Growth interruptions in silicified conifer woods from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA: Implications for palaeoclimate and dinosaur palaeoecology

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 199, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 299-314

  Falcon Lang, Howard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Campanian; Conifer wood; Cretaceous; Dinosaur; Drought; Montana

Indexed keywords

CAMPANIAN; CONIFEROUS TREE; CRETACEOUS; DINOSAUR; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOENVIRONMENT;

MONTANA; UNITED STATES;

CONIFEROPHYTA; DINOSAURIA;

EID: 0142031641     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00539-X     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Ash, J., 1983. Growth rings in Agathis robusta and Araucaria cunninghami from tropical Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 31, 269-276.
2. Ash, S.R., Creber, G.T., 1992. Palaeoclimatic interpretation of the wood structures of the trees in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 96, 299-317.
3. Barrick, R.E., Showers, W.J., Fischer, A.G., 1996. Comparison of Thermoregulation of four ornithischian dinosaurs and a varanid lizard from the Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation: Evidence from oxygen isotopes. Palaios 11, 295-305.
4. Buck, B.J., Mack, G.H., 1995. Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) aridity indicated by paleosols in the McRae Formation, south-central New Mexico. Cretac. Res. 16, 559-572.
5. Carpenter, K., 1987. Palaeoecological significance of droughts during the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior. Occ. Pap. Tyrell Mus. Palaeontol. 3, 42-47.
6. Chin, K., Gill, B.D., 1996. Dinosaurs, dung beetles, and conifers: Participants in a Cretaceous food web. Palaios 11, 280-285.
7. Conybeare, A., Haynes, G., 1984. Observations on elephant mortality and bones in water holes. Quat. Res. 22, 189-200.
8. Crabtree, D.R., 1987. Angiosperms of the northern Rocky Mountains: Albian to Campanian (Cretaceous) megafossil floras. Ann. Mo. Bot. Garden 74, 707-747.
9. Creber, G.T., 1977. Tree rings: A natural data-storage system. Biol. Rev. 52, 349-383.
10. Creber, G.T., Chaloner, W.G., 1984. Influence of environmental factors on the wood structure of living and fossil trees. Bot. Rev. 50, 357-448.
11. Creber, G.T., Francis, J.E., 1999. Fossil tree-ring analysis: Palaeodendrology. In: Jones. T.P., Rowe, N.P. (Eds.), Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques, Geol. Soc. Lond., pp. 245-250.
12. Dechamps, R., 1984. Evidence of bush fires during the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa (Omo and Sahabi) with aid of fossil woods. In: Coetzee, J.A., Van Zinderen Bakker, E.M. (Eds.), Palaeoecology of Africa and Surrounding Islands 16, Rotterdam.
13. Demko, T.M., Dubiel, R.F., Parrish, J.T., 1998. Plant taphonomy in incised valleys: Implications for interpreting paleoclimate from fossil plants. Geology 26, 1119-1122.
14. Duke, N.C., Birch, W.R., Williams, W.T., 1981. Growth rings and rainfall correlations in a mangrove tree of the genus Diospyros (Ebenaceae). Aust. J. Bot. 29, 135-142.
15. Falcon-Lang, H.J., 1999. The Early Carboniferous (Courceyan-Arundian) monsoonal climate of the British Isles: Evidence from growth rings in fossil woods. Geol. Mag. 136, 177-187.
16. Falcon-Lang, H.J., Cantrill, D.J., 2000. Cretaceous (Late Albian) Coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 1. Wood taxonomy a quantitative approach. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 111, 1-17.
17. Falcon-Lang, H.J., Cantrill, D.J., 2001. Gymnosperm woods from the Cretaceous (mid-Aptian) Cerro Negro Formation, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica: The arborescent vegetation of a volcanic arc. Cretac. Res. 22, 277-293.
18. Falcon-Lang, H.J., Cantrill, D.J., Nichols, G.J., 2001a. Biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of a mid-Cretaceous, high-latitude floodplain, Alexander Island, Antarctica. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 158, 709-725.
19. Falcon-Lang, H.J., Kvacek, J., Ulicny, D., 2001b. Fire ecology and palaeoclimate of a Late Cretaceous fluvial to estuarine environment, Pecinov Quarry, Czech Republic. Geol. Mag. 138, 563-576.
20. Farjon, A., 1998. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 298 pp.
21. Fiorillo, A.R., Padian, K., Musikasinthorn, C., 2000. Taphonomy and depositional setting of the Placerias Quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona). Palaios 15, 373-386.
22. Ford, E.D., Robards, A.W., Piney, M.D., 1978. Influence of environmental factors on cell production and differentiation in the earlywood of Picea stichensis. Ann. Bot. 42, 683-692.
23. Francis, J.E., 1984. The seasonal environment of the Purbeck (Upper Jurassic) fossil forests. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 48, 285-307.
24. Fritts, H.C., 1976. Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press, London, 576 pp.
25. Gilmore, C.W., 1914. A new ceratopsian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana, with a note on Hypacrosaurus. Smiths. Miscell. Coll. 43, 1-10.
26. Gilmore, C.W., 1917. Brachyceratops, a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana, with notes on associated fossil reptiles. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 103, 1-45.
27. Golonka, J., Ross, M.I., Scotese, C.R., 1994. Phanerozoic palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic modelling maps. In: Embry, A.F., Beauchamp, B., Glass, D.J.B (Eds.), Pangea: Global Environments and Resources. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol. Mem. 17, pp. 1-48.
28. Goudie, A.S., 1983. Calcrete. In: Goudie, A.S., Pye, K. (Eds.), Chemical Sediments and Geomorphology. Academic Press, London, pp. 93-131.
29. Greguss, P., 1955. Identification of Living Gymnosperms on the Basis of Xylotomy. Akademia Kiado, Budapest, 263 pp.
30. Greguss, P., 1972. The Xylotomy of the Living Conifers. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 501 pp.
31. Haynes, G., 1988. Mass deaths and serial predation: Comparative taphonomic studies of modern large mammal death sites. J. Archaeol. Sci. 15, 219-235.
32. Hook, D.D., 1984. Adaptations to flooding with fresh water. In: T.T. Kozlowski (Ed.), Flooding and Plant Growth. Academic Press, London, pp. 265-293.
33. Horner, J.R., 1982. Evidence of colonial nesting and site fidelity among ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature 297, 675-676.
34. Horner, J.R., 1994. Comparative taphonomy of some dinosaur and extant bird colonial nesting grounds. In: Carpenter, K., Hirsch, K.F., Horner, J.R. (Eds.), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 116-123.
35. Horner, J.R., Currie, P.J., 1994. Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta. In: Carpenter, K., Hirsch, K.F., Horner, J.R. (Eds.), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 312-336.
36. Horner, J.R., Makela, R., 1979. Nests of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs. Nature 282, 296-298.
37. Jacoby, G.C., 1989. Overview of tree-ring analysis in tropical regions. IAWA Bull. 10, 99-108.
38. Jerzykiewicz, T., Sweet, A.R., 1988. Sedimentological and palynological evidence of regional climatic changes in the Campanian to Paleocene sediments of the Rocky Mountain Foothills, Canada. Sediment. Geol. 59, 29-76.
39. Jones, T.P., 1993. New morphological and anatomical evidence for a wildfire origin for fusain from comparison with modern charcoal. Spec. Pap. Palaeontol. 49, 113-123.
40. Kraüsel, R., 1949. Identification key for genera and species of identifiable fossil conifer woods. Palaeontographica B 89, 150-189.
41. Knowlton, F.H., 1917. Fossil flora of the Vermejo and Raton Formations of Colorada and New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 101, 223-455.
42. Larsen, P.R., 1956. Discontinuous growth rings in suppressed slash pine. Trop. Woods 104, 80-99.
43. Lehman, T.M., Wheeler, E.A., 2001. A fossil dicotyledonous woodland/forest from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Palaios 16, 102-108.
44. Little, C.H.A., 1975. Inhibition of cambial activity in Abies balsama by internal water stress: Role of abscisic acid. Can. J. Bot. 53, 3041-3050.
45. Lorenz, J.C., Gavin, W., 1984. Geology of the Two Medicine Formation and the Sedimentology of a Dinosaur Nesting Ground. Montana Geol. Soc. Field Conf., Northwestern Montana, pp. 175-186.
46. Mack, G.H., 1992. Paleosols as an indicator of climatic change at the Early-Late Cretaceous boundary, southwestern New Mexico. J. Sediment. Petrol. 62, 483-494.
47. Owen-Smith, R.N., 1988. Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 369 pp.
48. Penhallow, D.P., 1908. Report on a collection of fossil woods from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Ottawa Nat. 22, 82-88.
49. Phillips, E.W.J., 1948. Identification of softwoods by their microscopic structure. For. Res. Bull. 46, 1-56.
50. Ramanujan, C.G.K., 1972. Fossil coniferous woods from the Oldman Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Bot. 50, 595-602.
51. Ramanujan, C.G.K., Stewart, W.N., 1969. Fossil woods of Taxodiaceae from the Edmonton Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Bot. 47, 115-124.
52. Rao, K.S., Rajput, K.S., 1999. Seasonal behaviour of vascular cambium in teak (Tectona grandis) growing in moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests. IAWA J. 20, 85-93.
53. Retallack, G.J., 1994. A pedotype approach to latest Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary paleosols in eastern Montana. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 106, 1377-1397.
54. Roberts, E.M., Hendrix, M.S., 2000. Taphonomy of a petrified forest in the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian), northwet Montana: Implications for palinspastic restoration of the Boulder Batholith and Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. Palaios 15, 476-482.
55. Rogers, R.R., 1990. Taphonomy of three dinosaur bone beds in the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana: Evidence for drought-related mortality. Palaios 5, 394-413.
56. Rogers, R.R., 1997. Geology and taphonomy of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation, northwestern Montana. In: Currie, P., Padian, K. (Eds.), The Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Academic Press, pp. 760-765.
57. Rogers, R.R., 1998. Sequence analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River Formations, Montana: Nonmarine response to the Claggett and Bearpaw marine cycles. J. Sediment. Res. 68, 615-631.
58. 39Ar-age and correlation of the nonmarine Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous), northwestern Montana, U.S.A., Can. J. Earth Sci. 30, 1066-1075.
59. Sampson, S.D., 1995. Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Orthischia: Ceratopsidae). J. Vert. Palaeontol. 15, 743-760.
60. Schwartz, H.L., Gillette, D.D., 1994. Geology and taphonomy of the Coelophysis Quarry, Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, New Mexico. J. Palaeontol. 68, 1118-1130.
61. Schweingruber, F.H., 1992. Annual growth rings and growth zones in woody plants in southern Australia. IAWA Bull. 13, 359-379.
62. Schweingruber, F.H., 1996. Tree Rings and Environment Dendroecology. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Berne, 609 pp.
63. Shipman, P., 1975. Implications of drought for vertebrate fossil assemblages. Nature 257, 667-668.
64. Smith, A.G., Smith, D.G., Funnell, B.M., 1994. Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 99 pp.
65. Spackman, W., 1948. A dicotyledonous wood found associated with Tempskya. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 35, 107-116.
66. Thayn, G.F., Tidwell, W.D., Stokes, W.L., 1985. Flora of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and Colorado. Part III Icacinoxylon pittiense n. sp. Am. J. Bot. 72, 175-180.
67. Uggla, C., Mellerowicz, E.J., Sundberg, B., 1998. Indole-3-Acetic Acid controls cambial growth in Scots Pine by positional signalling. Plant Physiol. 117, 113-121.
68. Valdes, P.J., Sellwood, B.W., Price, G.D., 1996. Evaluating concepts of Cretaceous equability. Palaeoclimates 2, 139-158.
69. Varricchio, D.J., 1993. Montana climatic changes associated with the Cretaceous Claggett and Bearpaw transgressions. In: Hunter, L.D.V. (Ed.), Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Montana. Field Conf. Guide, Billings, pp. 97-102.
70. Varricchio, D.J., 1995. Taphonomy of Jack's Birthday Site, a diverse dinosaur bonebed from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 114, 297-323.
71. Varricchio, D.J., Horner, J.R., 1993. Hadrosaurid and lambeosaurid bone beds from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of the Montana: Taphonomic and biologic implications. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30, 997-1006.
72. Wing, S.L., Boucher, L.D., 1998. Ecological aspects of the flowering plant radiation. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 26, 379-421.
73. Wolfe, J.A., Upchurch, J.R., 1987. North American nonmarine climates and vegetation during the Late Cretaceous. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 61, 33-77.
74. Young, P.J., Megonigal, J.P., Sharitz, R.R., Dat, F.P., 1993. False ring formation in Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) saplings under two flood regimes. Wetlands 13, 293-298.