Trends in risk assessment of chemicals in the European Union

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 1825-1843

  Bodar, Charles ^a   De Bruijn, Jack ^b   Vermeire, Theo ^a   Van Der Zandt, Peter ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

^b JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Chemicals; European Union; Risk assessment; Risk management

Indexed keywords

EID: 0142070296     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/20028091056881     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allanou R, Hansen BG, and Van der Bilt Y. 2000. Public Availability of Data on EU High Production Volume Chemicals. European Chemicals Bureau (ECB). IHCP/JRC, Ispra, Italy. Available at http://ccb.jrc.it
2. Barnthouse LW. 1993. Ecological risk assessment and the National Research Council. In: Bender ES and Jones FA (eds), Applications of Ecological Risk Assessment to Hazardous Waste Site Remediation. Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, USA
3. Barnthouse LW and Suter II GW. 1986. Users Manual for Ecological Risk Assessment. ORNL-6251. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
4. Bodar CWM, Berthault F, De Bruijn JHM et al. 2002. Evaluation of EU Risk Assessments Existing Chemicals (EC Regulation 793/93). Report No. 601504002. National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
5. EC (European Commission). 1976. Council Directive 76/769/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 262, p 201
6. EC (European Commission). 1979. Council Directive of 18 September 1979 amending for the sixth time Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (79/831/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities L259
7. EC (European Commission). 1992. Council Directive of 30 April 1992 amending for the seventh time Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (92/93/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities L154
8. EC (European Commission). 1993a. Council Regulation 793/93/EEC of March 1993 on the evaluation and control of risks of existing substances. Official Journal of the European Communities, L48/1
9. EC (European Commission). 1993b. Commission Directive 93/67 EEC of 20 July 1993, laying down the principles for the assessment of risks to man and the environment of substances notified in accordance with Council Directive 67/548/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities L227
10. EC (European Commission). 1994. Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 of 28 June 1994, laying down the principles for the assessment of risks to man and the environment of existing substances in accordance with Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93. Official Journal of the European Communities L161
11. EC (European Commission). 1996a. Technical Guidance Document in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances, Part I. Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
12. EC (European Commission). 1996b. Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 257, 10.1.1996, p. 26
13. EC (European Commission). 1996c. EUSES, the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances. National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Available through the European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy
14. EC (European Commission). 1998a. Technical Guidance Document on development of risk reduction strategies. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
15. EC (European Commission). 1998b. Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg
16. EC (European Commission). 1999. European Union Risk Assessment Report, Dibutylphthalate. European Chemicals Bureau, Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy. Draft May 1999, prepared by The Netherlands' rapporteur
17. EC (European Commission). 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1)
18. EC (European Commission). 2001. Commission Recommendation of 7 November 2001 on the results of the risk evaluation and risk reduction strategies for the substances: acrylaldehyde; dimethyl sulphate; nonylphenol phenol, 4-nonyl-, branched; tert-butyl methyl ether. Official Journal of the European Communities L139, 4.12.2001
19. ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2001. ECB Newsletter. Volume of December 2001. Available at http://ecb.jrc.it
20. ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2002a. Revised EU Technical Guidance Document. Draft of May 2002. IHCP/JRC, Ispra, Italy
21. ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2002b. ECB website. Section on New Chemicals. Available at http://ecb.jrc.it
22. ECVAM (European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods). 2002. Alternative (non-animal) methods for chemical testing: current status and future prospects. Final draft May 2002. IHCP/JRC, Ispra, Italy
23. FAO/WHO (World Health Organization). 1997. Risk Management and Food Safety. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, 27-31 January 1997, Rome, Italy. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 65
24. Hansen BG, Van Haelst A, Van Leeuwen CJ, et al. 1999. Priority setting for existing chemicals: The European Union Risk Ranking Method. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:772-9
25. Heyvaert V. 1999. Reconceptualizing risk assessment. Reciel 8 (2):135-43
26. Jager T, Den Hollander H, Van der Poel P, et al. 2001. Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of dibutylphthalate (DBP). Human Ecol Risk Assess 7(6):1681-97
27. NRC (U.S. National Research Council). 1983. Risk assessment in the federal government: Managing the process. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA
28. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 1992. Report of the OECD Workshop on the Extrapolation of Laboratory Aquatic Toxicity Data to the Real Environment. OECD Environment Monographs 59. Paris, France
29. Power M and McCarty LS. 1998. A comparative analysis of environmental risk assessment/risk management frameworks. Environ Sci Technol 32:224A-31A
30. Sijm D, Hulzebos E, and Peijnenburg W. 1999. Estimating the PTB-profile. Report No. 601503016. National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
31. UN (United Nations). 1992. Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic Chemicals Including Prevention of Illegal International Traffic in Toxic and Dangerous Products. Agenda 21, chapter 19. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
32. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-92/001. Washington, DC, USA
33. Van der Zandt PTJ and Van Leeuwen CJ. 1992. A Proposal for Priority Setting of Existing Chemical Substances (IPS). VROM report 92408/b/9-92 1501/033. Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, The Hague, The Netherlands
34. Van Leeuwen CJ, Bro-Rasmussen F, Feijtel TCJ et al. 1996. Risk assessment and management of new and existing chemicals. Env Toxicol Pharmacol 2:243-299
35. Vermeire T, Bos P, Van Haelst A., et al. 1999. Report of the Joint EU/RIVM/TNO Workshop on Interpretations of Margins of Safety in Human Health Risk Assessment, 21-22 April, 1999. R1VM/TNO, The Netherlands
36. Vermeire T, Jager T, Janssen G, et al. 2001. A probabilistic human health risk assessment for environmental exposure to dibutylphthalate. Human Ecol Risk Assess 7(6):1663-79
37. White Paper. 2001. White Paper Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy. European Commission. COM (2001) 88-C5-0258/2001. Brussels, Belgium