Madelain, F., Influence de la topographie du fond sur l'écoulement Méditerranéen entre le détroit de Gibraltar et le Cap Saint-Vincent, Cah. Oceanogr., 22, 43-61, 1970.
39. Manzella, G. M. R., G. P. Gasparini, and M. Astraldi, Water exchange between the eastern and western Mediterranean through the Strait of Sicily, Deep Sea Res., 35, 1021-1035, 1988.
40. McIntyre, M. E., On the non-separable baroclinic parallel flow instability problem, J. Fluid Mech., 40, 273-306, 1970.
41. Meacham, S. P., and J. C. Stephens, Instability of gravity currents along a slope, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 30-53, 2001.
42. Meincke, J., G. Siedler, and W. Zenk, Some current observations near the continental slope off Portugal, Meteor Forschungsergeb., Reihe A, 16, 15-22, 1975.
43. Mooers, C. N. K., and R. L. Smith, Continental shelf waves of Oregon, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 549-557, 1968.
44. Morel, Y., and J. McWilliams, Effects of isopycnal and diapycnal mixing on the stability of oceanic currents, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2280-2296, 2002.
45. Mysak, L. A., On the theory of continental shelf waves, J. Mar. Res., 25, 205-227, 1967.
46. Mysak, L. A., and B. V. Hamon, Low frequency sea level behavior and continental shelf waves off North Carolina, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 1397-1405, 1969.
47. Mysak, L. A., E. R. Johnson, and W. W. Hsieh, Baroclinic and barotropic instabilites of coastal currents, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 209-230, 1981.
48. Pedlosky, J., Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, second Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987.
49. Prater, M. D., and T. B. Sanford, A meddy off Cape St. Vincent, I, Description, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1572-1586, 1994.
50. Rossby, C. G., On the propagation of frequencies and energy in certain types of oceanic and atmospheric waves, J. Meteorol., 2, 187-204, 1945.
51. Rossby, T., D. Dorson, and J. Fontaine, The RAFOS System, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 672-679, 1986.
52. Sadoux, S., J. M. Baey, A. Fincham, and D. Renouard, Experimental study of the stability of an intermediate current and its interaction with a cape, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 31, 165-192, 2000.
53. Serra, N., and I. Ambar, Eddy generation in the Mediterranean undercurrent, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 4207-4223, 2002.
54. Serra, N., S. Sadoux, I. Ambar, and D. Renouard, Observations and laboratory modeling of meddy generation at Cape St. Vincent, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3-25, 2002.
55. Stanton, B. R., Low frequency variability in the Mediterranean outflow west of Gibraltar, Deep Sea Res., 30, 743-761, 1983.
56. Thompson, R. O. R. Y., and J. Luyten, Evidence for bottom trapped topographic Rossby waves from single moorings, Deep Sea Res., 23, 629-635, 1976.
57. Thorpe, S. A., Variability of the Mediterranean undercurrent in the Gulf of Cadiz, Deep Sea Res., 23, 711-727, 1976.
58. Veronis, G., Rossby waves with bottom topography, J. Mar. Res., 24, 338-348, 1966.
59. Welch, P. D., The use of Fast Fourier Transform for the estimation of Power Spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms, IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust., AU-15, 70-73, 1967.
60. Zenk, W., On the temperature and salinity structure of the Mediterranean water in the Northeast Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., 17, 627-631, 1970.
61. Zenk, W., On the Mediterranean outflow west of Gibraltar, Meteor Forschungsergeb., Reihe A, 16, 15-22, 1975.