메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 495-545

History of Rangeland Monitoring in the U.S.A

Author keywords

Ecological Integrity; Range Condition; Rangeland Health; Trends In Condition

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; RANGELAND;

EID: 0142036218     PISSN: 15324982     EISSN: 15324990     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713936110     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (247)
  • 2
    • 85012469669 scopus 로고
    • A national multiresource inventory system: Possibilities problems and progress
    • H. G. Lund, V. J. LeBau, P. F. Folliott, and D. W. Robinson, USDA. Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-56. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Expt. Sta., Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Aldrich, R. C. 1978. A national multiresource inventory system: Possibilities problems and progress, pp. 474-480, in H. G. Lund, V. J. LeBau, P. F. Folliott, and D. W. Robinson, technical coordinators, Integrated inventories of renewable natural resources, Proceedings of the Workshop. USDA. Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-56. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Expt. Sta., Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1978) Technical Coordinators, Integrated Inventories of Renewable Natural Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop , pp. 474-480
    • Aldrich, R.C.1
  • 3
    • 0035202401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale changes in plant species abundance and biodiversity of a sagebrush steppe over 45 years
    • Anderson, J. F., and R. S. Inouye. 2001. Landscape-scale changes in plant species abundance and biodiversity of a sagebrush steppe over 45 years. Ecological Monographs 71:531-556.
    • (2001) Ecological Monographs , vol.71 , pp. 531-556
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Inouye, R.S.2
  • 4
    • 0002305671 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem-level processes
    • R. K. Heitschmidt and J. W. Stuth, eds., Timber Press, Portland, Oregon
    • Archer, S., and F. E. Smeins. 1991. Ecosystem-level processes, pp. 109-140, in R. K. Heitschmidt and J. W. Stuth, eds., Grazing management: An ecological perspective. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
    • (1991) Grazing Management: An Ecological Perspective , pp. 109-140
    • Archer, S.1    Smeins, F.E.2
  • 6
    • 0001658882 scopus 로고
    • An examination of the carrying capacity concept
    • R. H. Behnke Jr., I. Scoones and C. Kerven, eds., Overseas Development Institution, London, U.K
    • Bartels, G. B., B. E. Norton, and G. K. Perrier. 1993. An examination of the carrying capacity concept, pp. 89-103, in R. H. Behnke Jr., I. Scoones and C. Kerven, eds., Range ecology at disequilibrium. Overseas Development Institution, London, U.K.
    • (1993) Range Ecology at Disequilibrium , pp. 89-103
    • Bartels, G.B.1    Norton, B.E.2    Perrier, G.K.3
  • 10
    • 85012470766 scopus 로고
    • Nevada, Bureau of Land Management, Reno, Nevada. (Mimeographed)
    • BLM. 1975a. Range condition report, National Resource Lands, Nevada, Bureau of Land Management, Reno, Nevada. (Mimeographed).
    • (1975) Range Condition Report, National Resource Lands
  • 12
    • 0142151372 scopus 로고
    • BLM Technical Reference 4400-1. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado
    • BLM, 1984a. Rangeland monitoring: Planning for monitoring. BLM Technical Reference 4400-1. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1984) Rangeland Monitoring: Planning for Monitoring
  • 15
    • 0142244537 scopus 로고
    • TR-4400-4. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado
    • BLM. 1985a. Rangeland monitoring: Trend studies. TR-4400-4. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1985) Rangeland Monitoring: Trend Studies
  • 20
    • 0003863394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interagency technical report, BLM RS/ST-96/002 þ 1730. National Applied Resources Science Center, Denver, Colorado
    • BLM. 1996. Sampling vegetation attributes. An interagency technical report, BLM RS/ST-96/002 þ 1730. National Applied Resources Science Center, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1996) Sampling Vegetation Attributes
  • 21
    • 0142244504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook H-4180-1. USDI, BLM, Washington, DC
    • BLM. 2001. Rangeland health standards. Handbook H-4180-1. USDI, BLM, Washington, DC.
    • (2001) Rangeland Health Standards
  • 22
    • 0142244536 scopus 로고
    • Bureau of Land Management Manual 4412. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado
    • BLM-SVIM. 1979. Physical resource studies: Soil vegetation inventory method. Bureau of Land Management Manual 4412. BLM Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1979) Physical Resource Studies: Soil Vegetation Inventory Method
  • 23
    • 85012470324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC report. Trail Boss News March 2003. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado
    • Boe, D. 2003. Washington, DC report. Trail Boss News March 2003. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado.
    • (2003)
    • Boe, D.1
  • 25
    • 0036776026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological sites: Understanding the landscape
    • Boltz, S., and G. Peacock. 2002. Ecological sites: understanding the landscape. Rangelands 24(5):18-21.
    • (2002) Rangelands , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 18-21
    • Boltz, S.1    Peacock, G.2
  • 26
    • 0031864775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-tip sagebrush steppe response to longterm seasonal sheep grazing
    • Bork, E. W., N. E. West, and J. W. Walker. 1998. Three-tip sagebrush steppe response to longterm seasonal sheep grazing. Journal of Range Management 51:293-300.
    • (1998) Journal of Range Management , vol.51 , pp. 293-300
    • Bork, E.W.1    West, N.E.2    Walker, J.W.3
  • 27
    • 0142151399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On understanding and iteration
    • Box, T. W. 2002. On understanding and iteration. Rangelands 24:48-49.
    • (2002) Rangelands , vol.24 , pp. 48-49
    • Box, T.W.1
  • 30
    • 0031474662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management: Can it succeed?
    • Burnside, D., and A. Rasmussen. 1997. Ecosystem management: can it succeed? Rangelands 19(2):20-24.
    • (1997) Rangelands , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 20-24
    • Burnside, D.1    Rasmussen, A.2
  • 34
    • 85012511411 scopus 로고
    • Report prepared by the Committee on Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management (CDSRM). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • CDSRM. 1984. Developing strategies for rangeland management. Report prepared by the Committee on Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management (CDSRM). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1984) Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management
  • 36
    • 0142213531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest inventory and analysis (FIA) variables: Indicators of ecological integrity?
    • USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-OTR-284. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Chojnacky, D. C. 1996. Forest inventory and analysis (FIA) variables: Indicators of ecological integrity? pp. 247-258, in North American workshop on monitoring for ecological assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-OTR-284. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1996) North American Workshop on Monitoring for Ecological Assessment of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems , pp. 247-258
    • Chojnacky, D.C.1
  • 37
    • 0003523629 scopus 로고
    • Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, DC
    • Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession. Publ. 242. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, DC.
    • (1916) Plant Succession. Publ. 242
    • Clements, F.E.1
  • 39
    • 0002042658 scopus 로고
    • The relict method in dynamic ecology
    • Clements, F. E. 1934. The relict method in dynamic ecology. Journal of Ecology 22:39-68.
    • (1934) Journal of Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 39-68
    • Clements, F.E.1
  • 43
    • 85012553906 scopus 로고
    • Application of ecology to range management
    • Costello, D. F. 1957. Application of ecology to range management. Ecology 38:49-53.
    • (1957) Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 49-53
    • Costello, D.F.1
  • 47
    • 0002974048 scopus 로고
    • The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan
    • Cowles, H. C. 1899. The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Botanical Gazette 27:95-117.
    • (1899) Botanical Gazette , vol.27 , pp. 95-117
    • Cowles, H.C.1
  • 50
    • 85012487597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological dynamics on Yellowstone’s northern range. National Academy Press. Washington, DC
    • CUMYNP. 2002. Committee on Ungulate Management of Yellowstone’s Northern Range. Ecological dynamics on Yellowstone’s northern range. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
    • (2002) Committee on Ungulate Management of Yellowstone’s Northern Range
  • 52
    • 0003789745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-295. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Dahms, C. W., and B. W. Geils, technical eds. 1997. An assessment of forest ecosystem health in the Southwest. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-GTR-295. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1997) An Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Health in the Southwest
    • Dahms, C.W.1    Geils, B.W.2
  • 53
    • 0008221176 scopus 로고
    • The roots of a concept
    • D. F. Ferguson, P. Morgan, and F. C. Johnson, USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep INT-257. Intermountain Forest Research Station, Ogden, Utah
    • Daubenmire, R. F. 1989. The roots of a concept, pp. 3-6, in D. F. Ferguson, P. Morgan, and F. C. Johnson, comp., Proceedings, land classifications based on vegetation: Applications for resource management. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep INT-257. Intermountain Forest Research Station, Ogden, Utah.
    • (1989) Proceedings, Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management , pp. 3-6
    • Daubenmire, R.F.1
  • 54
    • 0142151367 scopus 로고
    • Statistical Bulletin No. 771. USDA, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC
    • Daugherty, A. B. 1989. U.S. grazing lands: 1950-1982. Statistical Bulletin No. 771. USDA, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC.
    • (1989) U.S. Grazing Lands: 1950-1982
    • Daugherty, A.B.1
  • 55
    • 0142244499 scopus 로고
    • Why monitor park health?
    • Davis, G. E., and W. L. Halvorson. 1989. Why monitor park health? Park Science 9(3):16-17.
    • (1989) Park Science , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 16-17
    • Davis, G.E.1    Halvorson, W.L.2
  • 56
    • 0038677790 scopus 로고
    • Ecological monitoring in Channel Islands National Park, California
    • W. L. Halvorson and G. J. Maender, eds., Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California
    • Davis, G. E., K. R. Faulkner, and W. L. Halvorson. 1994. Ecological monitoring in Channel Islands National Park, California, pp. 465-482, in W. L. Halvorson and G. J. Maender, eds., Fourth California Islands symposium: Update on the status of resources. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.
    • (1994) Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources , pp. 465-482
    • Davis, G.E.1    Faulkner, K.R.2    Halvorson, W.L.3
  • 61
    • 0001119197 scopus 로고
    • Condition and management of rangeland based on quantitative ecology
    • Dyksterhuis, F. J. 1949. Condition and management of rangeland based on quantitative ecology. Journal of Range Management 2:104-115.
    • (1949) Journal of Range Management , vol.2 , pp. 104-115
    • Dyksterhuis, F.J.1
  • 62
    • 0141949696 scopus 로고
    • Condition and management of rangeland based on sites and condition classes
    • Dyksterhuis, E. J. 1958. Condition and management of rangeland based on sites and condition classes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 13:151-155.
    • (1958) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , vol.13 , pp. 151-155
    • Dyksterhuis, E.J.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0142244490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis, California
    • Erman, D. C. 1997. Sierra Nevada ecosystem project, Final Report. Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, University of California, Davis, California.
    • (1997) Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project, Final Report
    • Erman, D.C.1
  • 67
    • 0142213522 scopus 로고
    • Forest-Range Task Force, USDA, Forest Service, Forest Resource Report No. 19. USDA-FS, Washington, DC
    • Forest-Range Task Force. 1972. The Nation’s range resources: A forest-range environmental study. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Resource Report No. 19. USDA-FS, Washington, DC.
    • (1972) The Nation’s Range Resources: A Forest-Range Environmental Study
  • 69
    • 0010292709 scopus 로고
    • How spatial and temporal scale affect the perception of change in rangelands
    • Friedel, M. H. 1994. How spatial and temporal scale affect the perception of change in rangelands. Rangeland Journal 16:16-25.
    • (1994) Rangeland Journal , vol.16 , pp. 16-25
    • Friedel, M.H.1
  • 70
    • 0142036221 scopus 로고
    • Rangeland inventory and monitoring theory and conceptual foundations: Chairpersons’ summary and comments
    • N. E. West, ed., Salt Lake City, Utah, July 23-28, 1995. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado
    • Friedel, M. H., and W. A. Laycock. 1995. Rangeland inventory and monitoring theory and conceptual foundations: Chairpersons’ summary and comments, pp. 110-112, in N. E. West, ed., Rangelands in a sustainable biosphere. Proceedings, Fifth International Rangeland Congress, vol. II. Salt Lake City, Utah, July 23-28, 1995. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1995) Rangelands in a Sustainable Biosphere. Proceedings, Fifth International Rangeland Congress , vol.2 , pp. 110-112
    • Friedel, M.H.1    Laycock, W.A.2
  • 73
    • 85012495058 scopus 로고
    • Report CED-77-88 to U.S. Congress by the Comptroller General of U.S., Washington, DC
    • GAO. 1977. Public rangelands continue to deteriorate. Report CED-77-88 to U.S. Congress by the Comptroller General of U.S., Washington, DC.
    • (1977) Public Rangelands Continue to Deteriorate
  • 76
    • 85012531646 scopus 로고
    • Report GAO/RCED-91-191 to the U.S. Congress by U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, DC
    • GAO. 1991. Rangeland management: Comparison of rangeland condition reports. Report GAO/RCED-91-191 to the U.S. Congress by U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1991) Rangeland Management: Comparison of Rangeland Condition Reports
  • 77
    • 0041780319 scopus 로고
    • Rangeland resources: Changing uses and productivity
    • D. D. Frederick and R. A. Sedjo, eds., Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
    • Gardner, B. D. 1991. Rangeland resources: Changing uses and productivity, pp. 123-166, in D. D. Frederick and R. A. Sedjo, eds., America’s renewable resources: Historical trends and current challenges. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
    • (1991) America’s Renewable Resources: Historical Trends and Current Challenges , pp. 123-166
    • Gardner, B.D.1
  • 80
    • 0043119281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense
    • Goodman, S. W. 1996. Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense. Ecological Applications 6:706-707.
    • (1996) Ecological Applications , vol.6 , pp. 706-707
    • Goodman, S.W.1
  • 86
    • 0142182375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of soil indicators into multi-attribute rangeland monitoring and assessment systems
    • P. Lawrence, ed., August 1-5, 1999. Brisbane, Australia
    • Herrick, J. E., and K. M. Havstad. 2001. Integration of soil indicators into multi-attribute rangeland monitoring and assessment systems, pp. 932-947, in P. Lawrence, ed., Proceedings, International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems. August 1-5, 1999. Brisbane, Australia.
    • (2001) Proceedings, International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems , pp. 932-947
    • Herrick, J.E.1    Havstad, K.M.2
  • 87
    • 0001683044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil and vegetation indicators for assessment of rangeland ecological condition
    • C. A. Bravo, ed., USDA Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Herrick, J. E., W. W. Whitford, A. G. deSoyza, and J. Van Zee. 1996. Soil and vegetation indicators for assessment of rangeland ecological condition, pp. 157-166 in C. A. Bravo, ed., North American workshop on monitoring for ecological assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. USDA Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1996) North American Workshop on Monitoring for Ecological Assessment of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems , pp. 157-166
    • Herrick, J.E.1    Whitford, W.W.2    Desoyza, A.G.3    Van Zee, J.4
  • 89
    • 0022834125 scopus 로고
    • Habitat type, range site, and community type
    • USDA Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-200. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah
    • Hironaka, M. 1986. Habitat type, range site, and community type, pp. 15-18, in Proceedings: symposium on the biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus. USDA Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-200. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah.
    • (1986) Proceedings: Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus , pp. 15-18
    • Hironaka, M.1
  • 90
    • 0142244497 scopus 로고
    • Some fundamentals of the classification of range condition
    • Humphrey, R. R. 1945. Some fundamentals of the classification of range condition. Journal of Forestry 43:646-647.
    • (1945) Journal of Forestry , vol.43 , pp. 646-647
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 91
    • 0142244493 scopus 로고
    • Range forage evaluation by the range condition method
    • Humphrey, R. R. 1947. Range forage evaluation by the range condition method. Journal of Forestry 45:10-16.
    • (1947) Journal of Forestry , vol.45 , pp. 10-16
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 92
    • 0002177917 scopus 로고
    • Field comments on the range condition method of forage survey
    • Humphrey, R. R. 1949. Field comments on the range condition method of forage survey. Journal Range Management 2:1-10.
    • (1949) Journal Range Management , vol.2 , pp. 1-10
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 93
    • 0142151365 scopus 로고
    • Native vegetation as a criterion for determining correct range management and run off characteristics of grazing lands
    • Humphrey, R. R., and P. B. Lister. 1941. Native vegetation as a criterion for determining correct range management and run off characteristics of grazing lands. Journal of Forestry 39:837-842.
    • (1941) Journal of Forestry , vol.39 , pp. 837-842
    • Humphrey, R.R.1    Lister, P.B.2
  • 102
    • 0142151359 scopus 로고
    • Status and future of Utah rangeland
    • Johnson, K. L., ed., Co-operative Extension Service, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
    • Johnson, K. L., R. F. McCawley, and J. E. Bowns. 1986. Status and future of Utah rangeland, pp. 74-86, in Johnson, K. L., ed., Rangeland resources of Utah. Co-operative Extension Service, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
    • (1986) Rangeland Resources of Utah , pp. 74-86
    • Johnson, K.L.1    McCawley, R.F.2    Bowns, J.E.3
  • 103
    • 85040890431 scopus 로고
    • USDA, Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Report RM-203. Rocky Mountain. Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Joyce, L. A. 1989. An analysis of the range forage situation in the United States 1989-2040. USDA, Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Report RM-203. Rocky Mountain. Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1989) An Analysis of the Range Forage Situation in the United States 1989-2040
    • Joyce, L.A.1
  • 104
    • 0027386328 scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of the range condition concept
    • Joyce, L. A. 1993. The life cycle of the range condition concept. Journal of Range Management 46:132-138.
    • (1993) Journal of Range Management , vol.46 , pp. 132-138
    • Joyce, L.A.1
  • 105
    • 0003042415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health, integrity, and biological assessment. The importance of measuring whole things
    • D. Pimentel, L. Westra, and R. F. Noss, eds., Island Press, Washington, DC
    • Karr, J. R. 2000. Health, integrity, and biological assessment. The importance of measuring whole things, pp. 209-226, in D. Pimentel, L. Westra, and R. F. Noss, eds., Ecological integrity. Island Press, Washington, DC.
    • (2000) Ecological Integrity , pp. 209-226
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 109
    • 0142151358 scopus 로고
    • Potential natural vegetation map (Map at scale of 1:7,000,000)
    • Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • Küchler, A. W. 1970. Potential natural vegetation map (map at scale of 1:7,000,000), pp. 90-91, in The national atlas of the U.S.A. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1970) The National Atlas of the U.S.A , pp. 90-91
    • Küchler, A.W.1
  • 111
    • 0142182370 scopus 로고
    • Rangeland condition and trend
    • K. R. Jones, ed., Academic Press, New York
    • Laycock, W. A. 1994. Rangeland condition and trend, pp. 503-514, in K. R. Jones, ed., Encyclopedia of agricultural science. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1994) Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science , pp. 503-514
    • Laycock, W.A.1
  • 112
    • 0142068204 scopus 로고
    • Range management viewed in the ecosystem framework
    • G. M. van Dyne, ed., Academic Press, New York
    • Lewis, J. K. 1969. Range management viewed in the ecosystem framework, pp. 97-187, in G. M. van Dyne, ed. The ecosystem concept in natural resource management. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1969) The Ecosystem Concept in Natural Resource Management , pp. 97-187
    • Lewis, J.K.1
  • 113
    • 0002658579 scopus 로고
    • Primary production variability in desert ecosystems
    • W. G. Whitford, ed., University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico
    • Ludwig, J. A. 1983. Primary production variability in desert ecosystems, pp. 5-17, in W. G. Whitford, ed., Pattern and process in desert ecosystems. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    • (1983) Pattern and Process in Desert Ecosystems , pp. 5-17
    • Ludwig, J.A.1
  • 114
    • 0021032097 scopus 로고
    • A survey of ecological inventory, monitoring, and research in the U.S. National Park Service Biosphere Reserves
    • Mack, A., W. P. Gregg, S. P. Bratton, and P. S. White. 1983. A survey of ecological inventory, monitoring, and research in the U.S. National Park Service Biosphere Reserves. Biological Conservation 26:33-45.
    • (1983) Biological Conservation , vol.26 , pp. 33-45
    • Mack, A.1    Gregg, W.P.2    Bratton, S.P.3    White, P.S.4
  • 115
    • 85012511958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment methods
    • N. C. Johnson et al., eds., Elsevier, Dodrecht, The Netherlands
    • Malk, A. 1999. Assessment methods, pp. 215-221, in N. C. Johnson et al., eds., Ecological stewardship, Vol I. Elsevier, Dodrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1999) Ecological Stewardship , vol.1 , pp. 215-221
    • Malk, A.1
  • 116
    • 0142182359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric extinctions: In the shadow of man
    • C. E. Kay and R. T. Simmons, eds., University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah
    • Martin, P. S. 2002. Prehistoric extinctions: In the shadow of man, pp. 1-27, in C. E. Kay and R. T. Simmons, eds., Wilderness and political ecology: Aboriginal influences and the original state of nature. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah.
    • (2002) Wilderness and Political Ecology: Aboriginal Influences and the Original State of Nature , pp. 1-27
    • Martin, P.S.1
  • 119
    • 84905624630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of LAC-type processes and concepts to non-recreation management issues in protected areas
    • S. F. McCool and D. N. Cole, compi, USDA Forest Service. General technical report INT-GTR-371. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Merigilano, L., D. N. Cole, and D. J. Parsons. 1997. Application of LAC-type processes and concepts to non-recreation management issues in protected areas, pp. 37-43, in S. F. McCool and D. N. Cole, compi., Proceedings limits of acceptable change. USDA Forest Service. General technical report INT-GTR-371. Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1997) Proceedings Limits of Acceptable Change , pp. 37-43
    • Merigilano, L.1    Cole, D.N.2    Parsons, D.J.3
  • 120
    • 0141601077 scopus 로고
    • Indicators in regional ecological monitoring and risk assessment
    • D. H. McKenzie, D. E. Hyatt, and V. J. McDonald, eds., Elsevier Publ., New York
    • Messer, J. J. 1992. Indicators in regional ecological monitoring and risk assessment, pp. 135-146, in D. H. McKenzie, D. E. Hyatt, and V. J. McDonald, eds., Ecological indicators, Vol. 1. Elsevier Publ., New York.
    • (1992) Ecological Indicators , vol.1 , pp. 135-146
    • Messer, J.J.1
  • 122
    • 0142213498 scopus 로고
    • Use of soil survey information for management of national forests and grasslands
    • J. M. Kimble, ed., Soil Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
    • Meurisse, R. T., and D. A. Lammers. 1993. Use of soil survey information for management of national forests and grasslands, pp. 160-166, in J. M. Kimble, ed., Proceedings, Eighth International soil management workshop. Soil Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, Nebraska.
    • (1993) Proceedings, Eighth International Soil Management Workshop , pp. 160-166
    • Meurisse, R.T.1    Lammers, D.A.2
  • 125
    • 0142213511 scopus 로고
    • Winter of 1886-87: The death knell of open range
    • Mitchell, J. E., and R. H. Hart. 1987. Winter of 1886-87: The death knell of open range. Rangelands 9:3-8.
    • (1987) Rangelands , vol.9 , pp. 3-8
    • Mitchell, J.E.1    Hart, R.H.2
  • 126
    • 0033935435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applicability of Montreal Process biological and abiotic indicators to rangeland sustainability: An introduction
    • Mitchell, J. E., and L. A. Joyce. 2000. Applicability of Montreal Process biological and abiotic indicators to rangeland sustainability: An introduction. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 7:77-80.
    • (2000) International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 77-80
    • Mitchell, J.E.1    Joyce, L.A.2
  • 127
    • 0142244465 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Army Land condition-Trend Analysis program: A multi-resource inventory and monitoring system
    • H. G. Lund, ed., Proceedings, National Workshop, WO-WSA-4. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • Mitchell, J. E., and R. B. Shaw. 1993. U.S. Army Land condition-Trend Analysis program: A multi-resource inventory and monitoring system, pp. 87-94, in H. G. Lund, ed., Integrated ecological and resource inventories. Proceedings, National Workshop, WO-WSA-4. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.
    • (1993) Integrated Ecological and Resource Inventories , pp. 87-94
    • Mitchell, J.E.1    Shaw, R.B.2
  • 128
    • 85084865495 scopus 로고
    • History of development of site and condition criteria for range condition within the U.S. Forest Service
    • W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • Moir, W. H. 1989. History of development of site and condition criteria for range condition within the U.S. Forest Service, pp. 49-76, in W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Secondary succession and the evaluation of rangeland condition. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1989) Secondary Succession and the Evaluation of Rangeland Condition , pp. 49-76
    • Moir, W.H.1
  • 129
    • 0034940169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive management on public lands in the United States: Commitment or rhetoric?
    • Moir, W. H., and W. M. Block. 2001. Adaptive management on public lands in the United States: Commitment or rhetoric? Environmental Management 28:141-148.
    • (2001) Environmental Management , vol.28 , pp. 141-148
    • Moir, W.H.1    Block, W.M.2
  • 130
    • 0142244481 scopus 로고
    • The deterioration of forest grazing land: A wider context of the effects of World War I
    • Mortensen, D. R. 1978. The deterioration of forest grazing land: A wider context of the effects of World War I. Journal of Forest History 22:224-225.
    • (1978) Journal of Forest History , vol.22 , pp. 224-225
    • Mortensen, D.R.1
  • 131
    • 0008834339 scopus 로고
    • Determining range condition from frequency data in mountain meadows of central Idaho
    • Moseley, J. C., S. C. Bunting, and M. Hironaka. 1986. Determining range condition from frequency data in mountain meadows of central Idaho. Journal of Range Management 39:561-565.
    • (1986) Journal of Range Management , vol.39 , pp. 561-565
    • Moseley, J.C.1    Bunting, S.C.2    Hironaka, M.3
  • 132
    • 0030480150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify vegetation change in the Upper San Pedro River watershed, Arizona
    • Mouat, D. A., and J. Lancaster. 1996. Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify vegetation change in the Upper San Pedro River watershed, Arizona. Geocarto International 11:55-67.
    • (1996) Geocarto International , vol.11 , pp. 55-67
    • Mouat, D.A.1    Lancaster, J.2
  • 137
    • 0003472447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Grazing Lands Technology Institute, Fort Worth, Texas
    • NRCS. 1997. National range and pasture handbook. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Grazing Lands Technology Institute, Fort Worth, Texas.
    • (1997) National Range and Pasture Handbook
  • 138
    • 85012496477 scopus 로고
    • release, November 11, 1990, New York
    • NRDC. 1990. National Resources Defense Council. Press release, November 11, 1990, New York.
    • (1990) National Resources Defense Council
  • 139
    • 0031418907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Resources Inventory: A multi-resource monitoring program
    • Nusser, S. M., and J. J. Goebel. 1997. The National Resources Inventory: a multi-resource monitoring program. Ecological and Environmental Statistics 4:181-204.
    • (1997) Ecological and Environmental Statistics , vol.4 , pp. 181-204
    • Nusser, S.M.1    Goebel, J.J.2
  • 141
    • 0142213515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cliff/Gila Valley
    • Ogilvie, D. 2002. The Cliff/Gila Valley. Quivira Coalition 5(2):22-25 (September issue).
    • (2002) Quivira Coalition , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 22-25
    • Ogilvie, D.1
  • 142
    • 0031430187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on large scale natural resource surveys when cause-effect is a potential issue
    • Olsen, A. R., and H. T. Schreuder. 1997. Perspectives on large scale natural resource surveys when cause-effect is a potential issue. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 4:167-180.
    • (1997) Environmental and Ecological Statistics , vol.4 , pp. 167-180
    • Olsen, A.R.1    Schreuder, H.T.2
  • 143
    • 85012533953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring by management
    • Orchard, C., and C. Mehus. 2001. Monitoring by management. Rangelands 23:27-31.
    • (2001) Rangelands , vol.23 , pp. 27-31
    • Orchard, C.1    Mehus, C.2
  • 145
    • 0029503641 scopus 로고
    • Design implications of anticipated data uses for comprehensive environmental monitoring programs
    • Overton, W. S., and S. V. Stehman. 1995. Design implications of anticipated data uses for comprehensive environmental monitoring programs. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 2:287-303.
    • (1995) Environmental and Ecological Statistics , vol.2 , pp. 287-303
    • Overton, W.S.1    Stehman, S.V.2
  • 147
    • 0002838254 scopus 로고
    • The 3-step method for measuring condition and trend of forest ranges
    • R. S. Campbell, ed., USDA, Southern and Southeastern Forest Experiment Stations, Tifton, Georgia
    • Parker, K. W., and R. W. Harris. 1959. The 3-step method for measuring condition and trend of forest ranges, pp. 55-69, in R. S. Campbell, ed., Techniques and methods of measuring understory vegetation. Proceedings of the Symposium at Tifton, Georgia. USDA, Southern and Southeastern Forest Experiment Stations, Tifton, Georgia.
    • (1959) Techniques and Methods of Measuring Understory Vegetation. Proceedings of the Symposium at Tifton, Georgia , pp. 55-69
    • Parker, K.W.1    Harris, R.W.2
  • 151
    • 85084886570 scopus 로고
    • Range condition as used in the Soil Conservation Service
    • W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • Pendleton, D. T. 1989. Range condition as used in the Soil Conservation Service, pp. 17-34, in W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Secondary succession and the evaluation of rangeland condition. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1989) Secondary Succession and the Evaluation of Rangeland Condition , pp. 17-34
    • Pendleton, D.T.1
  • 153
    • 0002998231 scopus 로고
    • Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies
    • G. Likens, ed., Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Pickett, S. T. A. 1989. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies, pp. 110-135, in G. Likens, ed., Long-term studies in ecology: Approaches and alternatives. Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1989) Long-Term Studies in Ecology: Approaches and Alternatives , pp. 110-135
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1
  • 154
    • 85012488678 scopus 로고
    • Range survey methods in western United States
    • Pickford, G. D. 1940. Range survey methods in western United States. Herbage Review 8:1-12.
    • (1940) Herbage Review , vol.8 , pp. 1-12
    • Pickford, G.D.1
  • 157
    • 0036852486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rangeland health attributes and indicators for qualitative assessment
    • Pyke, D. A., J. E. Herrick, P. Shaver, and M. Pellant. 2002. Rangeland health attributes and indicators for qualitative assessment. Journal of Range Management 55:584-596.
    • (2002) Journal of Range Management , vol.55 , pp. 584-596
    • Pyke, D.A.1    Herrick, J.E.2    Shaver, P.3    Pellant, M.4
  • 158
    • 0011632680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of a qualitative assessment process on rangeland ecosystems
    • D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, eds., Proceedings of VI International Rangeland Congress, July 19-23, 1999, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
    • Rasmussen, G. A., M. Pellant, and D. Pyke. 1999. Reliability of a qualitative assessment process on rangeland ecosystems, pp. 781-782, in D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, eds., People and rangelands: Building the future. Proceedings of VI International Rangeland Congress, July 19-23, 1999, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
    • (1999) People and Rangelands: Building the Future , pp. 781-782
    • Rasmussen, G.A.1    Pellant, M.2    Pyke, D.3
  • 159
    • 0003500691 scopus 로고
    • USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSWGTR-141 Forest Service. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, California
    • Reid, L. M. 1993. Research and cumulative watershed effects. USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSWGTR-141 Forest Service. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, California.
    • (1993) Research and Cumulative Watershed Effects
    • Reid, L.M.1
  • 160
    • 0142151351 scopus 로고
    • Range condition: A new application to the management of natural grazing lands
    • Publ. 3382, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC
    • Renner, F. G. 1948. Range condition: A new application to the management of natural grazing lands, pp. 527-535, in Proceedings, Interamerican Conference On Conservation Of Renewable Natural Resources. Publ. 3382, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC.
    • (1948) Proceedings, Interamerican Conference on Conservation of Renewable Natural Resources , pp. 527-535
    • Renner, F.G.1
  • 161
    • 0142244473 scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service. Research Paper RM-103. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Reppert, J. N., and R. E. Francis. 1973. Interpretation of trend in range condition from 3-step data. USDA Forest Service. Research Paper RM-103. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1973) Interpretation of Trend in Range Condition from 3-Stepdata
    • Reppert, J.N.1    Francis, R.E.2
  • 162
    • 85012467583 scopus 로고
    • Range Inventory Standards Committee. Guidelines and Terminology for range inventories and monitoring
    • Denver, Colorado
    • RISC. 1983. Range Inventory Standards Committee. Guidelines and Terminology for range inventories and monitoring. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1983) Society for Range Management
  • 163
    • 0142182360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing management: An art and science
    • Robinett, D. 2002. Grazing management: An art and science. Rangelands 24(2):22-26.
    • (2002) Rangelands , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 22-26
    • Robinett, D.1
  • 164
    • 0142151352 scopus 로고
    • Readers write
    • Ross, R. L. 1993. Readers write. Rangelands 15(2):82.
    • (1993) Rangelands , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 82
    • Ross, R.L.1
  • 169
    • 0001314760 scopus 로고
    • Succession as a factor in range management
    • Sampson, A. W. 1917. Succession as a factor in range management. Journal of Forestry 15:593-596.
    • (1917) Journal of Forestry , vol.15 , pp. 593-596
    • Sampson, A.W.1
  • 172
    • 0142244466 scopus 로고
    • HRM (Holistic Resource Management) Newsletter, 1993 Spring issue
    • Savory, A. 1993. Completing the feedback loop, p. 10, in HRM (Holistic Resource Management) Newsletter, 1993 Spring issue.
    • (1993) Completing the Feedback Loop , pp. 10
    • Savory, A.1
  • 173
    • 0006254519 scopus 로고
    • USDA. Forest Service. Research Note RM-RN-536. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, a Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Schreuder, H. T., and J. Alegria, 1995. Stratification and plot selection rules: Misuses and consequences. USDA. Forest Service. Research Note RM-RN-536. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, a Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1995) Stratification and Plot Selection Rules: Misuses and Consequences
    • Schreuder, H.T.1    Alegria, J.2
  • 174
    • 0142244463 scopus 로고
    • Conditions of rangelands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
    • R. S. Rummel chairman, USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-WO-17. Forest Service, Washington, DC
    • Schmautz, J. E. 1979. Conditions of rangelands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp. 3-24, in R. S. Rummel chairman, Proceedings, Symposium on rangeland policies for the future. USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-WO-17. Forest Service, Washington, DC.
    • (1979) Proceedings, Symposium on Rangeland Policies for the Future , pp. 3-24
    • Schmautz, J.E.1
  • 175
    • 0003472451 scopus 로고
    • USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC
    • SCS. 1976. National range handbook. USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
    • (1976) National Range Handbook
  • 179
    • 0037183887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environment: Report takes stock of knowns and unknowns
    • Shouse, B. 2002. U.S. environment: Report takes stock of knowns and unknowns. Science 297:2191.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 2191
    • Shouse, B.1
  • 180
    • 0026026159 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of land management on soil and water resources: An overview
    • Sidle, R. C., and A. N. Sharpely. 1991. Cumulative effects of land management on soil and water resources: An overview. Journal of Environmental Quality 20:1-3.
    • (1991) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.20 , pp. 1-3
    • Sidle, R.C.1    Sharpely, A.N.2
  • 181
    • 85084865233 scopus 로고
    • Range condition and secondary succession: A critique
    • W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • Smith, E. L. Jr. 1989. Range condition and secondary succession: A critique, pp. 103-142, in W. K. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Secondary Succession and the Evaluation of Rangeland Condition. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1989) Secondary Succession and the Evaluation of Rangeland Condition , pp. 103-142
    • Smith, E.L.1
  • 183
    • 1642638343 scopus 로고
    • Forage conditions in the prairie region
    • U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • Smith, J. G. 1895. Forage conditions in the prairie region. In USDA Yearbook. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1895) In USDA Yearbook
    • Smith, J.G.1
  • 185
    • 0005433797 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the improvements in sensitivity of nested frequency plots to vegetational change by summation
    • Smith, D. D., S. C. Bunting, and M. Hironaka. 1987. Evaluation of the improvements in sensitivity of nested frequency plots to vegetational change by summation. Great Basin Naturalist 47:299-307.
    • (1987) Great Basin Naturalist , vol.47 , pp. 299-307
    • Smith, D.D.1    Bunting, S.C.2    Hironaka, M.3
  • 187
    • 0142244468 scopus 로고
    • Range management for soil and water conservation
    • Spence, L. E. 1938. Range management for soil and water conservation. Utah Juniper 9:18-25.
    • (1938) Utah Juniper , vol.9 , pp. 18-25
    • Spence, L.E.1
  • 188
    • 85012516973 scopus 로고
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, Feb 10-15, 1985. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado
    • SRM. 1985. Proceedings: Selected papers presented at the 38th annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, Feb 10-15, 1985. Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado.
    • (1985) Proceedings: Selected Papers Presented at the 38Th Annual Meeting
  • 192
    • 0142213502 scopus 로고
    • Use of key species, key areas and utilization standards in range management
    • Standing, A. R. 1938. Use of key species, key areas and utilization standards in range management. Ames Forester 29:9-19.
    • (1938) Ames Forester , vol.29 , pp. 9-19
    • Standing, A.R.1
  • 193
    • 0028035961 scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a national environmental management program
    • Stevens, D. L., Jr. 1994. Implementation of a national environmental management program. Journal of Environmental Management 42:1-29.
    • (1994) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.42 , pp. 1-29
    • Stevens, D.L.1
  • 196
    • 0036116746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statistical power of rangeland monitoring data
    • Sundt, P. 2002. The statistical power of rangeland monitoring data. Rangelands 24(2):16-20.
    • (2002) Rangelands , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 16-20
    • Sundt, P.1
  • 199
    • 0142151347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past changes, present and future impacts, and the assessment of community or ecosystem condition
    • J. Barrow, E. D. McArthur, R. E. Sosebee and R. J. Tausch, USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-338, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Sta., Ogden, Utah
    • Tausch, R. J. 1996. Past changes, present and future impacts, and the assessment of community or ecosystem condition, pp. 97-101, in J. Barrow, E. D. McArthur, R. E. Sosebee and R. J. Tausch, comp., Proceedings: Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment. USDA. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-338, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Sta., Ogden, Utah.
    • (1996) Proceedings: Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment , pp. 97-101
    • Tausch, R.J.1
  • 201
    • 0003764827 scopus 로고
    • Bulletin 65, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson, Arizona
    • Thornber, J. J. 1910. The grazing ranges of Arizona. Bulletin 65, Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson, Arizona.
    • (1910) The Grazing Ranges of Arizona
    • Thornber, J.J.1
  • 202
  • 203
    • 85012508255 scopus 로고
    • Task Group on Unity and Concepts in Terms. Evaluating rangeland sustainability: The evolving technology
    • UCT. 1995. Task Group on Unity and Concepts in Terms. Evaluating rangeland sustainability: The evolving technology. Rangelands 17(3):85-92.
    • (1995) Rangelands , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 85-92
  • 205
    • 0142213507 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • USDA. 1976. RPA. A national assessment and program. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1976) RPA. A National Assessment and Program
  • 209
    • 0142151348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desired future conditions: Vehicles for integrating social and ecological goals and visions?
    • Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Report SRS-17. Southern Research Station, New Orleans, Louisiana
    • Voth, D. E., B. Pell, and K. Fendley. 1997. Desired future conditions: Vehicles for integrating social and ecological goals and visions? pp. 8-18 in Integrating social science and ecosystem management: A national challenge USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Report SRS-17. Southern Research Station, New Orleans, Louisiana.
    • (1997) Integrating Social Science and Ecosystem Management: A National Challenge USDA , pp. 8-18
    • Voth, D.E.1    Pell, B.2    Fendley, K.3
  • 210
    • 0142244475 scopus 로고
    • Using GIS and a graphical user interface to model land degradation
    • Wade, T. G., and J. D. Wickham. 1995. Using GIS and a graphical user interface to model land degradation. Geo Info Systems (February 1995):38-41.
    • (1995) Geo Info Systems (February 1995) , pp. 38-41
    • Wade, T.G.1    Wickham, J.D.2
  • 211
    • 85084910271 scopus 로고
    • History and development of site and condition criteria in the Bureau of Land Management
    • W. A. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • Wagner, R. E. 1989. History and development of site and condition criteria in the Bureau of Land Management, pp. 35-48, in W. A. Lauenroth and W. A. Laycock, eds., Secondary succession and the evaluation of rangeland condition. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1989) Secondary Succession and the Evaluation of Rangeland Condition , pp. 35-48
    • Wagner, R.E.1
  • 212
    • 0142151349 scopus 로고
    • National Wildlife Federation and Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC
    • Wald, J., and D. Alberswerth. 1989. Our ailing public rangelands. National Wildlife Federation and Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC.
    • (1989) Our Ailing Public Rangelands
    • Wald, J.1    Alberswerth, D.2
  • 220
    • 0024886984 scopus 로고
    • Classification of habitat types in the Western United States
    • D. F. Ferguson, P. Morgan, and F. C. Johnson, USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-257. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah
    • Wellner, C. A. 1989. Classification of habitat types in the Western United States, pp. 7-21 in D. F. Ferguson, P. Morgan, and F. C. Johnson, comp., Proceedings, land classifications based on vegetation: Applications for resource management. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-257. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah.
    • (1989) Proceedings, Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management , pp. 7-21
    • Wellner, C.A.1
  • 224
    • 77956823486 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of soil microphytic crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semi-arid regions
    • West, N. E. 1990. Structure and function of soil microphytic crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semi-arid regions. Advances in Ecological Research 20:179-223.
    • (1990) Advances in Ecological Research , vol.20 , pp. 179-223
    • West, N.E.1
  • 225
    • 0142131520 scopus 로고
    • Benchmarks for rangeland management and environmental quality
    • L. F. James et al., eds., Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado
    • West, N. E. 1991. Benchmarks for rangeland management and environmental quality, pp. 30-44 in L. F. James et al., eds., Proceedings of the Noxious Range Weed Conference, Logan, Utah. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the Noxious Range Weed Conference, Logan, Utah , pp. 30-44
    • West, N.E.1
  • 226
    • 0004306374 scopus 로고
    • Quinney Library, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
    • West, N. E., ed. 1995. Biodiversity on rangelands. Quinney Library, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
    • (1995) Biodiversity on Rangelands
    • West, N.E.1
  • 227
    • 0142068206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for rangeland resources over entire landscapes
    • D. Eldridge and D. Fruendenberger, eds., Aitkenvale, Queensland, Australia
    • West, N. E. 1999. Accounting for rangeland resources over entire landscapes, pp. 726-736, in D. Eldridge and D. Fruendenberger, eds., People and rangelands: Building the future. Proceedings of VI International Rangeland Congress, Vol. 2, Aitkenvale, Queensland, Australia.
    • (1999) People and Rangelands: Building the Future. Proceedings of VI International Rangeland Congress , vol.2 , pp. 726-736
    • West, N.E.1
  • 228
    • 0142039835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical underpinnings of rangeland monitoring
    • West, N. E. 2003. Theoretical underpinnings of rangeland monitoring. Arid Land Research and Management 17:333-346.
    • (2003) Arid Land Research and Management , vol.17 , pp. 333-346
    • West, N.E.1
  • 230
    • 0000122981 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation change after 13 years of livestock grazing exclusion on sagebrush semi-desert in west central Utah
    • West, N. E., F. D. Provenza, P. S. Johnson, and M. K. Owens. 1984. Vegetation change after 13 years of livestock grazing exclusion on sagebrush semi-desert in west central Utah. Journal of Range Management 37:262-264.
    • (1984) Journal of Range Management , vol.37 , pp. 262-264
    • West, N.E.1    Provenza, F.D.2    Johnson, P.S.3    Owens, M.K.4
  • 231
    • 0037331135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newalternatives for monitoring rangelands
    • West, N. E., and B. Wu.2003.Newalternatives for monitoring rangelands. Rangelands 25:24-26.
    • (2003) Rangelands , vol.25 , pp. 24-26
    • West, N.E.1    Wu, B.2
  • 232
    • 0024944976 scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic management for rangelands not equilibrium
    • Westoby, M., B. Walker, and I. Noy-Meir. 1989a. Opportunistic management for rangelands not equilibrium. Journal of Range Management 42:266-274.
    • (1989) Journal of Range Management , vol.42 , pp. 266-274
    • Westoby, M.1    Walker, B.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 233
    • 0024915525 scopus 로고
    • Range management on basis of a model which does not seek to establish equilibrium
    • Westoby, M., B. Walker, and I. Noy-Meir. 1989b. Range management on basis of a model which does not seek to establish equilibrium. Journal of Arid Environments 17:235-239.
    • (1989) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.17 , pp. 235-239
    • Westoby, M.1    Walker, B.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 234
    • 0142151341 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring vegetation and rare plant populations in U.S. National parks and preserves
    • H. Synge, ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York
    • White, P. S., and S. P. Bratton. 1981. Monitoring vegetation and rare plant populations in U.S. national parks and preserves, pp. 265-278, in H. Synge, ed., The biological aspects of rare plant conservation. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
    • (1981) The Biological Aspects of Rare Plant Conservation , pp. 265-278
    • White, P.S.1    Bratton, S.P.2
  • 237
    • 0012459515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA, Forest Service, FS-650. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • Williams, G. W. 2000. The USDA Forest Service-The first century. USDA, Forest Service, FS-650. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (2000) The USDA Forest Service-The First Century
    • Williams, G.W.1
  • 238
    • 0034113367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note: A comparison of methods to determine plant successional stages
    • Winslow, S. R., and B. F. Sowell. 2000. Technical note: A comparison of methods to determine plant successional stages. Journal of Range Management 53:194-198.
    • (2000) Journal of Range Management , vol.53 , pp. 194-198
    • Winslow, S.R.1    Sowell, B.F.2
  • 239
    • 0012108641 scopus 로고
    • Points of reference in vegetation and land condition
    • Wilson, A. D. 1984. Points of reference in vegetation and land condition. Australian Rangeland Journal 6:69-74.
    • (1984) Australian Rangeland Journal , vol.6 , pp. 69-74
    • Wilson, A.D.1
  • 240
    • 0003665672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Report RMRS-GTR-47. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Winward, A. H. 2000. Monitoring the vegetation resources in riparian areas. USDA Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Report RMRS-GTR-47. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (2000) Monitoring the Vegetation Resources in Riparian Areas
    • Winward, A.H.1
  • 242
    • 0032788813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ecological theory in longterm ecological monitoring: Report on a workshop
    • Woodward, A., K. J. Jenkins, and E. G. Schreiner. 1999. The role of ecological theory in longterm ecological monitoring: Report on a workshop. Natural Areas Journal 19:223-233.
    • (1999) Natural Areas Journal , vol.19 , pp. 223-233
    • Woodward, A.1    Jenkins, K.J.2    Schreiner, E.G.3
  • 243
    • 0003283313 scopus 로고
    • New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station Bull. 66. Las Cruces, New Mexico
    • Wooton, E. O. 1908. The range problem in New Mexico. New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station Bull. 66. Las Cruces, New Mexico.
    • (1908) The Range Problem in New Mexico
    • Wooton, E.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.