Lightning induced optical emissions in the ionosphere

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 107, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 273-291

  Valdivia, J A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHILE   (Chile)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fractal antenna; Ionosphere; Optical emissions; Sprites

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE; BRIGHTNESS; CONFERENCE PAPER; DENSITY; DYNAMICS; ELECTRIC FIELD; IONOSPHERE; LIGHTNING; OPTICS;

EID: 0142027495     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1025596311682     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (46)

1. Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Inan, U. S. and Stanley, M.: 2001, 'Identification of Sprites and Elves with Intensified Video and Broadband Array Photometry', J. Geophys. Res. 106(A2), 1741.
2. Boeck, W. L., Vaughan Jr., O. H., Blakeslee, R., Vonnegut B. and Brook M.: 1992, 'Lightning Induced Brightening in the Airglow Layer', Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 99.
3. Femia, N., Niemeyer, L. and Tucci, V.: 1993, 'Fractal Characteristics of Electrical Discharges: Experiments and Simulations', J. Phys D. Appl. Phys. 26, 619-627.
4. Franz, R. C., Nemzek R. J. and Winckler, J. R.: 1990, 'Television Image of a Large Upward Electrical Discharge Above a Thunderstorm System', Science 249, 48-51.
5. Gurevich, A. V.: 1978, Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere, Springer-Verlag, New York.
6. Hampton, D. L., Heavner, M. J., Wescott, E. M. and Sentman, D. D.: 1996, 'Optical Spectral Characteristics of Red Sprites', Geophys. Res. Lett. 23(1), 89.
7. Gerken, E. A., Inan, U.S. and Barrington-Leigh, C. P.: 2000, 'Telescopic Imaging of Sprites', Geophys. Res. Lett. 27(17), 2637.
8. Inan, U., Barrington-Leigh, C., Hansen, S., Glukhov, V. S., Bell, T. and Rairden, R.: 1997, 'Rapid Lateral Expansion of Optical Luminosity in Lightning Induced Ionospheric Flashes Referred to as 'Elves',' Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 583-586.
9. Kerr, R. A.: 1994, 'Atmospheric Scientists Puzzle over High Altitude Flashes, Science 264, 1250-1251.
10. Lyons, W. A.: 1994, 'Characteristics of Luminous Structures in the Stratosphere above Thunderstorms as Imaged by Low-light Video, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 875-878.
11. Lyons, W. A.: 1996, 'Sprite Observations above the U.S. High Plains in Relation to their Parent Thunderstorm Systems', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 29,641-29,652.
12. Le Vine, D. M. and Meneghini, R.: 1978, 'Simulation of Radiation from Lightning Return Strokes: The Effects of Tortuosity', Radio Sci. 13, 801-809.
13. Mazur, V., Shao, X. and Krehbiel, P. R.: 1998, "Spider' Lightning in Intracloud and Positive Cloud-to-ground Flashes', J. Geophys. Res. 103, 19811.
14. Mende, S. B., Rairden, R. L., Swenson, G. R. and Lyons, W. A.: 1995, 'Sprite Spectra; N2 1 PG Band Identification', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2633-2636.
15. Milikh, G. M., Papadopoulos, K. and Chang, C. L.: 1995, 'On the Physics of High Altitude Lightning', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 85-88.
16. Milikh G. M., Valdivia, J. A. and Papadopoulos, K.: 1997, 'Model of Red Sprite Optical Spectra', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 833-836.
17. Moudry, D., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H., Sentman, D. and Wescott, E.: 2002, 'Imaging of Elves, Halos and Sprite Initiation at 1 ms Time Resolution', J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., (submitted).
18. Niemeyer, L., Pietronero, L. and Wiesmann, H. J.: 1984, 'Fractal Dimension of Dielectric Breakdown', Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1033-1036.
19. Papadopoulos, K., Milikh, G., Gurevich, A. V., Drobot, A. and Shanny, R.: 1993, 'Ionization Rates for Atmospheric and Ionospheric Breakdown', J. Geophys. Res. 98, 17,593-17,596.
20. Pasko, V. P., Inan, U. S., Taranenko, Y. N. and Bell, T.: 1995, 'Heating, Ionization and Upward Discharges in the Mesosphere due to Intense Quasi-electrostatic Thundercloud Fields', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 365-368.
21. Pasko, V. P., Inan, U. S., Bell, T. F. and Taranenko, Y. N.: 1997, 'Sprites Produced by Quasi-electrostatic Heating and Ionization in the Lower Ionosphere', J. Geophys. Res. 102, 4529-4561.
22. Pasko, V. P., Inan, U. S. and Bell, T. F.: 1998, 'Spatial Structure of Sprites', Geophys. Res. Lett. 25(12), 2123.
23. Pasko, V. P., Inan, U. S. and Bell, T. F;: 2000, 'Fractal Structure of Sprites', Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 497.
24. Pasko, V. P., Stanley, M. A., Mathews, J. D., Inan, J. S. and Wood, T. G.: 2002, 'Electrical Discharge from a Thundercloud Top to the Lower Ionosphere Nature 416, 152.
25. Raizer, Y. P., Milikh, G. M., Shneider, M. N. and Novakovski, S. V.: 1998, 'Long Streamers in the Upper Atmosphere Above Thundercloud', J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 21, 3255.
26. Rowland, H. L., Fernsler, R. F., Huba, J. D. and Bernhardt, P. A.: 1995, 'Lightning Driven EMP in the Upper Atmosphere', Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 361-364.
27. Rowland, H. L.: 1998, 'Theories and Simulations of Elves, Sprites and Blue Jets', J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 60, 831.
28. Sentman, D. D. and Wescott, E. M.: 1993, 'Observations of Upper Atmospheric Optical Flashes Recorded from an Aircraft', Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2857-2860.
29. Stanley, M., Krehbiel, P., Brook, M., Moore, C., Rison, W. and Abrahams, B.: 1999, 'High Speed Video of Initial Sprite Development', Geophys. Res. Lett. 26(20), 3201.
30. Sentman, D. D., Wescott, E. M., Osborne, D. L., Hampton, D. L. and Heavner, M. J;: 1995, 'Preliminary Results from the Sprites94 Aircraft Campaign, 1, Red Sprites', Geophys. Res. Lett 22, 1205-1208.
31. Stanley, M., Krehbiel, P., Brook, M., Moore, C., Rison, W. and Abrahams, B.: 1999, 'High Speed Video of Initial Sprite Development', Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3201-32-4.
32. Tsang, K., Papadopoulos, K., Drobot, A., Vitello, P., Wallace, T. and Shanny, S.: 1991, 'RF Ionization of the Lower Ionosphere', Radio Sci. 20(5), 1345-1360.
33. Uman, M. A.: 1984, Lightning, Dover, New York.
34. Vaughan, O. H. Jr., Blakeslee, R., Boeck, W. L., Vonnegut, B., Brook, M. and McKune Jr., J.: 1992, 'A Cloud-to-space Lightning as Recorded by the Space Shuttle Payload-bay TV Cameras', Mon. Weather Rev. 120, 1459-1461,
35. Valdivia, J. A., Milikh, G. and Papadopoulos, K.: 1997, 'Red Sprites: Lightning as a Fractal Antenna', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 3169-3172.
36. Valdivia, J. A., Milikh, G. M. and Papadopoulos, K.: 1998, 'Model of Red sprites Due to Intracloud Fractal Lightning Discharges', Radio Sci. 33, 1655-1668.
37. Valdivia, J. A., Gomberoff, L. and Chian, A. C.: 2002, 'Can Density Fluctuations be Responsible for the Spatially Structured Optical Emissions?' Geophys. Res. Lett. (submitted).
38. Vecchi, G., Labate, D. and Canavero, F.: 1994, 'Fractal Approach to Lightning Radiation on a Tortuous Channel', Radio Sci. 29, 691-704.
39. Veronis, G., Pasko, V. P. and Inan, U. S.: 1999, 'Characteristics of Mesospheric Optical Emissions Produced by Lightning Discharges', J. Geophys. Res. 104(A6), 12645.
40. Villanueva, Y., Rakov, V. A. and Uman, M. A.: 1994, 'Microsecond-scale Electric Field Pulses in Cloud Lightning Discharges', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 14353.
41. Werner, D. H. and Werner, P. L.: 1995, 'On the Synthesis of Fractal Radiation Patterns', Radio Sci. 30, 29-45.
42. Wescott, E. M., Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., Sentman, D. D., Heavner, M. J., Moudry, D. R. and Sao Sabbas, F. T.: 2001, 'Triangulation of Sprites, Associated Halos and their Possible Relation to Causative Lightning and Micro-meteors', J. Geophys. Res. 106(A6), 10467.
43. Williams, E. R.: 1988, 'The Electrification of Thunderstorms', Sci. Am., 88-89, 259.
44. Winckler, J. R., Lyons, W. A., Nelson, T. E. and Nemzek, R. J.: 1996, 'New High-resolution Ground-based Studies of Sprites', J. Geophys. Res. 101, 6997-7004.
45. Yamada, Y., Fukunishi, H., Nakamura, T. and Tsude, T.: 2001, 'Breaking of Small Scale Gravity Wave and Transition to Turbulence Observed in OH Airglow', Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2153-2156.
46. Zabotin, N. A. and Wright, J. W.: 2001, 'Role of Meteoric Dust in Sprite Formation', Geophys. Res. Lett. 28(13), 2593.